Marmara University

Marmara University (Turkish: Marmara Üniversitesi) is a public research university in Istanbul, Turkey, named after the Sea of Marmara, and its origins reach back to an Ottoman school of commerce founded in 1883.马尔马拉大学（土耳其语：Marmara Üniversitesi）是土耳其伊斯坦布尔的一所公立研究型大学，因马尔马拉海而得名，其渊源可追溯至 1883 年创办的一所奥斯曼商业学校。

Established as a university in 1982, it grew from the Hamidiye Ticaret Mekteb-i Âlisi and the İstanbul Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences, making it one of the oldest higher-education institutions in the country.该校于 1982 年正式成为大学，由哈米迪耶商学院与伊斯坦布尔经济与商业科学学院发展而来，是全国历史最悠久的高等学府之一。

With more than 70,000 students and nearly 3,000 teaching staff, it offers instruction in Turkish, English, French, German and Arabic, making it the only multilingual university in Turkey.该校有逾 70,000 名学生与近 3,000 名教学人员，以土耳其语、英语、法语、德语与阿拉伯语五种语言授课，是土耳其唯一的多语种大学。

History

• The institution traces its foundation to 16 January 1883, when the Hamidiye Ticaret Mekteb-i Âlisi, or Imperial School of Commerce, opened in the Cağaloğlu district of Istanbul in a house behind the girls' high school.该校的源头可追溯到 1883 年 1 月 16 日，哈米迪耶商学院（帝国商业学校）在伊斯坦布尔恰拉奥卢区一所女子高中背后的一处宅院中开办。
• At its foundation the school was attached to the Ottoman Ministry of Commerce, Agriculture, Forestry and Mining, and it was then the leading higher institution for the study of commerce and economics in the empire.建校之初，学校隶属于奥斯曼商业、农业、林业与矿业部，是当时帝国内研究商业与经济学的首要高等学府。
• The school awarded its first graduates, a class of thirteen students, in 1887, four years after it opened its doors in the Ottoman capital.该校于 1887 年送出其首届毕业生，共十三人，距其在奥斯曼首都开办已有四年。
• On 21 September 1889 the school was transferred to the Ministry of Education, beginning its long association with the state education system.1889 年 9 月 21 日，学校改隶教育部，由此开启其与国家教育体系的长期渊源。
• In 1890 the school moved to the Hakkı Bey Mansion in the Beyazıt quarter, which served as its home during the later Ottoman period.1890 年，学校迁往贝亚兹特街区的哈基·贝宅邸，这处宅邸在奥斯曼后期成为其校舍。
• In 1893 the institution was dissolved for reform and reorganisation, but it reopened on 15 October 1897 under the Ministry of Education and has operated without interruption since that date.1893 年该校为改革重组而一度撤销，但于 1897 年 10 月 15 日在教育部属下重新开办，此后不间断办学至今。
• In 1959 the institution was transformed into the İstanbul İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi, the Istanbul Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences, broadening its remit beyond commerce.1959 年，该校改组为伊斯坦布尔经济与商业科学学院，把办学范围从商科进一步拓宽。
• Through the early twentieth century the school had also been known as the Higher School of Commerce and Economics, a name it carried before its 1959 reorganisation.在二十世纪前期，该校还曾以「高等商业与经济学校」之名闻名，这一名称一直沿用到 1959 年改组之前。
• In 1982, under the higher-education reorganisation of that year, the academy became Marmara University, taking its present name and federal structure.1982 年，在该年的高等教育重组中，学院改组为马尔马拉大学，确立了如今的校名与建制。
• Marmara opened in the 1982-1983 academic year with nine faculties, one school and one institute, a modest base from which it expanded rapidly.马尔马拉大学在 1982-1983 学年开办时设有九个学院、一个学校与一个研究所，这正是其日后迅速扩张的起点。
• In 1981, the year before the university itself was created, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan graduated from the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, which had grown out of the old commercial academy.在马尔马拉大学成立前一年的 1981 年，雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安从经济与行政科学学院毕业，该学院正是由旧的商业学院发展而来。
• After 1982 the university grew rapidly, adding faculties, institutes, schools, vocational schools and research centres across the city of Istanbul.1982 年之后，该校迅速扩张，在伊斯坦布尔全市陆续增设学院、研究所、学校、职业学校与研究中心。
• Between the 2003-2004 and 2009-2010 academic years the university sent 1,097 students abroad through the Erasmus programme to 230 partner universities in 22 European countries.在 2003-2004 至 2009-2010 学年之间，该校经伊拉斯谟项目向欧洲 22 个国家的 230 所伙伴大学派出 1,097 名学生。
• Since 2006 Marmara has offered free intensive Turkish language courses for foreign students, a programme for which it received the European Language Label award.自 2006 年起，马尔马拉大学为外国学生开设免费土耳其语强化课程，并因此获得欧盟「欧洲语言标签」奖。
• In 2018 the university was placed in the 801-1000 band by Times Higher Education, reflecting its standing among Turkey's research universities.2018 年，该校被《泰晤士高等教育》列入第 801-1000 位区间，反映其作为土耳其研究型大学的地位。
• In the 2020s the university began consolidating several scattered faculties around a new complex in Maltepe on the Anatolian side of Istanbul.进入 2020 年代，该校开始把分散各处的若干学院向伊斯坦布尔安纳托利亚一侧马尔泰佩的新校区集中。
• Over more than a century the institution has evolved from a single commercial school into a large multi-campus university serving the whole of Istanbul.历经一个多世纪，该校已从一所单一商业学校发展为服务整个伊斯坦布尔的多校区大型大学。
• Its growth has been marked by the steady addition of faculties for medicine, dentistry, law, theology, communication, engineering and the arts.其发展历程体现为医学院、牙学院、法学院、神学院、传播学院、工程学院与艺术学院等的陆续增设。
• The university today operates 16 faculties, 11 institutes and 5 schools and offers about 199 active associate and bachelor degree programmes.该校如今设有 16 个学院、11 个研究所与 5 个学校，开设约 199 个在办的专科与本科项目。
• Its central campus at Göztepe and its several other campuses on both sides of the Bosphorus give it a presence across European and Asian Istanbul.其位于格兹泰佩的中心校区以及博斯普鲁斯海峡两侧的其他若干校区，使该校的足迹遍及伊斯坦布尔的欧洲部分与亚洲部分。
• By the 2020s the university served more than 70,000 students, having multiplied its enrolment many times since its establishment as a university in 1982.到 2020 年代，该校已服务逾 70,000 名学生，其规模自 1982 年成为大学以来已增长许多倍。

