Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science

The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science is a private graduate-only research university based in Rochester, Minnesota, and the academic arm of the Mayo Clinic medical centre.梅奥诊所医学院是位于美国明尼苏达州罗切斯特的私立研究生院型研究型大学，也是妙佑医疗国际（梅奥诊所）医疗中心的学术分支。

It trains physicians, scientists and allied health professionals through five schools that award the M.D., the Ph.D. and other degrees as well as residencies, fellowships and continuing medical education.该校通过五个学院培养医生、科学家与相关卫生专业人员，授予医学博士、哲学博士等学位，并提供住院医师培训、专科进修与继续医学教育。

It placed in the 101-150 band, a tied band, of the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026, did not enter the Times Higher Education ranking for 2027 and did not enter the U.S. News global ranking for 2026-2027 or the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中处于第 101-150 名区间（并列区间），未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未进入 2026 至 2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单与 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名。

History

• The college descends from the Mayo Clinic, which was founded in Rochester in 1864 and grew from a family practice into an integrated group practice and academic medical centre, and its name honours the Mayo family rather than a single founder.该学院源自 1864 年在罗切斯特创办的梅奥诊所，后者由家庭诊所发展为一体化集团诊疗与学术医疗中心，学院之名纪念的是梅奥家族而非某一位创办人。
• William Worrall Mayo emigrated from England to the United States in 1846 and began practising medicine in 1850.威廉·沃勒尔·梅奥 1846 年从英国移居美国，1850 年开始行医。
• His son William James Mayo graduated from the University of Michigan medical school in 1883 and joined the practice, and his second son Charles Horace Mayo graduated from Northwestern University's Chicago medical school in 1888 and followed.其长子威廉·詹姆斯·梅奥 1883 年毕业于密歇根大学医学院并加入诊所，次子查尔斯·霍勒斯·梅奥 1888 年毕业于西北大学芝加哥医学院后也加入其中。
• In 1883 a tornado struck Rochester and left many dead and injured, and William Mayo treated the survivors, an episode that pushed the practice toward organised hospital care.1883 年一场龙卷风袭击罗切斯特，造成大量伤亡，威廉·梅奥救治幸存者，这一事件推动诊所走向有组织的医院式照护。
• In 1889 the Mayos partnered with the Sisters of Saint Francis to open Saint Mary's Hospital with 27 beds, a hospital that now has 1,157 beds.1889 年，梅奥家族与圣方济各修女会合作开办拥有 27 张病床的圣玛丽医院，该院如今拥有 1157 张病床。
• Henry Stanley Plummer joined William Mayo in 1901 and helped shape the integrated group practice and the buildings that housed it.亨利·斯坦利·普拉默 1901 年加入威廉·梅奥的团队，参与塑造了一体化集团诊疗模式及其所在建筑。
• The Mayo brothers helped the University of Minnesota establish its medical school, and William James Mayo served as a Regent of the university while Charles Horace Mayo was a professor of surgery there.梅奥兄弟曾协助明尼苏达大学建立医学院，威廉·詹姆斯·梅奥担任该校校董，查尔斯·霍勒斯·梅奥则是该校外科教授。
• The first medical educational programmes at the Mayo Clinic were developed in 1915 with the assistance of the University of Minnesota, beginning the clinic's long record in postgraduate education.梅奥诊所最早一批医学教育项目于 1915 年在明尼苏达大学协助下开设，由此开启其漫长的毕业后教育传统。
• In its early years the clinic operated as a for-profit hospital and could not affiliate formally with the university, which limited the degrees it could offer.早年诊所作为营利性医院运营，无法与大学正式建立隶属关系，这限制了它可以授予的学位。
• That obstacle led to the creation in 1915 of the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, established as a department of the University of Minnesota, and its name still appears in the foundation that oversees the college's research and education mission.这一障碍促成了 1915 年梅奥医学教育与研究基金会的设立，该基金会作为明尼苏达大学的一个系存在，其名称至今仍见于主管学院科研与教育使命的基金会。
