Michigan Technological University

Michigan Technological University (Michigan Tech, MTU or simply Tech) is a public research university in Houghton, Michigan, on the Keweenaw Peninsula of the Upper Peninsula, and it is the region's flagship technological institution.密西根理工大学（Michigan Tech，MTU，简称 Tech）是一所位于密西根州霍顿的公立研究型大学，地处上半岛基维诺半岛，是本地区首屈一指的理工类学府。

Founded in 1885 as the Michigan Mining School to train mining engineers for the Copper Country, it grew into a comprehensive technological university and was renamed Michigan Technological University in 1964.该校 1885 年创办时名为密西根矿业学校，为「铜乡」培养采矿工程师，后发展为综合性理工大学，并于 1964 年更名为密西根理工大学。

Home to nearly 7,500 students from more than 60 countries and classified as a "Research 1" institution, it oversees five colleges and offers more than 185 undergraduate and graduate degree programmes.该校有来自 60 多个国家的近 7,500 名学生，被归为「研究一类」院校，下设五个学院，开设 185 个以上本科与研究生学位项目。

History

• Michigan Tech was founded in 1885 as the Michigan Mining School, after much agitation by Jay Abel Hubbell, who persuaded the state legislature to establish the school in the Copper Country.密西根理工大学的前身密西根矿业学校于 1885 年创办，其成行有赖于杰伊·阿贝尔·哈贝尔的大力推动，他说服州议会在这片「铜乡」设立该校。
• Hubbell donated land for the school's first buildings, and the institution opened with four faculty members and twenty-three students.哈贝尔捐出土地用于建设最初的校舍，学校开办时仅有四名教师与二十三名学生。
• The school was housed in the Houghton Fire Hall from 1886 through 1889 before moving into its own buildings on the hill above Portage Lake.1886 年至 1889 年间，学校借用霍顿消防站办学，之后才迁入波塔奇湖上方山丘上的自有校舍。
• The college's first president was Marshman E. Wadsworth, who served from 1887 to 1898 and shaped its early engineering curriculum.该校首任校长是马什曼·沃兹沃思，任期为 1887 年至 1898 年，奠定了其早期的工程课程体系。
• Because enrollment and the range of studies grew beyond mining, the name was changed to the Michigan College of Mines in 1897.由于招生规模与学科范围已超出采矿范畴，学校于 1897 年更名为密西根矿业学院。
• Fred W. McNair served as the college's second president from 1899 to 1924, and by 1931 enrollment had reached nearly 600 students.弗雷德·麦克奈尔于 1899 年至 1924 年任该校第二任校长，到 1931 年在校生已接近 600 人。
• In 1925, as the college offered a wider variety of degrees, it adopted the name Michigan College of Mining and Technology in 1927, a title it kept until 1964.1925 年，随着该校授予学位的种类增多，它于 1927 年改称密西根矿业与技术学院，这一名称一直沿用到 1964 年。
• Under President Grover C. Dillman, who served from 1935 to 1956, the school built the Memorial Union Building and acquired an ice rink, a golf course and the village of Alberta.在 1935 年至 1956 年任校长的格罗弗·迪尔曼主持下，学校兴建了纪念联合大楼，并购得一处溜冰场、一座高尔夫球场以及阿尔伯塔村。
• Women began attending classes at the Michigan College of Mines around 1890, mostly as daughters of professors or local businessmen, and were at first admitted only as special students.约 1890 年起，女性开始到密西根矿业学院上课，多为教授或当地商人的女儿，起初仅以「特别学生」身份录取。
• Margaret R. Holley became the first woman to receive a degree from the college, earning a chemistry degree in 1933 and a master's degree two years later.玛格丽特·霍利成为该校首位获得学位的女性，她于 1933 年取得化学学位，两年后又获得硕士学位。
• Ella Wood, hired in 1927 as an assistant professor of humanities, became the first female faculty member and later the first woman to hold the title of dean at the college.1927 年受聘为人文学科助理教授的埃拉·伍德成为该校首位女教师，后又成为首位获「院长」头衔的女性。
• J. Robert Van Pelt became president in 1956 and refocused the institution on research, restarting many doctoral programmes and introducing its first analog computation class in 1956-57.罗伯特·范佩尔特于 1956 年出任校长，把学校重新定位于科研，重启多个博士项目，并于 1956-57 学年开设了第一门模拟计算课程。
• In 1964, during the final years of Van Pelt's presidency, the college became Michigan Technological University and gained a Board of Control independent of the state legislature.1964 年，即范佩尔特任期的最后几年，学院升格为密西根理工大学，并获得了独立于州议会的校务委员会。
• The name "Michigan Technological University" was chosen in part so that the longstanding nickname "Michigan Tech" could be retained.选择「密西根理工大学」这一名称，部分原因正是为了保留沿用已久的简称「密西根理工」（Michigan Tech）。
• The university has historically focused on engineering, and as of November 2022 about 57 percent of students were enrolled in the College of Engineering.该校历来以工程为重，截至 2022 年 11 月，约 57% 的学生就读于工程学院。
• The College of Computing was established in 2019 as the first college of computing in the state of Michigan, reflecting the growth of technology fields.计算学院于 2019 年成立，是密西根州第一个计算学院，反映了技术领域的成长。
• In the 2021-22 school year the university's research expenditures exceeded 81 million, and they surpassed100 million for the first time in 2023.2021-22 学年该校科研支出超过 8,100 万美元，并在 2023 年首次突破 1 亿美元。
• In 2024 Washington Monthly ranked Michigan Tech 90th among 438 national universities for its contribution to the public good, and the university was placed first for campus free speech in the same year.2024 年，《华盛顿月刊》因该校对公共利益的贡献，把密西根理工排在 438 所全国性大学中的第 90 位；同年该校在校园言论自由方面位列第一。
• Mont Ripley, the university-owned ski hill, dates from the early 1900s and remains one of the oldest ski areas in Michigan.该校拥有的蒙特·里普利滑雪场可追溯至 1900 年代初，至今仍是密西根最古老的滑雪场之一。
• In 1945 the members of the Portage Lake Golf Course sold it to the university for one dollar, and the course was later expanded to eighteen holes in 1969.1945 年，波塔奇湖高尔夫球场的会员以一元钱把球场卖给该校，此后球场于 1969 年扩建至十八洞。
• Michigan Tech's graduate and undergraduate enrollment reached about 7,430 in fall 2024, the largest student body seen on campus since 1982 and part of a trend of measured growth.2024 年秋季，密西根理工的本科与研究生在校生约 7,430 人，是自 1982 年以来校园规模最大的一批学生，也是该校稳步增长趋势的一部分。

