McGill University

McGill University is a public research university in Montreal, Quebec, and one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in Canada.麦吉尔大学（McGill University）是一所位于加拿大魁北克省蒙特利尔的公立研究型大学，也是加拿大历史最悠久的高等学府之一。

Founded by royal charter in 1821 on a bequest from the merchant James McGill, it teaches mainly in English and ranks 30th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校依商人詹姆士·麦吉尔的遗赠于 1821 年获得皇家特许状创办，主要以英语授课，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列全球第 30。

In 2024 it enrolled 39,920 students, of whom 27,737 were undergraduates, 10,072 postgraduates and 2,111 in other categories, taught by 3,476 academic staff, with an endowment of 2.495 billion Canadian dollars.2024 年学校有学生 39920 人，其中本科生 27737 人、研究生 10072 人、其他类别 2111 人，学术人员 3476 人，捐赠基金为 24.95 亿加元。

History

• The Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning was created by the legislature of Lower Canada in 1801 to respond to demand for free schools and colleges in the province.下加拿大立法会议于 1801 年设立皇家进修学院，以回应省内对免费学校与进修机构的需求。

• James McGill, a Scottish-born merchant in Quebec, died in December 1813 leaving ten thousand pounds to the Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning to found a college bearing his name.出生于苏格兰的魁北克商人詹姆士·麦吉尔于 1813 年 12 月去世，留下 1 万英镑给皇家进修学院，用于创办一所以他姓氏命名的学院。

• His will required the college to be established within ten years of his death, failing which the money would pass to his widow, and it was to be a place of education and continuing study.其遗嘱要求学院须在他去世后十年内创办，否则款项归其遗孀；学院须是一处从事教育与持续进修的机构。

• After a long legal dispute with the family of his widow, McGill College received a royal charter from King George IV on 31 March 1821, giving it university status and the power to grant degrees.在与遗孀家属进行长期诉讼后，麦吉尔学院于 1821 年 3 月 31 日获得国王乔治四世颁授的皇家特许状，取得大学地位与授予学位的权力。

• The college's first principal was George Mountain, an Anglican bishop who was also involved in founding Bishop's University and Bishop's College School.学院的首任校长是圣公会主教乔治·蒙顿，他还参与创办了主教大学与主教学院中学。

• Teaching began in 1829, and the college was one of the first institutions in Canada to offer medical education, a field in which it soon became pre-eminent.学院于 1829 年开始授课，是加拿大最早提供医学教育的院校之一，并很快在这一领域取得领先。

• The Montreal General Hospital, founded in 1821, and the Montreal Neurological Institute, founded in 1934 by Wilder Penfield, became the university's principal teaching and research hospitals.1821 年创办的蒙特利尔总医院与 1934 年由怀尔德·彭菲尔德创办的蒙特利尔神经学研究所，成为学校最主要的教学与研究医院。

• By the middle of the nineteenth century the college had added faculties of arts and law in addition to medicine, and it had begun to attract students from across British North America.到十九世纪中叶，学院在医学之外又增设文学与法学等学院，并开始吸引来自英属北美各地的学生。

• In 1885 the institution was formally renamed McGill University, dropping the older name of McGill College.1885 年，学院正式更名为麦吉尔大学，不再使用麦吉尔学院的旧名。

• The Royal Institution for the Advancement of Learning, which had been made trustee of McGill's endowment, remains linked to the university and to affiliated institutions such as the Macdonald campus.曾被指定为麦吉尔遗赠基金受托方的皇家进修学院，至今仍与大学及其麦克唐纳校区等附属机构保持关联。

• The university's downtown campus grew up around the slopes of Mount Royal, where its first buildings were erected in the 1840s.学校本部校园在皇家山山麓一带发展起来，其最早的建筑于 1840 年代在此建成。

• Macdonald College, established at Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue west of Montreal, gave the university a rural campus for the agricultural and environmental sciences.建于蒙特利尔以西圣安娜贝尔维尤的麦克唐纳学院，为学校提供了从事农业与环境科学教学的乡村校区。

