Masaryk University

Masaryk University (Czech: Masarykova univerzita, abbreviated MUNI) is a public research university in Brno and the second-largest higher-education institution in the Czech Republic, founded on 28 January 1919 and named after Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the first president of Czechoslovakia.马萨里克大学（捷克文 Masarykova univerzita，简称 MUNI）是一所位于布尔诺的公立研究型大学，也是捷克共和国第二大的高等教育机构，创建于 1919 年 1 月 28 日，以捷克斯洛伐克首任总统托马斯·加里格·马萨里克命名。

It is organised into ten faculties, offers roughly 400 degree programmes and enrols about 30,500 students, and it is a member of the Compostela Group of Universities and the Utrecht Network.该校下设十个学院，开设约 400 个学位项目，在读学生约 30,500 名，并且是孔波斯特拉大学集团与乌得勒支网络的成员。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Masaryk University is placed 454th, and the bibliometric database OpenAlex credits it with 58,941 research works and 2,451,954 citations.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，马萨里克大学位列第 454；文献计量数据库 OpenAlex 统计其研究成果 58,941 项、被引用 2,451,954 次。

History

• Masaryk University was established by law on 28 January 1919, only weeks after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, as the second Czech-language university in the lands of the former empire.马萨里克大学于 1919 年 1 月 28 日依法创立，此时奥匈帝国解体仅数周，它是旧帝国疆域内的第二所捷克语大学。

• Its four founding faculties were Law, Medicine, Science and Arts, and the philosopher Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, then a professor at Charles University and later the first president of Czechoslovakia, had pressed for a second Czech university since the 1880s.其最初设立的四所学院为法学院、医学院、理学院与文学院；时任查理大学教授、后来成为捷克斯洛伐克首任总统的哲学家托马斯·加里格·马萨里克自十九世纪八十年代起便呼吁创办第二所捷克大学。

• Brno was a bilingual city whose German-controlled council long feared ceding influence to its Czech residents, and a large demonstration in favour of founding a university there took place in 1905.布尔诺是一座双语城市，由德意志人主导的市议会长期担心向捷克居民让渡影响力；1905 年当地举行了一场支持创办大学的大规模示威。

• The young university suffered from a chronic shortage of money, and the fragile public finances of 1923-1925 and 1933-1934 produced proposals to abolish both the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Science.这所年轻的大学长期经费短缺；1923 至 1925 年以及 1933 至 1934 年脆弱的公共财政，甚至催生了撤销文学院与理学院的提议。

• On 17 November 1939 the entire university was closed following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, and many of its professors were executed or tortured, with the Faculty of Science losing one quarter of its teaching staff.1939 年 11 月 17 日，在德国占领捷克斯洛伐克之后，整所大学被关闭，众多教授遭到处决或酷刑，理学院失去了四分之一的教师。

• Numerous executions of Masaryk University teachers took place in the Mauthausen concentration camp in 1942.1942 年，马萨里克大学的多名教师于毛特豪森集中营被处决。

• After the Second World War the renewal of university life was cut short by the Communist takeover, and the percentage of students expelled ranged from 5 per cent at the Faculty of Education to 46 per cent at the Faculty of Law.第二次世界大战后，大学的重建被共产党接管打断，各学院被开除学生的比例从教育学院 5% 到法学院 46% 不等。

• The Faculty of Law was completely closed in 1950, and the Faculty of Education, founded in 1946, was separated from the university in 1953.法学院于 1950 年被彻底关闭；1946 年成立的教育学院则于 1953 年从大学中分离出去。

• In August 1960 a government decree abolished the Pharmaceutical Faculty and renamed the institution Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Brno, after the Czech biologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně.1960 年 8 月，一项政府法令撤销了药学院，并以捷克生物学家扬·埃万杰利斯塔·普尔基涅之名将学校更名为布尔诺扬·埃万杰利斯塔·普尔基涅大学。

• Relaxation came in 1964 with the reintegration of the Faculty of Education and in 1969 with the reopening of the Faculty of Law.1964 年教育学院重新并入大学，1969 年法学院重新开放，局势一度缓和。

• Conditions worsened again during the Normalization of the 1970s that followed the 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact troops.1968 年华约军队入侵捷克斯洛伐克之后，二十世纪七十年代的「正常化」时期使处境再度恶化。