• A donation of 1.5 million dollars funded graduate programmes at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester under that arrangement.在这一安排下，一笔 150 万美元的捐赠为罗切斯特梅奥诊所的研究生项目提供了资金。
• At the same time the Mayo brothers created the Mayo Properties Association, which converted the clinic into a non-profit association practice and later became the Mayo Foundation.与此同时，梅奥兄弟创立了梅奥财产协会，把诊所转为非营利性的协会制执业机构，该协会后来演变为梅奥基金会。
• These steps produced an affiliation and teaching agreement between the university and the clinic, and the curriculum of the period concentrated on producing medical specialists as medicine professionalised.这些举措促成了大学与诊所之间的隶属与教学协议，当时的课程也集中培养医学专科医生，以回应医学日益专业化的趋势。
• The Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education was established in 1915, the Alix School of Medicine in 1972, the School of Health Sciences in 1973, the School of Continuous Professional Development in 1977 and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences in 1989.梅奥诊所毕业后医学教育学院设于 1915 年，阿利克斯医学院设于 1972 年，健康科学学院设于 1973 年，继续职业发展学院设于 1977 年，生物医学研究生院则设于 1989 年。
• The M.D.-Ph.D. programme was established in 1986 and has been continuously funded by a National Institutes of Health Medical Scientist Training Program grant since 2003.医学博士与博士联合项目设于 1986 年，自 2003 年起持续获得美国国立卫生研究院医学科学家培训计划的资助。
• The college's parent, the Mayo Clinic, has treated several heads of state and writers, among them presidents John F. Kennedy, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.学院的母体妙佑医疗国际曾诊治多位国家元首与作家，其中包括美国总统约翰·肯尼迪、杰拉尔德·福特、罗纳德·里根与乔治·H·W·布什。
• Other patients of the parent clinic have included King Hussein of Jordan, President Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan of the United Arab Emirates and the novelist Ernest Hemingway.这家母体机构的其他病人还包括约旦国王侯赛因、阿联酋总统扎耶德·本·苏尔坦·阿勒纳哈扬以及小说家欧内斯特·海明威。
• Mayo Clinic extended its international presence through a 2015 joint venture in China and opened a representative office in Shanghai in June 2024.妙佑医疗国际通过 2015 年在中国的合资公司拓展国际业务，并于 2024 年 6 月在上海设立代表处。
• The college itself remains the academic body within that wider clinical system, and its history is the history of how Mayo turned clinical practice into a teaching enterprise that now spans three states.学院本身始终是这一庞大临床体系中的学术机构，它的历史就是梅奥把临床实践转化为教学事业的历史，这一事业如今横跨三个州。
• William James Mayo and Charles Horace Mayo both died in 1939, after a career in which they turned a family surgical practice into a teaching clinic with a national reputation.威廉·詹姆斯·梅奥与查尔斯·霍勒斯·梅奥均于 1939 年去世，他们生前把一家家族外科诊所变成了具有全国声望的教学型医疗机构。
• The college's own medical school was established in 1972 as the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, ending the period in which its degrees came only through the University of Minnesota.学院自办的医学院于 1972 年设立，定名为梅奥诊所阿利克斯医学院，从而结束了只能通过明尼苏达大学授予学位的阶段。
• As context for the college's clinical base, the parent clinic reported an operating profit of 707 million dollars on revenue of 12 billion dollars in 2017, with its operating margin rising from 4.3 to 5.9 percent.作为学院临床基础的背景，母体机构 2017 年营收 120 亿美元、营业利润 7.07 亿美元，营业利润率由 4.3% 升至 5.9%。
• In 2004 the same clinical system recorded revenue of 5.6 billion dollars, 510,000 new patients, two million outpatient visits and 130,000 hospital admissions.2004 年，这一临床体系录得 56 亿美元营收、51 万新病人、200 万人次门诊与 13 万人次入院。

