Monthly Weather Review

Monthly Weather Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal devoted to the analysis and prediction of atmospheric circulations, issued every month in Boston by the American Meteorological Society.《每月天气回顾》是一本同行评审的气象学期刊，内容围绕大气环流的分析与预报，由美国气象学会在波士顿按月出版。

First published in June 1872, it numbers among the oldest continuously issued meteorological journals in the world, and its volume sequence has run unbroken since the opening number.该刊 1872 年 6 月首次出版，是世界上连续出版历史最久的气象学期刊之一，卷号自创刊号起从未中断。

Its centre of gravity is how observed circulations are diagnosed and how their evolution is forecast, with technique development, data assimilation and model validation treated as subjects in their own right.刊物的重心在于观测到的大气环流如何被诊断、其演变如何被预报，技术研发、资料同化与模式检验都被当作独立的主题对待。

Numerical and data assimilation methods built for the atmosphere or the ocean also fall inside the remit, as do phenomena whose useful predictability sits at the seasonal and subseasonal range.面向大气与海洋环境构建的数值方法与资料同化技术同样在范围之内，可预报性落在季节与次季节尺度上的现象也属此列。

Roughly 140 research papers appear each year, and Clarivate's 2025 figures place the title at a Journal Impact Factor of 3.3, in the second quartile of meteorology and atmospheric sciences.每年刊出的研究论文约 140 篇，Clarivate 的 2025 年数据把该刊的影响因子记为 3.3，在气象学与大气科学类目内列第二四分位。

Readership spans university research groups and operational forecasting centres alike, a dual audience that has shaped what the editors accept for a century and a half.读者群体同时覆盖高校研究组与业务预报中心，这种双重受众在很长时期里塑造了编辑部的选稿取向。

Scope

• The stated scope is narrow by design, confined to research that bears on the analysis and prediction of observed atmospheric circulations and their physics.刊物声明的范围有意收窄，只收与已观测大气环流及其物理过程的分析和预报相关的研究。

• Four activities are named explicitly, namely technique development, data assimilation, model validation, and case studies built around particular weather events.其中点名了四项工作，包括技术研发、资料同化，以及模式检验与个例研究。

• Numerical and data assimilation techniques aimed at the atmosphere or the ocean are admitted on the same footing, which keeps coupled and marine applications inside the tent.面向大气或海洋的数值技术与同化技术被同等接纳，海气耦合与海洋气象方面的应用因此留在刊物之内。

• Synoptic analysis retains a strong presence, and papers on the structure of extratropical cyclones and fronts, the evolution of upper-level jets, blocking and potential vorticity diagnosis recur in its pages.天气尺度的分析长期占据显要位置，温带气旋与锋面的结构、高空急流的演变、阻塞形势以及位涡异常诊断，都反复出现在刊中。

• Tropical meteorology forms a second centre of gravity, covering tropical cyclones, monsoon systems and the convective organisation of the tropics.热带气象构成第二个重心，热带气旋、季风系统与热带对流组织都在其中。

• Data assimilation papers range from variational and ensemble formulations to observation operators, error covariance modelling and the production of reanalyses.资料同化类论文从变分与集合两种表述出发，一直延伸到观测算子、误差协方差建模以及再分析产品的研制。

• Model development is treated as a scientific subject in its own right, so improvements to dynamical cores and advection schemes, the stability of time integration and conservation properties all find a home here.模式研发被当作独立的科学问题看待，动力核心与平流方案的改进、时间积分的稳定性、守恒性质方面的论文在此都有位置。

• Verification receives comparable weight, and forecast error statistics, process-oriented diagnostics and the scoring of probabilistic products all sit within scope.检验所占的分量与模式研发相当，预报误差统计、面向过程的诊断以及概率产品的评分都在范围之内。

• Ensemble and probabilistic prediction, predictability studies and the attribution of forecast failure belong to the same family of interests.集合预报与概率预报、可预报性研究以及预报失败的归因，属于同一类关切。

• Mesoscale work appears steadily, from convective systems and orographic flows to the mesoscale structures embedded in larger storms.中尺度研究稳定出现，从对流系统与地形绕流，到嵌套于大尺度风暴之中的中尺度结构，均有涉及。

• Phenomena with seasonal and subseasonal time scales are addressed by name, which pulls in work on the Madden-Julian oscillation, monsoon onset and land-atmosphere memory.季节与次季节尺度的现象被明确写入范围，马登-朱利安振荡、季风爆发与陆气记忆方面的研究因此进入视野。

• Articles, shorter notes, comments on previously published papers and the replies to them form the standing article types, and themed collections gather work on a single problem.常规栏目包括研究论文、篇幅较短的简报，以及对已刊论文的评论与作者的答复，围绕单一问题的主题专辑也会结集出版。

• Numerical experimentation is expected to be reproducible, and a paper that proposes a new scheme is read for what the scheme conserves and where it breaks down.数值试验被要求可以复现，提出新方案的论文会被追问该方案守恒什么、又在何处失效。

• Because the society publishes a dozen titles, the boundary is drawn by subject, and papers whose central claim lies in climate dynamics or atmospheric chemistry are usually redirected to a sister journal.由于学会旗下有十余种刊物，边界按主题划分，核心论点落在气候动力学或大气化学的稿件通常会被建议转投姊妹刊。

History

• The first number appeared in June 1872 under the War Department's Office of the Chief Signal Officer, the army bureau then responsible for the country's weather service.首期于 1872 年 6 月问世，出版者是美国陆军部通信兵主任办公室，该机构当时负责全国的气象业务。