• After the Velvet Revolution of 1989 the university was renamed Masaryk University in Brno in 1990, and in 2006 the reference to Brno was dropped so that it regained its original title.1989 年天鹅绒革命之后，该校于 1990 年更名为布尔诺马萨里克大学；2006 年又去掉名称中的布尔诺，恢复了最初的校名。

• A new phase of growth began with the establishment of the Faculty of Economics and Administration in 1990, the Faculty of Informatics in 1994, the Faculty of Social Studies in 1998 and the Faculty of Sports Studies in 2002.新的扩张阶段随院系增设而开启：经济与行政学院于 1990 年成立，信息学院于 1994 年成立，社会科学学院于 1998 年成立，体育研究学院于 2002 年成立。

• Construction of the University Campus in the Brno-Bohunice district started in 2002, and the site now houses most of the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Sports Studies and part of the Faculty of Science.位于布尔诺博胡尼采区的大学校园自 2002 年起动工，如今该地容纳了医学院的大部分、体育研究学院以及理学院的一部分。

• Two faculties in Silesia, the Faculty of Arts in Opava and the Faculty of Business and Entrepreneurship in Karviná, belonged to Masaryk University from 1990 to 1991 before they helped to form the Silesian University in Opava.西里西亚的两所学院——俄帕瓦文学院与卡尔维纳商业与创业学院——曾在 1990 至 1991 年间隶属马萨里克大学，随后成为俄帕瓦西里西亚大学的基础院校。

• From 1 March 1999 the university has run its studies through the self-developed Masaryk University Information System, and that work earned it the European EUNIS Elite Award in 2005.自 1999 年 3 月 1 日起，该校以自主研发的马萨里克大学信息系统管理教学事务，并因此在 2005 年荣获欧洲 EUNIS Elite Award 奖项。

• In 2013 the university signed a long-term lease with the city of Brno and turned the eighty-year-old Scala cinema, closed in 2011, into the University Cinema Scala.2013 年，该校与布尔诺市签署长期租约，把 2011 年停业的、拥有八十余年历史的斯卡拉影院改造为大学斯卡拉影院。

• The Faculty of Pharmacy, which had existed only from 1952 to 1960, was reestablished and reintegrated into Masaryk University in 2020.仅于 1952 至 1960 年间存在的药学院，在 2020 年重建并重新并入马萨里克大学。

• Masaryk University celebrated its centenary in 2019, and it prepared for that anniversary with a new visual identity and a series of publications on its scientific and institutional history.马萨里克大学于 2019 年迎来百年校庆，并为此启用了全新的视觉形象，出版了一系列记述其科研与机构历史的出版物。

• Martin Bareš, a neurologist, took office as the 34th rector of Masaryk University on 1 September 2019, succeeding Mikuláš Bek, whose second term had ended that summer.神经学家马丁·巴雷什于 2019 年 9 月 1 日就任马萨里克大学第 34 任校长，接替当年夏天结束第二任期的米库拉什·贝克。

• After the Russian invasion of Ukraine the university opened an additional admission period, running from 15 April to 31 May 2022, for Ukrainian citizens living in the Czech Republic under temporary protection.俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后，该校为在捷克共和国依临时保护制度居留的乌克兰公民增设了一个申请期，自 2022 年 4 月 15 日起至 5 月 31 日止。

Academics

• Masaryk University is divided into ten faculties, namely the faculties of Law, Medicine, Science, Arts, Education, Pharmacy, Economics and Administration, Informatics, Social Studies and Sports Studies.马萨里克大学分为十个学院，即法学院、医学院、理学院、文学院、教育学院、药学院、经济与行政学院、信息学院、社会科学学院与体育研究学院。

• The Faculty of Law occupies a building on Veveří Street that was originally intended for the university campus and offers a five-year master's programme in law with eleven specialisations in Czech and four in English.法学院位于韦韦日街一栋原拟作大学校舍的建筑内，开设五年制法律硕士项目，提供 11 个捷克语与 4 个英语专业方向。

• The Faculty of Arts, the largest Czech faculty of its kind, is based on Arne Novák Street and covers languages, literature, history, philosophy, psychology and the arts.文学院是捷克同类学院中规模最大者，位于阿尔内·诺瓦卡街，涵盖语言、文学、历史、哲学、心理学与艺术各领域。