• The university opened a campus at Gatineau in the Outaouais region, extending its teaching into western Quebec.学校在魁北克乌塔韦地区的加蒂诺开设校区，把教学延伸到魁北克西部。

• McGill's medical faculty was the first in Canada, and its teaching hospitals became centres for clinical research in neurology, oncology and cardiology.其医学院是加拿大第一所医学院，其教学医院后来成为神经学、肿瘤学与心脏病学的临床研究中心。

• In the twentieth century the university grew into a comprehensive institution with faculties of arts, science, engineering, law, medicine, management, education and music.二十世纪间学校发展为综合性大学，设文学、理学、工程、法律、医学、管理、教育与音乐等学院。

• The Montreal Neurological Institute became one of the world's leading centres for the study of the brain, and the university pioneered the use of the Montreal procedure for epilepsy surgery.蒙特利尔神经学研究所成为世界领先的脑研究机构之一，学校并在癫痫外科手术中率先使用蒙特利尔术式。

• Its school of architecture, founded in 1896, was among the first in Canada, and its school of law remains one of the country's principal centres of legal study in both common law and civil law.其建筑学院创办于 1896 年，是加拿大最早的建筑学院之一；其法学院至今仍是该国普通法与大陆法研究的主要中心之一。

• The university's Desautels Faculty of Management was named after a Montreal family whose gift endowed it, and its business programmes are among the strongest in Canada.其德索泰尔管理学院以捐资的蒙特利尔家族命名，其商科项目在加拿大实力最强之列。

• McGill's two campuses, one urban and one agricultural, together give it a wider academic range than most Canadian universities of comparable size.学校一所城市校区与一所农业校区并存，使其学科范围超过多数规模相当的加拿大大学。

• The university maintains partnerships with institutions in Europe, Asia and Africa, and a large share of its students come from outside Canada.学校与欧洲、亚洲与非洲的院校建立合作，其学生中相当比例来自加拿大以外。

• Its role as trustee of McGill's endowment was confirmed when the royal charter was amended in 1852, and it remains one of the university's corporate identities.1852 年皇家特许状修订时，其作为麦吉尔遗赠基金受托方的地位得到确认，至今仍是大学的法人身份之一。

• In 1882 the Redpath Museum opened, one of the oldest purpose-built museum buildings in Canada and still used for teaching and research.1882 年雷德帕斯博物馆开放，是加拿大历史最悠久的专门博物馆建筑之一，至今仍用于教学与研究。

• In 1884 the university admitted its first women undergraduates, making it one of the earliest coeducational universities in Canada.1884 年学校录取了首批女本科生，成为加拿大最早实行男女同校的大学之一。

• In 1899 the Royal Victoria College was opened to provide residence and teaching for women students, and it later became a coeducational residence.1899 年皇家维多利亚学院开办，为女学生提供住宿与教学，后来改为男女同住的宿舍。

• In 1907 Macdonald College was established west of Montreal, giving the university a rural campus for agriculture, education and the household sciences.1907 年麦克唐纳学院在蒙特利尔以西设立，为学校提供了从事农业、教育与家政科学的乡村校区。

Academics

• McGill is organised into eleven faculties, and most of its students are enrolled in medicine, science, arts, engineering and the Desautels Faculty of Management.学校设有十一个学院，多数学生就读于医学、理学、文学、工程以及德索泰尔管理学院。

• It offers degrees and diplomas in more than three hundred fields of study, its medical school was the first established in Canada, and its law faculty teaches both the common law and the civil law.学校在三百多个学术领域授予学位与文凭，其医学院是加拿大设立的第一所医学院，其法学院同时教授普通法与大陆法。

• As of 2024 it had 27,737 undergraduates, 10,072 postgraduates and 2,111 students in other categories, a total of 39,920.截至 2024 年，学校有本科生 27737 人、研究生 10072 人以及其他类别学生 2111 人，合计 39920 人。