Academics

• The college is divided into five schools: graduate medical education, medicine, health sciences, continuous professional development and biomedical sciences.该学院分为五个学院，即毕业后医学教育、医学、健康科学、继续职业发展与生物医学科学。
• It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and is part of the Mayo Clinic academic medical centre.学院获得美国高等教育委员会认证，并隶属于妙佑医疗国际学术医疗中心。
• The Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, established in 1915, offers more than 300 residencies and fellowships across all medical and surgical specialties and counts 1,791 active trainees.梅奥诊所毕业后医学教育学院设于 1915 年，在全部医学与外科专科中提供 300 多个住院医师与专科进修项目，现有 1791 名在训人员。
• The Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, established in 1972, offers the M.D., an M.D.-Ph.D. jointly with the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and an M.D.-O.M.S. jointly with graduate medical education.梅奥诊所阿利克斯医学院设于 1972 年，开设医学博士、与生物医学研究生院合办的医学博士与博士联合学位，以及与毕业后医学教育合办的医学博士与口腔颌面外科联合学位。
• The Mayo Clinic School of Health Sciences, established in 1973, runs more than 110 programmes, internships and rotations for 50 allied health professions.梅奥诊所健康科学学院设于 1973 年，为 50 个相关卫生专业开设 110 多个项目、实习与轮转。
• The Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, established in 1977, offers more than 500 courses, and in 2019 more than 84,000 medical professionals enrolled in them.梅奥诊所继续职业发展学院设于 1977 年，开设 500 多门课程，2019 年有 8.4 万多名医学专业人员报名参加。
• The Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, established in 1989, offers master's, Ph.D. and joint M.D.-Ph.D. degrees in the biomedical sciences.梅奥诊所生物医学研究生院设于 1989 年，在生物医学领域开设硕士、博士以及医学博士与博士联合学位。
• The collegiate structure lets students combine advanced training across the Mayo Clinic rather than being confined to a single school.这种学院制结构使学生能够在妙佑医疗国际内部组合不同类型的进阶训练，而不必局限于单一学院。
• The M.D.-Ph.D. programme runs on a 2-4-2 model, with students earning their Ph.D. between the second and third years of medical school.医学博士与博士联合项目采用 2-4-2 模式，学生在医学院第二年与第三年之间完成博士阶段。
• MSTP students may take or test out of several graduate classes during the first two medical years, and they may complete third-year clinical clerkships during their graduate years when their research schedule allows.医学科学家培训计划的学生可在医学院前两年修读或免修若干研究生课程，并可在研究进度允许时于博士阶段完成第三年临床见习。
• Students who focus exclusively on research during the graduate phase receive a re-entry curriculum before returning to the third medical year.在博士阶段专注研究的学生，在回到医学院第三年之前会接受一套衔接课程。
• The MSTP guarantees an internal fellowship for up to four research years, so students do not need to find a faculty member to fund their doctoral work.该培训计划保证提供最长四年的内部奖学金，学生无需自行寻找教师为其博士研究出资。
• The Center for Clinical and Translational Science offers an M.D.-M.S. dual degree through the Alix School and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.临床与转化科学中心通过阿利克斯医学院与生物医学研究生院开设医学博士与理学硕士双学位。
• That M.D.-M.S. programme is open to medical students at the Alix School and at the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, with competitive awards covering fees, a stipend and research expenses.该双学位项目向阿利克斯医学院与波多黎各大学医学院的医学生开放，并通过竞争性资助覆盖项目费用、生活津贴与研究开支。
• The oral and maxillofacial surgery residency is a six-year joint offering in which dentists earn their M.D. during surgical training.口腔颌面外科住院医师项目是为期六年的联合项目，牙科医生在外科训练期间同时取得医学博士学位。
• Clinical training takes place across the Mayo Clinic hospital and clinic sites in Minnesota, Arizona and Florida rather than on a single teaching campus.临床训练在明尼苏达、亚利桑那与佛罗里达的妙佑医疗国际医院及门诊站点进行，而非集中在单一教学园区。
• The curriculum has historically aimed at producing specialists, a focus that dates from the professionalisation of American medicine in the early twentieth century.课程历来以培养专科医生为目标，这一取向可追溯到 20 世纪初美国医学的专业化进程。
• Continuing medical education extends the college's teaching to practising physicians and other health professionals long after their formal training.继续医学教育把学院的教学延伸到正式训练结束多年的执业医生与其他卫生专业人员。
• Graduate training in the biomedical sciences is conducted in laboratories associated with the clinic's research programmes and its cancer centre.生物医学研究生训练在与诊所研究项目及其癌症中心相关联的实验室中开展。