• In those decades the contents were largely observational, consisting of monthly weather summaries, station reports, storm accounts and climatological tables compiled by government meteorologists.最初几十年的内容以观测记录为主，政府气象学家汇编每月天气综述，也汇编台站报告、风暴记述与气候统计表。

• Congress created a civilian Weather Bureau in 1890, and from July 1891 the journal passed to it, carrying its volume numbering across the change.1890 年美国国会设立民用的气象局，1891 年 7 月起该刊转归气象局主办，卷号跨越这次交接继续编排。

• Seventy-five years of Weather Bureau publication followed, a stretch in which the title turned gradually from a monthly record into a journal of meteorological research.此后是气象局主办的七十五年，刊物在此期间逐步由每月的观测记录转为气象学研究期刊。

• With the bureau's successor agencies the imprint shifted twice, to the Environmental Science Services Administration in August 1966 and to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in November 1970.随主管机构的改组，出版署名两次变更，1966 年 8 月改挂环境科学服务管理局，1970 年 11 月改挂国家海洋和大气管理局。

• By the early 1970s the parent agency could no longer carry the cost, and in 1971 the transfer of the journal to the American Meteorological Society was proposed and accepted.到 1970 年代初，主管机构已无力承担出版费用，1971 年把刊物移交美国气象学会的提议获得通过。

• The Society took over with the January 1974 issue. For the first three years the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration continued to fund part of the production cost.学会自 1974 年 1 月号起接手出版，最初三年国家海洋和大气管理局仍分担部分出版费用。

• Volume 102 opens the Society's run with the January 1974 number, taking up the sequence exactly where the government edition had left it at the close of 1973.第 102 卷以 1974 年 1 月号开启学会接办的阶段，卷号接着政府办刊时期在 1973 年末留下的位置往下排。

• Accepting the title raised an obvious worry inside the Society, since the newcomer might duplicate the Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences and the Journal of Physical Oceanography.接办这本刊物在学会内部引出一个明显的顾虑，新刊可能与《大气科学杂志》和《物理海洋学杂志》的选题重叠。

• The resolution was to keep the analysis and prediction of weather at its centre and leave atmospheric chemistry or climate statistics to sister titles, a division that has held since.解决之道是把天气的分析与预报固定为中心，大气化学与气候统计留给姊妹刊，这一分工延续至今。

• The monthly cadence has never changed, and the imprint has stayed with the Society's Boston office on Beacon Street throughout the half century since.月刊的出版节奏始终未变，半个世纪以来出版署名一直留在学会位于比肯街的波士顿办事处。

• The 2025 record shows a Journal Impact Factor of 3.3 against a five-year value of 3.6, about 142 papers a year, more than 30,000 citations and a cited half-life of 19.1 years.2025 年的记录显示影响因子为 3.3，五年影响因子为 3.6，年刊文约 142 篇，总被引超过 3 万次，被引半衰期为 19.1 年。

• The impact factor stood at 3.728 in 2022, eased to 2.8 in 2023 and 3.0 in 2024, then recovered to 3.3 in 2025.影响因子在 2022 年为 3.728，2023 年降至 2.8，2024 年为 3.0，2025 年回升到 3.3。

• Subscription access still reaches most of the readership, with gold open access accounting for 5.8 per cent of the 2025 output.订阅访问仍覆盖大部分读者，2025 年金色开放获取论文占当年发文量的 5.8%。

Editors

• Editorial responsibility follows the society's common model, in which a chief editor sets policy while a panel of editors each carry a share of the submissions.编辑职责沿用学会的统一模式，一位主编负责方针，一组编辑分担稿件处理。

• Manuscripts are assigned by subject, so a paper on data assimilation and a paper on tropical cyclogenesis usually reach different members of the panel.稿件按主题分派，同化方向的论文与热带气旋生成方向的论文通常落到不同的编辑手中。

• Review is single blind. Referees see the authors' names and affiliations, while the authors do not learn who reviewed them.评审采取单盲方式，审稿人知道作者姓名与单位，作者则不知道审稿人是谁。

• Submissions enter through the society's online manuscript system, where authors may suggest preferred and opposed referees and the handling editor makes the final choice.投稿经学会的在线稿件系统提交，作者可以推荐或回避审稿人，最终人选由责任编辑决定。

• Two or more outside reports are customary before a decision, and a paper that survives review is copy-edited and typeset by the society's Boston production office.作出决定之前通常已有两份以上外审意见，通过评审的论文交由学会波士顿的制作部门编校排版。

• Comments on published papers and the authors' replies run on a distinct track, and each comment is sent to the original authors before it is accepted.对已刊论文的评论与原作者答复按独立通道处理，评论在录用前会先送交原文作者。

• Corrigenda are published once an error affects a result, and the society's ethics policy covers authorship disputes, image manipulation and undisclosed conflicts of interest.错误一旦影响结论即刊出勘误，学会的伦理政策覆盖署名争议、图像处理与未申明的利益冲突。

• Authors are asked to state where their data and code can be obtained, a requirement that weighs most on papers built from model experiments.作者需说明数据与代码的获取途径，以模式试验为基础的论文尤其如此。

• Themed collections are shepherded by guest editors working alongside a member of the standing panel, and the call for papers states the closing date for submissions.主题专辑由客座编辑与在任编辑合作主持，征稿说明会写明截稿日期。

• Because forecasters number among the readers, an accepted paper should say what its result changes for practice and not only what it adds to theory.读者之中有预报员，因此录用的论文需要说明其结果对业务有何改变，而不只是对理论有何补充。