Academics

• The university is divided into five colleges and schools, namely Engineering, Computing, Sciences and Arts, Business, and Forest Resources and Environmental Science.该校分为五个学院与学部，即工程学院、计算学院、科学与艺术学院、商学院，以及森林资源与环境科学学院。
• It offers more than 185 undergraduate and graduate degree programmes in engineering, natural and physical sciences, computing, business, environmental studies, arts, humanities and social sciences.该校开设 185 个以上本科与研究生学位项目，涵盖工程、自然科学与物理科学、计算、商学、环境研究、艺术、人文与社会科学。
• The College of Engineering offers seventeen undergraduate degrees across nine departments, ranging from the original mining engineering degree to robotics engineering, added in 2019.工程学院在九个系开设十七个本科学位，从最初的采矿工程学位到 2019 年增设的机器人工程学位。
• The College of Computing, established in 2019, offers degrees in computer science, software engineering, cybersecurity, computer network and system administration, and mechatronics.2019 年成立的计算学院开设计算机科学、软件工程、网络安全、计算机网络与系统管理以及机电一体化等学位。
• The College of Sciences and Arts teaches fields such as biological sciences, biochemistry, chemistry, mathematics, physics, psychology, communication, kinesiology and nursing.科学与艺术学院教授生物科学、生物化学、化学、数学、物理、心理学、传播、运动机能学与护理等专业。
• The College of Business is accredited by AACSB and awards degrees in accounting, economics, finance, management, marketing and management information systems.商学院获 AACSB 认证，在会计、经济学、金融、管理、市场营销与管理信息系统等领域授予学位。
• The College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science maintains greenhouses, laboratories and the Ford Forest and Ford Center near Alberta, Michigan.森林资源与环境科学学院设有温室、实验室，并管理密西根阿尔伯塔附近的福特林场与福特中心。
• Its three most popular undergraduate majors by 2021-22 graduates were mechanical engineering with 266 graduates, electrical engineering with 93 and chemical engineering with 88.按 2021-22 学年毕业生计，其三个最热门的本科专业是机械工程（266 人）、电气工程（93 人）与化学工程（88 人）。
• The university employs 498 faculty and 1,271 staff, and maintains 271,962 square feet of research space and laboratories.该校聘用 498 名教师与 1,271 名工作人员，并拥有 271,962 平方英尺的研究与实验空间。
• Michigan Tech is classified as a "Research 1" institution by the Carnegie Classification, the highest category for research activity in the United States.密西根理工被卡内基分类列为「研究一类」院校，这是美国研究活动分级中的最高类别。
• Research expenditures reached 124.2 million, with109.3 million in external funding, and the university operates fifteen major research centres.该校科研支出达 1.242 亿美元，外部资助为 1.093 亿美元，并运营十五个主要研究中心。
• Named research centres include the Michigan Tech Research Institute and the Michigan Tech Transportation Institute, which conduct applied research for industry and government.具名研究中心包括密西根理工研究所与密西根理工交通研究所，它们为产业与政府开展应用研究。
• The Enterprise Program gives students real-world design, engineering and entrepreneurial experience through teams such as Aerospace, Hybrid Transportation and Husky Game Development.「企业项目」通过航天、混合动力交通与哈士奇游戏开发等团队，为学生提供真实的设计、工程与创业体验。
• The university offers distance-education programmes and works with corporate clients including General Motors on continuing professional education.该校提供远程教育项目，并与通用汽车等企业客户合作开展专业继续教育。
• Undergraduate admission is considered "selective", and for the class enrolling in fall 2021 the university received 8,041 applications and accepted 6,895 of them.该校本科招生被视为「择优录取」；2021 年秋季入学的一届共收到 8,041 份申请，录取 6,895 人。
• The university maintains partnerships with other Michigan and national institutions such as the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.该校与密西根大学、密西根州立大学、哈佛大学与麻省理工学院等其他密西根州及全国性院校保持合作。