Campus

• The college is based in Rochester, Minnesota, where the Mayo Clinic began and where its largest hospital campuses stand.学院本部设在明尼苏达州罗切斯特，这里既是妙佑医疗国际的起点，也是其最大医院园区所在地。
• Additional campuses are in Phoenix and Scottsdale, Arizona, known as Mayo Clinic Arizona, and in Jacksonville, Florida, known as Mayo Clinic Florida.其他校区位于亚利桑那州凤凰城与斯科茨代尔，称妙佑医疗国际亚利桑那院区，以及佛罗里达州杰克逊维尔，称妙佑医疗国际佛罗里达院区。
• The Rochester campus includes the Gonda Building, the Mayo Building and the Plummer Building, whose names recur across the clinic's clinical and educational facilities.罗切斯特校区包括贡达楼、梅奥楼与普拉默楼，这些名字在诊所的临床与教学设施中反复出现。
• The Gonda Building contains the Grand Staircase, one of the most recognisable interior spaces on the Rochester campus.贡达楼内设有大楼梯，是罗切斯特校区最具辨识度的室内空间之一。
• Mayo Clinic Hospital in Rochester operates the Saint Marys Campus and the Methodist Campus, both used for clinical teaching.罗切斯特的妙佑医疗国际医院设有圣玛丽院区与卫理公会院区，两者都承担临床教学。
• Saint Mary's Hospital opened in 1889 with 27 beds and has grown to 1,157 beds, making it the historical core of the Rochester clinical campus.圣玛丽医院 1889 年开业时仅有 27 张病床，如今已增至 1157 张，构成罗切斯特临床校区的历史核心。
• The Mayo Clinic Cancer Center is one of the clinical and research units in which students and residents train.妙佑医疗国际癌症中心是学生与住院医师接受训练的临床与研究单位之一。
• Because the three campuses sit in different states, trainees can move between them for specialties that are concentrated at one site.由于三个校区位于不同州，受训者可以针对集中在某一站点的专科在三地之间流动。
• The college has no separate undergraduate campus: its buildings are embedded in working hospitals and research buildings of the parent clinic.学院没有独立的本科校园，其教学空间嵌入母体机构正在运营的医院与研究楼之中。
• Rochester remains the seat of the college's administration and of the Mayo Foundation that created its graduate programmes.罗切斯特仍是学院行政机构以及创设其研究生项目的梅奥基金会的所在地。

Reputation

• Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science placed in the 101-150 band, a tied band, of the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026.梅奥诊所医学院在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中处于第 101-150 名区间（并列区间）。
• It did not enter the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名。
• It did not enter the U.S. News global universities ranking for 2026-2027, which is a university ranking and not the hospital rankings in which the Mayo Clinic appears.该校未进入 2026 至 2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单；该榜是大学排名，与妙佑医疗国际所参与的医院榜单并非同一体系。
• It did not enter the QS World University Rankings 2027, a table that assesses multi-faculty universities rather than graduate medical schools.该校未进入 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名；该榜评估的是多学科大学，而非研究生层次的医学院。
• The college's standing rests on its long record in postgraduate medical education, which began with the 1915 programmes run with the University of Minnesota.学院的声望建立在其漫长的毕业后医学教育传统之上，这一传统始于 1915 年与明尼苏达大学合办的项目。
• Its scale is unusual for a graduate-only institution: 1,791 active trainees in graduate medical education and more than 84,000 continuing-education enrolments in 2019.对一所纯研究生机构而言，其规模相当可观：毕业后医学教育有 1791 名在训人员，2019 年继续教育报名超过 8.4 万人次。
• The five schools together cover physician training, biomedical research, allied health and lifelong learning, which is broader than the medical school alone.五个学院合起来覆盖医生培养、生物医学研究、相关卫生专业与终身学习，范围远大于单一医学院。
• Accreditation by the Higher Learning Commission and membership of the Mayo Clinic academic medical centre are the formal marks of its academic standing.美国高等教育委员会的认证以及作为妙佑医疗国际学术医疗中心成员的身份，是其学术地位的正式标志。
• The parent clinic pays its physicians salaries that do not depend on patient volume and benchmarks them against comparable large medical groups, a compensation model that underpins its team practice.母体机构向医生支付不随接诊量浮动的薪金，并以可比的大型医疗集团为基准，这一薪酬模式支撑了其团队诊疗。