• The Faculty of Science, founded with the university in 1919, teaches biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, geography, anthropology and geology, and it has expanded onto the Bohunice campus.理学院与大学同在 1919 年创立，教授生物、化学、物理、数学、地理、人类学与地质学，并已扩展到博胡尼采校园。

• The Faculty of Informatics was created in 1994 by separating the informatics department from the Faculty of Science and is located on Botanická Street.信息学院于 1994 年由理学院信息学系独立而成，坐落在植物园街。

• The Faculty of Economics and Administration, established in 1990, is based on Lipová Street in Brno-Pisárky and covers economics, financial business, management and public administration.经济与行政学院成立于 1990 年，位于布尔诺皮萨尔基的利波娃街，涵盖经济学、金融商务、管理以及公共行政。

• The Faculty of Social Studies became independent from the Faculty of Arts in 1998, focuses on sociology, psychology and political science, and sits on Joštova Street.社会科学学院于 1998 年从文学院独立出来，专注社会学、心理学与政治学，位于约什托瓦街。

• The Faculty of Sports Studies, the youngest faculty, was founded in 2002 and is located on the Bohunice campus, where it runs departments of athletics, swimming, kinesiology and sports management.体育研究学院是最年轻的学院，成立于 2002 年，位于博胡尼采校园，设有田径、游泳、运动机能学与体育管理等学系。

• The Faculty of Medicine offers a six-year general medicine programme and a five-year dentistry programme and works with the University Hospital Brno.医学院提供六年制普通医学项目与五年制牙医学项目，并与布尔诺大学医院开展合作。

• As of 2014 Masaryk University had more than 35,000 students and over 2,200 academic staff, and it offered more than 200 bachelor, 290 master's and 130 doctoral full-time programmes.截至 2014 年，马萨里克大学拥有逾 35,000 名学生与 2,200 余名教学人员，开设 200 多个学士、290 个硕士与 130 个全日制博士项目。

• In the 2012/13 academic year the university hosted more than 1,000 international students, and the Teiresiás centre supports students with special needs.2012 至 2013 学年，该校接待了 1,000 余名国际学生；泰瑞西亚斯中心则为有特殊需要的学生提供支持。

• Masaryk University participates in CEITEC, the Central European Institute of Technology, a research centre for basic and applied research in the life sciences.马萨里克大学参与中欧科技研究所（CEITEC），这是一家从事生命科学基础与应用研究的研究中心。

• The university owns and operates the Mendel Polar Station in Antarctica, built in 2005 and 2006, which supports biological, geological and climatological research.该校拥有并运营南极孟德尔极地站，该站建于 2005 与 2006 年，支持生物学、地质学与气候学研究。

• The Technology Transfer Office, established in 2005, works to put research results into practice and to foster cooperation between the scientific community and industry.技术转移办公室成立于 2005 年，致力于将研究成果付诸实践，并促进科学界与工业界的合作。

• The Grant Agency of Masaryk University, known as GAMU, funds students, researchers and research teams across all stages of their careers through schemes such as MASH and CAREER RESTART.马萨里克大学资助机构（GAMU）通过 MASH、CAREER RESTART 等项目，为处于各个职业阶段的学生、研究人员与研究团队提供资助。

• Masaryk University holds an international scientific advisory board, the ISAB, whose first meeting took place on 17 and 18 October 2016 and which advises the university on its research strategy.马萨里克大学设有国际科学咨询委员会（ISAB），其首次会议于 2016 年 10 月 17 日至 18 日举行，为该校的科研战略提供咨询。

Campus

• The buildings of Masaryk University are scattered across Brno rather than gathered into a single walled campus, occupying sites in the city centre and in the Bohunice, Pisárky and Žabovřesky districts.马萨里克大学的建筑并非集中于单一封闭校园，而是散布在布尔诺各处，分布于市中心以及博胡尼采、皮萨尔基与扎博夫雷斯基等城区。

• The University Campus in Brno-Bohunice, at Kamenice 5, is the main modern complex and contains the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Sports Studies and several research facilities.位于布尔诺博胡尼采卡梅尼采街 5 号的大学校园是主要的现代建筑群，容纳了医学院、体育研究学院以及若干研究设施。