• It employs 3,476 academic staff, of whom 1,747 are tenure-track and 1,667 non-tenure-track, together with 4,327 administrative staff.学校有学术人员 3476 人，其中终身教职轨 1747 人、非终身教职轨 1667 人，另有行政人员 4327 人。

• Its endowment was 2.495 billion Canadian dollars and its annual budget 1.555 billion, one of the highest endowments per student in the country.其捐赠基金为 24.95 亿加元，年度预算 15.55 亿加元，按学生人均计算的捐赠规模在加拿大名列前茅。

• The university's teaching hospital network, centred on the McGill University Health Centre, supports its medical, nursing and health sciences programmes.以麦吉尔大学健康中心为核心的教学医院网络，支撑着学校的医学、护理与健康科学教学。

• Its strengths include medicine and the life sciences, the physical sciences, law, management, music and the humanities, and it is a member of the Association of American Universities.其强项包括医学与生命科学、物理科学、法律、管理学、音乐与人文学科，学校并是美国大学协会的成员。

• The university's library system, with the McLennan-Redpath Library Complex at its centre, holds more than six million items across its branches.学校图书馆系统以麦克伦南—雷德帕斯图书馆群为核心，各分馆合计藏有逾六百万件资料。

• McGill is a member of the U15 group of Canadian research universities and recruits students from across Canada and more than 150 countries.学校是加拿大研究型大学联盟 U15 的成员，学生来自加拿大各地以及一百五十多个国家。

• Its medical and biomedical research has produced work in neuroscience, cancer, immunology and infectious disease, and its affiliated hospitals serve patients from across Quebec.其医学与生物医学研究在神经科学、肿瘤、免疫学与传染病方面取得成果，其附属医院则服务来自魁北克各地的患者。

• The university operates the Redpath Museum, founded in 1882 and one of the oldest museums in Canada, and a number of research centres in the life sciences.学校运营创建于 1882 年的雷德帕斯博物馆，该馆是加拿大历史最悠久的博物馆之一；此外还设有多个生命科学研究中心。

• Teaching is conducted in English, and students may also study French as a second language through the university's language programmes.学校以英语授课，学生也可通过学校的语言课程把法语作为第二语言学习。

• The university is accredited by the relevant provincial authorities and its professional programmes are recognised by Canadian professional bodies.学校依魁北克省有关规定获得认证，其专业项目亦获加拿大各专业机构认可。

• McGill runs joint programmes and exchange agreements with universities in Europe and Asia, including in France, the United Kingdom and China.学校与欧洲及亚洲的大学，包括法国、英国与中国的院校，开设联合项目与交换协议。

• Its research is funded by the federal granting councils, the Quebec government and industry partners, and it hosts Canada Research Chairs.其研究由联邦拨款委员会、魁北克省政府与产业伙伴资助，并设有加拿大研究讲席。

• As of 2024 its alumni, staff and researchers included fifteen Nobel laureates and 149 Rhodes Scholars, more of each than any other Canadian university.截至 2024 年，其校友、教职员与研究人员中包括十五位诺贝尔奖得主与 149 位罗德学者，两项人数均为加拿大各大学之最。

• The university's Osler Library of the History of Medicine holds one of the most important collections of medical history in the world, founded on Sir William Osler's own library.学校的奥斯勒医学史图书馆以威廉·奥斯勒爵士本人的藏书为基础，藏有世界上最重要的医学史文献之一。

Campus

• The downtown campus covers about 32 hectares at the foot of Mount Royal in the centre of Montreal.本部校园位于蒙特利尔市中心皇家山山麓，占地约 32 公顷。

• Its historic core includes the Arts Building with its portico and the Redpath Museum, and many of its buildings date from the nineteenth century.其历史核心区包括带柱廊的文学院大楼与雷德帕斯博物馆，许多建筑建于十九世纪。

• The Macdonald campus, thirty kilometres west of the city, covers about 650 hectares of fields and woodland beside the Lake of Two Mountains.麦克唐纳校区位于市区以西 30 公里，占地约 650 公顷的田野与林地，紧邻双山湖。