Student life

• Students are graduate and professional trainees, since the college admits no undergraduates.由于不招收本科生，该校学生全部为研究生与专业受训人员。
• The 1,791 active trainees in graduate medical education work as residents and fellows in the clinics and hospitals of the parent system.毕业后医学教育的 1791 名在训人员以住院医师与专科医师身份在母体体系的门诊与医院工作。
• M.D.-Ph.D. students spend two years in medical school, four in doctoral research and two in clinical training, with a guaranteed fellowship for the research years.医学博士与博士联合项目的学生先在医学院学习两年，再从事四年博士研究，最后两年回到临床训练，研究阶段享有保证性奖学金。
• Oral and maxillofacial surgery residents spend six years combining surgical training with the M.D. degree.口腔颌面外科住院医师用六年时间把外科训练与医学博士学位结合起来。
• Continuing-education courses bring more than 80,000 practising professionals to the college's programmes in a typical recent year.在近年的一般年份里，继续教育课程把 8 万多名执业专业人员带入学院的项目。
• Trainees rotate through hospitals in Rochester, Phoenix, Scottsdale and Jacksonville, so their daily routine follows the parent clinic's three-state footprint.受训者在罗切斯特、凤凰城、斯科茨代尔与杰克逊维尔的医院之间轮转，日常安排随母体机构的三州布局展开。
• Rochester's Saint Marys and Methodist campuses and the cancer centre serve as the main clinical classrooms for residents and medical students.罗切斯特的圣玛丽院区、卫理公会院区与癌症中心是住院医师与医学生的主要临床课堂。
• Because teaching happens inside working hospitals, student life is organised around clinical shifts and laboratory schedules rather than a residential campus.由于教学就在运营中的医院里进行，学生生活围绕临床班次与实验室日程展开，而非围绕住宿式校园。

Notable people

• William Worrall Mayo, who emigrated from England in 1846 and began practice in 1850, was the patriarch whose practice became the Mayo Clinic.威廉·沃勒尔·梅奥 1846 年从英国移居美国并于 1850 年开始行医，其诊所后来发展为妙佑医疗国际。
• William James Mayo, his elder son, graduated from the University of Michigan in 1883, joined the practice and later served as a Regent of the University of Minnesota.其长子威廉·詹姆斯·梅奥 1883 年毕业于密歇根大学，加入诊所，后来担任明尼苏达大学校董。
• Charles Horace Mayo, his younger son, graduated from Northwestern University's Chicago medical school in 1888 and became professor of surgery at the University of Minnesota.其次子查尔斯·霍勒斯·梅奥 1888 年毕业于西北大学芝加哥医学院，后来成为明尼苏达大学外科教授。
• Henry Stanley Plummer, who joined in 1901, shaped the integrated group practice and the campus buildings that made Mayo a model for group medicine.1901 年加入的亨利·斯坦利·普拉默塑造了一体化集团诊疗模式及其校园建筑，使梅奥成为集团医学的范本。
• Presidents John F. Kennedy, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush were treated at the parent Mayo Clinic but were not students or faculty of the college.美国总统约翰·肯尼迪、杰拉尔德·福特、罗纳德·里根与乔治·H·W·布什都曾在母体妙佑医疗国际就诊，但他们并非该学院的学生或教师。
• King Hussein of Jordan and President Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan of the United Arab Emirates were also patients of the parent clinic rather than alumni of the college.约旦国王侯赛因与阿联酋总统扎耶德·本·苏尔坦·阿勒纳哈扬同样是母体机构的病人，而非该学院校友。
• Ernest Hemingway, the novelist, was treated at the parent clinic, an association with the hospital system rather than with the college's degree programmes.小说家欧内斯特·海明威曾在母体机构接受治疗，这一关联属于医院体系，而非学院的学位项目。