• The Bohunice campus building programme began in 2002, and its later stages, including a simulation centre for medical teaching, were completed in the 2010s and 2020s.博胡尼采校园的建设工程自 2002 年启动，其后期阶段——包括用于医学教学的模拟中心——在二十一世纪一十年代与二十年代相继落成。

• The Faculty of Medicine moved to the Bohunice campus in 2010, where its buildings stand next to the University Hospital Brno.医学院于 2010 年迁至博胡尼采校园，其建筑与布尔诺大学医院相邻。

• The Mendel Museum occupies the Augustinian abbey in the old town of Brno, the place where Gregor Johann Mendel carried out his experiments on heredity, and it opened its exhibitions in 2007.孟德尔博物馆设于布尔诺旧城的奥古斯丁修道院，即格雷戈尔·约翰·孟德尔进行遗传学实验之地，其展览于 2007 年开放。

• The University Cinema Scala, leased from the city of Brno in 2013, was created from a film theatre with a tradition of over eighty years that had closed in 2011.大学斯卡拉影院由该校于 2013 年向布尔诺市租用，其前身是一家拥有八十余年传统、于 2011 年停业的电影院。

• The University Centre in Telč, housed in a former Jesuit college beside Zachariáš Square, serves teaching, conferences, accommodation and library functions and has been a listed cultural monument since 1973.泰尔奇大学中心位于扎哈里亚什广场旁一座前耶稣会学院内，承担教学、会议、住宿与图书馆等职能，自 1973 年起被列为文化遗产。

• The Kounicovy koleje halls of residence were built in Brno-Žabovřesky in 1923, and the university later added a women's hall and a student canteen in 1931.康尼科维宿舍于 1923 年在布尔诺扎博夫雷斯基建成，1931 年该校又增建了女生宿舍与学生食堂。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Masaryk University is placed 454th, which makes it one of the two highest-ranked universities in the Czech Republic.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，马萨里克大学位列第 454，是捷克共和国排名最高的两所大学之一。^[1]

• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings the university stands in the 601-650 band, and in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities it is placed 531st.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校处于 601 至 650 区间；在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 531。

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, published by ShanghaiRanking, Masaryk University falls in the 401-500 band.在软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，马萨里克大学处于 401 至 500 区间。

• According to OpenAlex the university has produced 58,941 research works that have attracted 2,451,954 citations.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校已产出 58,941 项研究成果，累计被引用 2,451,954 次。

• In the 2024 QS World University Rankings the university was ranked 408th in the world and second among Czech universities.在 2024 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列全球第 408，在捷克大学中排名第二。

• Masaryk University was ranked the most sustainable university in the Czech Republic in the QS World University Rankings: Sustainability published in December 2023.在 2023 年 12 月发布的 QS 世界大学可持续发展排名中，马萨里克大学被评为捷克共和国最具可持续性的大学。

• The university is among the most successful Czech institutions in winning European research grants and has hosted numerous projects under the Horizon 2020 framework programme.该校是获取欧洲科研经费最为成功的捷克机构之一，曾承担「地平线 2020」框架计划下的众多项目。

• Masaryk University has received grants from the European Research Council, and its researchers Marek Mráz and David Kosař won Neuron prizes for young scientists in 2018.马萨里克大学曾获得欧洲研究理事会资助，其研究人员马雷克·姆拉兹与大卫·科萨日在 2018 年获得 Neuron 青年科学家奖。

• Its Faculty of Informatics and its life-science institutes, including CEITEC, are among its best-known research units, and CEITEC accounts for about a third of the university's research output measured by the Nature Index.其信息学院与包括 CEITEC 在内的生命科学研究机构是最知名的研究单位；按《自然》指数衡量，CEITEC 约占该校科研产出的三分之一。

• The university is a member of the Utrecht Network, the Compostela Group of Universities, the European University Association and the International Association of Universities.该校是乌得勒支网络、孔波斯特拉大学集团、欧洲大学协会与国际大学协会的成员。

Student life

• Masaryk University does not use a formal Latin motto, and it instead defines its institutional values as freedom, responsibility and respect for rules.马萨里克大学没有正式的拉丁文校训，而是将其机构价值观界定为自由、责任与尊重规则。