Campus

• The main campus sits on a bluff overlooking Portage Lake at Houghton, Michigan, near the Keweenaw Waterway just a few miles from Lake Superior, at about 47.122 degrees north and 88.569 degrees west.主校区坐落于密西根霍顿，位于可俯瞰波塔奇湖的崖地上，紧邻基维诺水道，距苏必利尔湖仅数英里，约处北纬 47.122 度、西经 88.569 度。
• It occupies 925 acres and consists of 36 buildings, the first of which was built in 1908, all within about ten minutes' walk of each other.校园占地 925 英亩，由 36 座建筑组成，其中第一座建于 1908 年，各建筑之间步行约十分钟即可到达。
• The university also owns the Ford Center in Alberta, Michigan, a 4,609-acre outdoor and environmental education centre donated by the Ford Motor Company in the 1950s.该校还拥有密西根阿尔伯塔的福特中心，这是一处 4,609 英亩的户外与环境教育中心，由福特汽车公司于 1950 年代捐赠。
• Mont Ripley, the university's ski hill, has twenty-two trails, a terrain park and a tubing park on 112 acres about two miles from campus.该校的蒙特·里普利滑雪场占地 112 英亩，距校园约两英里，设有 22 条雪道、一个地形公园与一个雪圈公园。
• The Portage Lake Golf Course, opened for play in April 1902 and bought by the university in 1945, offers eighteen holes across 160 acres two miles south-east of campus.波塔奇湖高尔夫球场于 1902 年 4 月开放，1945 年由该校购得，位于校园东南约两英里处，占地 160 英亩，共十八洞。
• The Michigan Tech Trails, a year-round trail system, include 33 kilometres of groomed cross-country ski trails and 11.7 kilometres of snowshoe and bike trails.「密西根理工步道」是一套全年可用的步道系统，包括 33 公里修整过的越野滑雪道与 11.7 公里的雪鞋与自行车道。
• The Lakeshore Center in downtown Houghton houses several university offices, including Human Relations and the office of the Vice President for Research.霍顿市中心的湖畔中心容纳了该校若干行政办公室，包括人事处与主管科研的副校长办公室。
• Residence halls, the Memorial Union Building and the Student Development Complex give students housing, dining, recreation and indoor sports facilities.学生宿舍、纪念联合大楼与学生发展中心为学生提供住宿、餐饮、娱乐与室内运动设施。
• Houghton is known as the heart of the Copper Country, and its historic mining-era townscape and waterfront lie within walking distance of the campus.霍顿被称为「铜乡」的核心，其矿冶时代的历史街区与滨水地带距校园仅步行之遥。
• The campus and the university-owned forest, ski hill and golf course blend academic buildings with the lakes, woods and heavy snowfall of the Upper Peninsula.校园以及学校拥有的林地、滑雪场与高尔夫球场，把教学建筑与上半岛的湖泊、森林和丰沛降雪融为一体。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Michigan Technological University is placed in the 1001-1200 band, a shared range covering a large group of institutions.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，密西根理工大学位列第 1001-1200 位（并列区间，涵盖一大批院校）。
• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it is placed 1061st in the world.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位居全球第 1061 位。
• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities compiled by ShanghaiRanking it appears in the 901-1000 band.在上海软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校位列第 901-1000 位。
• It did not enter the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and therefore does not appear in that league table for the year.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，因此不出现在该年度的榜单上。