• The campus also includes the Gault Nature Reserve on Mont Saint-Hilaire, used for ecological research, and a campus at Gatineau.学校还拥有用于生态研究的圣伊莱尔山高尔特自然保护区，以及在加蒂诺的校区。

• A monument to James McGill stands on the downtown campus, and the university's oldest building, the Arts Building, remains in use for teaching.本部校园内立有詹姆士·麦吉尔的纪念雕像，学校最古老的文学院大楼至今仍用于教学。

• The university's colours are scarlet and white, and its sports teams are known as the Redbirds and the Martlets.学校代表色为猩红与白色，运动队分别称为红人队与无足鸟队。

• Its mascot is the martlet, a heraldic bird without feet, which appears on the university's insignia.其吉祥物是无足鸟，一种纹章中的无足鸟形，出现在学校的标志之上。

• The downtown campus is within walking distance of the shops and cultural institutions of central Montreal and is well served by the metro.本部校园步行即可到达蒙特利尔市中心的商店与文化机构，地铁服务也十分便利。

• The university's buildings include the McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, the Frank Dawson Adams Building and the Otto Maass Chemistry Building.学校建筑包括麦金太尔医学科学大楼、弗兰克·道森·亚当斯大楼与奥托·马斯化学大楼。

• Student residences are concentrated on the downtown campus, and the university guarantees a place in residence to students entering from outside Montreal, while the Macdonald campus has its own residences and dining hall.学生宿舍集中在本部校园，学校为来自蒙特利尔以外的入学新生提供宿位保证，麦克唐纳校区则另有自己的宿舍与餐厅。

• The Gault Nature Reserve on Mont Saint-Hilaire, about 1,000 hectares of forest owned by the university, is used for ecological research and teaching.学校拥有的圣伊莱尔山高尔特自然保护区占地约 1000 公顷的森林，用于生态研究与教学。

Reputation

• McGill ranks 30th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, 43rd in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and 68th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.麦吉尔大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列全球第 30，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 43，2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 68。^[1]

• It is often grouped with the University of Toronto and the University of British Columbia as one of Canada's three leading universities.学校常与多伦多大学、不列颠哥伦比亚大学并称为加拿大大学「三强」。

• Its alumni, staff and researchers include fifteen Nobel laureates and 149 Rhodes Scholars, the largest numbers of any Canadian university.其校友、教职员与研究人员中包括十五位诺贝尔奖得主与 149 位罗德学者，两项人数均为加拿大各大学之最。

• Two governors-general, three prime ministers and fourteen justices of the Supreme Court of Canada were educated at McGill.两位加拿大总督、三位加拿大总理与十四位加拿大最高法院大法官曾在麦吉尔求学。

• Its alumni also helped found the Johns Hopkins University medical school and the universities of British Columbia, Victoria and Alberta.其校友还参与创办了约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院，以及不列颠哥伦比亚大学、维多利亚大学与阿尔伯塔大学。

• The university is a member of the Association of American Universities, one of only two Canadian members along with the University of Toronto.学校是美国大学协会的成员，与多伦多大学同为该校仅有的两所加拿大成员。

• Its medical and biomedical research, and its work in neuroscience, have given it a high reputation in the health sciences.学校的医学与生物医学研究以及在神经科学方面的工作，使其在健康科学领域享有很高声誉。

• Its per-student endowment is among the highest in Canada, and its graduates are prominent in Canadian public life, the professions and business.其学生人均捐赠规模在加拿大名列前茅，毕业生在加拿大公共生活、专业界与商界颇具影响。

• McGill has been described as one of the most international universities in Canada, with a very large proportion of students from outside Quebec and a substantial number from the United States, Europe and Asia.麦吉尔被认为是加拿大最国际化的大学之一，来自魁北克以外的学生比例很高，其中相当数量来自美国、欧洲与亚洲。

Student life

• The university motto, Grandescunt Aucta Labore, means by work all things increase and grow, and its legend adds the phrase In Domino Confido.学校校训意为「万物因实践而获得提升」，其铭文上另加有「我信赖主」一语。