• The academic year opens with a ceremony in Besední dům in Brno, and the university holds its Dies academicus in May.学年在布尔诺的贝塞德尼之家举行开学典礼中开启，该校每年五月举办大学日（Dies academicus）活动。

• The university recognises the events of 17 November through the Brno Seventeen programme, which links the city's universities to the student protests of 1939 and the Velvet Revolution of 1989.该校通过「布尔诺十七」活动纪念 11 月 17 日事件，把该市各大学与 1939 年的学生抗争及 1989 年的天鹅绒革命联系起来。

• More than fifty student societies were active at Masaryk University in 2018, ranging from student television and charity work to cultural events.2018 年，马萨里克大学有五十多个学生社团活跃，涵盖学生电视台、慈善工作与文化活动的广泛领域。

• Student media include the online magazine LeMUr and the journal Halas of the Faculty of Social Studies, while the university itself publishes the monthly magazine Muni.学生媒体包括在线杂志 LeMUr 与社会科学学院的刊物 Halas；该校自身则出版月刊 Muni。

• The mixed rowing crew of Masaryk University competes against the Brno University of Technology in the Osmy Brno race on the Svratka river.马萨里克大学的混合八人划艇队与布尔诺理工大学在斯夫拉特卡河上参加「布尔诺八人艇」比赛。

• The University Cinema Scala hosts film festivals and public lectures, including the annual Freedom Lecture held on International Students' Day.大学斯卡拉影院举办电影节与公开讲座，其中包括在国际学生日举行的年度自由讲座。

• The Masaryk International Medical Students Association, known as MIMSA, organises the annual Charity Week, which raised more than 80,000 Czech koruna for the Debra charity in 2018.马萨里克国际医学生协会（MIMSA）每年组织慈善周活动，2018 年为 Debra 慈善机构募集了逾 8 万捷克克朗。

Notable people

• Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, the philosopher and statesman who gave the university its name and campaigned for its foundation, became the first president of Czechoslovakia in 1918.为该大学命名并推动其创立的哲学家、政治家托马斯·加里格·马萨里克于 1918 年成为捷克斯洛伐克首任总统。

• Jan Evangelista Purkyně, the Czech biologist after whom the university was renamed in 1960, is remembered for his work on the physiology of vision and on human cells.1960 年该校以其名更名的捷克生物学家扬·埃万杰利斯塔·普尔基涅，因在视觉生理学与人体细胞方面的研究而为人铭记。

• Petr Fiala, a political scientist who has been Prime Minister of the Czech Republic since 2021, has been a professor at Masaryk University throughout his political career.自 2021 年起担任捷克共和国总理的政治学家彼得·菲亚拉，在其政治生涯期间一直担任马萨里克大学教授。

• Petr Nečas, who served as Prime Minister of the Czech Republic from 2010 to 2013, is a graduate of the university.2010 至 2013 年间担任捷克共和国总理的彼得·内恰斯毕业于该校。

• Jiří Grygar, a leading Czech astronomer and populariser of science, studied at Masaryk University.捷克著名天文学家与科普作家伊日·格里加尔曾就读于马萨里克大学。

• Luboš Kohoutek, an astronomer who discovered Comet Kohoutek in 1973, is an alumnus of the university.1973 年发现科胡特克彗星的天文学家卢博什·科胡特克是该校校友。

• Otakar Borůvka, the mathematician known for Borůvka's algorithm for minimum spanning trees, taught at Masaryk University.以最小生成树「博鲁夫卡算法」闻名的数学家奥塔卡尔·博鲁夫卡曾在马萨里克大学任教。

• Roman Jakobson, the linguist and literary theorist who helped to found the Prague linguistic circle, was a member of the university's academic staff.协助创立布拉格语言学会的语言学家与文学理论家罗曼·雅各布森曾是该校的学术人员。

• Eduard Čech, one of the founders of general topology and of Čech cohomology theory, was a professor at Masaryk University.一般拓扑学与切赫上同调理论的奠基人之一爱德华·切赫曾任马萨里克大学教授。

• Jan Skácel, one of the best-known Czech poets of the twentieth century, and the playwright Milan Uhde both studied at the university.二十世纪最知名的捷克诗人之一扬·斯卡采尔与剧作家米兰·乌赫德均曾就读于该校。