• OpenAlex records about 33,755 scholarly works and 1,683,692 citations associated with the university, indicating a substantial research output.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校累计约有 33,755 篇学术成果与 1,683,692 次被引，显示其科研产出可观。
• The university is consistently ranked among the best universities in the United States for return on investment and for the earnings of its graduates.该校在美国投资回报率与毕业生收入方面持续名列前茅。
• In 2024 the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education ranked Michigan Tech first for academic freedom and viewpoint tolerance among the schools it surveyed.2024 年，个人权利与表达基金会把密西根理工在其调查院校中列为学术自由与观点包容的第一名。
• Its engineering and forestry programmes are historically its strongest, reflecting the university's origins in mining and its long engagement with the Upper Peninsula's forests.其工程与林业项目历来最强，这反映该校源于矿业的出身以及其与上半岛森林的长期渊源。
• Michigan Tech's men's hockey team has won three national championships, and its athletic programmes compete in NCAA Division II and Division I hockey.密西根理工的男子冰球队曾三度夺得全国冠军，其各运动项目分别征战 NCAA 二级联赛与一级冰球联赛。
• The university is a public institution within the state system of Michigan and is governed by an eight-member board of trustees appointed by the governor.该校是密西根州公立高教体系中的一员，由一个八人校务委员会治理，成员由州长任命。

Student life

• The university's motto is "Create the future", a phrase that also appears in its admissions and research communications.该校的校训是「Create the future」（创造未来），这一短语同样出现在其招生与科研宣传之中。
• The school mascot is the husky, specifically Blizzard T. Husky, and the university's sports teams are accordingly known as the Huskies.该校吉祥物是哈士奇犬，具体形象名为「Blizzard T. Husky」，其运动队因此被称为「哈士奇队」。
• Winter Carnival began in 1922 and centres on a snow statue competition in which students build snow and ice sculptures on an annual theme.冬季嘉年华始于 1922 年，核心是雪雕比赛，学生围绕年度主题搭建雪与冰的雕塑。
• K-Day, a half-day holiday on the first Friday of the fall term hosted by Greek Life, includes a student organisations fair, games and music.「K 日」是秋季学期第一个周五的半天假日，由希腊式学生组织主办，设有社团集市、游戏与音乐活动。
• Homecoming has been held on campus each fall since 1929, marked by a football game and a cardboard boat race in the local canal.自 1929 年起，该校每年秋季举办返校节，活动包括一场橄榄球赛与本地运河上的纸板船比赛。
• The Parade of Nations and multicultural festival began in 1990 to celebrate the cultures of Keweenaw residents and the university's many international students.「万国游行」与多元文化节始于 1990 年，旨在庆祝基维诺居民与该校众多国际学生的文化。
• The Huskies Pep Band, formed in 1928 as the Michigan Tech ROTC Band, performs at home games and is known for traditional songs and theatrical antics.哈士奇助威乐队于 1928 年作为密西根理工后备军官训练队乐队成立，在主场比赛演出，以传统曲目与戏剧化的表演著称。
• The university recognises more than two hundred student organisations, and twelve fraternities and seven sororities operate on campus.该校认可 200 多个学生组织，校园内有十二个兄弟会与七个姐妹会。
• Michigan Tech holds a Guinness world record for the largest snowball, with a circumference of about 6.5 metres, set in 2006.密西根理工保持着一项吉尼斯世界纪录——最大的雪球，周长约 6.5 米，创下于 2006 年。
• Houghton's average annual snowfall of about 218 inches sustains a winter-sports culture, with students skiing free at the university's Mont Ripley hill and trails.霍顿年均降雪约 218 英寸，孕育了浓厚的冬季运动文化，学生可免费使用该校的蒙特·里普利滑雪场与步道。