• Students live in university residences and in the neighbourhoods around the downtown campus, and the university has a strong residential culture.学生住在学校宿舍以及本部校园周边的街区，学校拥有浓厚的住宿文化。

• The university has a very large number of clubs and societies, and its student newspapers are among the oldest in Canada.学校有非常多的俱乐部与社团，其学生报刊也是加拿大历史最悠久的之一。

• McGill is known for student activism, and its students have taken part in major public debates on Canadian politics, language and society.学校以学生活动活跃著称，学生曾参与多场有关加拿大政治、语言与社会的重大公共讨论。

• Sport is organised through the Redbirds and Martlets teams, which compete in Canadian university sport under the U Sports banner.体育事务由红人队与无足鸟队组织，以加拿大大学体育的名义参加全国高校赛事。

• Winter sports and outdoor activities are central to student life, and the university's ski club and outdoor club are among its largest organisations, making use of the nearby Laurentians.冬季运动与户外活动是学生生活的核心，其滑雪俱乐部与户外俱乐部是校内规模最大的社团之一，常前往附近的劳伦琴山区活动。

• The downtown campus sits between Mount Royal and the commercial centre of Montreal, giving students access to the city's cultural life and its bilingual character.本部校园位于皇家山与蒙特利尔商业中心之间，学生可以接触到这座城市的文化生活与双语氛围。

• The Macdonald campus offers programmes in the agricultural and environmental sciences along with its own student residences and facilities.麦克唐纳校区开设农业与环境科学类课程，并配有自身的宿舍与设施。

• Student government, faculty associations and residence councils give students a formal role in the governance of the university, and the students' society runs services, clubs and campus events.学生自治组织、各学院学生协会与宿舍委员会使学生得以在大学治理中发挥正式作用，学生会则负责服务、社团与校园活动。

Notable people

• James McGill's bequest created the college, and George Mountain, the first principal, guided it in its earliest years.詹姆士·麦吉尔的遗赠促成了学院的创办，首任校长乔治·蒙顿则在最初年代主持校务。

• Ernest Rutherford carried out his early work on radioactivity at McGill and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.欧内斯特·卢瑟福在麦吉尔完成了其放射性的早期研究，并于 1908 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。

• Frederick Soddy worked with Rutherford at McGill on radioactive decay and shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921.弗雷德里克·索迪与卢瑟福在麦吉尔共同研究放射性衰变，并于 1921 年分享诺贝尔化学奖。

• William Osler, one of the founders of modern medical education, taught at McGill and helped shape its medical faculty.现代医学教育的奠基人之一威廉·奥斯勒曾在麦吉尔任教，并参与塑造其医学院。

• Wilder Penfield founded the Montreal Neurological Institute and made major contributions to the surgical treatment of epilepsy.怀尔德·彭菲尔德创办了蒙特利尔神经学研究所，并为癫痫的外科治疗做出了重大贡献。

• The philosopher Charles Taylor, a leading thinker on identity and modernity, is among the university's graduates and former teachers.在认同与现代性问题上颇具影响的思想家查尔斯·泰勒，是学校的毕业生与前任教师之一。

• Two governors-general, three prime ministers and fourteen Supreme Court justices were educated at McGill, along with numerous federal and provincial ministers.两位总督、三位总理与十四位最高法院大法官曾在麦吉尔受教育，此外还有众多联邦与省级部长。

• The physician and politician John Abbott, a prime minister of Canada, was a McGill graduate and later served as its chancellor.医生兼政治家、加拿大总理约翰·阿博特是麦吉尔毕业生，后来还担任过该校的校监。

• Its graduates have led Canadian universities, hospitals and research institutes, and a large number hold chairs in Canadian and American universities.其毕业生领导了加拿大的大学、医院与研究机构，许多人在加拿大与美国的高校担任讲席教授。

• The university's medical alumni practise across Canada and the United States, and many of its science graduates work in Canadian industry and government laboratories.学校的医学类校友在加拿大与美国各地行医，许多理科毕业生则在加拿大产业界与政府实验室工作。