Notable people

• Jay Abel Hubbell, the legislator and congressman after whom a campus building is named, campaigned for the founding of the Michigan Mining School in 1885.议员与国会议员杰伊·阿贝尔·哈贝尔曾为 1885 年创办密西根矿业学校奔走，校园内有以他命名的建筑。
• Marshman E. Wadsworth was the university's first president, serving from 1887 to 1898 and establishing its early scientific curriculum.马什曼·沃兹沃思是该校首任校长，任期为 1887 年至 1898 年，建立了其早期科学课程。
• Fred W. McNair, the second president, led the college from 1899 to 1924 through a period of steady growth in enrollment and facilities.第二任校长弗雷德·麦克奈尔于 1899 年至 1924 年领导该校，经历了招生与设施稳步增长的时期。
• Grover C. Dillman served as president from 1935 to 1956 and oversaw the building of the Memorial Union and the acquisition of the golf course and Alberta.格罗弗·迪尔曼于 1935 年至 1956 年任校长，主持了纪念联合大楼的兴建以及高尔夫球场与阿尔伯塔的购置。
• Melvin Calvin, who earned a bachelor's degree from the Michigan College of Mining and Technology in 1931, won the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on photosynthesis.梅尔文·卡尔文于 1931 年从密西根矿业与技术学院取得学士学位，因光合作用研究获得 1961 年诺贝尔化学奖。
• Joseph P. Overton, an alumnus of the university, conceived the "Overton window", a concept widely used in political analysis.该校校友约瑟夫·奥弗顿提出了「奥弗顿窗口」这一在政治分析中被广泛使用的概念。
• Kanwal Rekhi, a graduate and Silicon Valley businessman, became a prominent investor and promoter of entrepreneurship in the technology sector.毕业生坎瓦尔·雷基是硅谷商人，成为科技领域知名的投资人兼创业推动者。
• David House, an alumnus who led Intel's microcomputer components division for thirteen years, coined the marketing phrase "Intel Inside".校友戴维·豪斯曾执掌英特尔微机组件事务十三年，创造了「Intel Inside」这一营销口号。
• David Hill, a graduate, served as chief engineer for the Chevrolet Corvette, shaping one of America's best-known sports cars.毕业生戴维·希尔曾任雪佛兰科尔维特的首席工程师，塑造了美国最知名的跑车之一。
• Markus J. Buehler, an alumnus and materials scientist, became a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.校友、材料科学家马库斯·比勒成为麻省理工学院的教授。
• Tony Esposito, a Michigan Tech alumnus, was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame as one of the great goaltenders of the National Hockey League.该校校友托尼·埃斯波西托入选冰球名人堂，是美国国家冰球联盟的传奇守门员之一。
• Roxane Gay, the writer, professor and cultural commentator, is counted among the university's notable graduates.作家、教授与文化评论人罗克珊·盖伊被列为该校知名毕业生之一。
• Richard J. Koubek serves as president of the university in the 2020s, guiding its research growth and its plans for expansion.理查德·库贝克在 2020 年代担任该校校长，主导其科研增长与扩张规划。
• Margaret R. Holley, the first woman to earn a degree at the college, later endowed a scholarship for female students that is still active.该校首位获得学位的女性玛格丽特·霍利，后来捐资设立了一项至今仍在发放的女生奖学金。