Academics

• The university comprises 16 faculties, 11 graduate institutes and 5 schools, together with vocational schools and research centres spread across its Istanbul campuses.该校设有 16 个学院、11 个研究生研究所与 5 个学校，另有分布在各校区的研究中心与职业学校。
• Its faculties include Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Law, Economics and Administrative Sciences, Education, Arts and Sciences, Fine Arts, Theology, Communication, Engineering, Technology and Health Education.其学院包括医学、牙医、药学、法学、经济与行政科学、教育、文理、美术、神学、传播、工程、技术与健康教育等。
• The Faculty of Engineering and the Faculty of Technology train engineers in fields such as mechanical, electrical, computer, civil and industrial engineering.工程学院与技术学院培养机械、电气、计算机、土木与工业工程等领域的工程师。
• Teaching is conducted in Turkish, English, French, German and Arabic, and students in several faculties may study their degrees partly in a foreign language.教学以土耳其语、英语、法语、德语与阿拉伯语进行，若干学院的学生还可部分以外国语攻读学位。
• The university employs nearly 3,000 teaching staff, supported by more than 1,000 administrative personnel across its campuses.该校聘用近 3,000 名教学人员，各校区另有 1,000 余名行政人员提供支持。
• In total it enrols more than 70,000 students, of whom about 48,730 are undergraduates and about 16,761 are postgraduate students.该校共有逾 70,000 名学生，其中本科生约 48,730 人，研究生约 16,761 人。
• About 7,499 further students are enrolled in associate-degree programmes, and several thousand international students come from more than 70 countries.另有约 7,499 名学生就读于专科项目，还有数千名来自 70 多个国家的国际学生。
• The university operates a Faculty of Medicine and a university hospital, and runs teaching and research in dentistry, pharmacy and health education alongside its medical faculty.该校设有医学院与一所大学医院，并在医学院之外开展牙医、药学与健康教育的教学与研究。
• Research at Marmara spans medicine, engineering, economics, social sciences, theology, communication and European studies across its graduate institutes.该校科研涵盖医学、工程、经济学、社会科学、神学、传播与欧洲研究等领域，由其各研究生研究所承担。
• The Institute of European Studies and the Institute of Middle Eastern Studies reflect the university's focus on regional and international affairs.欧洲研究所与中东研究所体现了该校对区域与国际事务的关注。
• The Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences and the Institute of Social Sciences are preparing for quality assessment by EQUIS, and the university is an institutional member of EFMD.经济与行政科学学院与社会科学研究所正在为 EQUIS 质量评估作准备，该校也是欧洲管理发展基金会的机构成员。
• The Faculty of Law and its students take part in international moot-court competitions such as the Jessup and Willem C. Vis moots, and in Model United Nations programmes.法学院及其学生参加杰赛普与维也纳维斯等国际模拟法庭竞赛，以及模拟联合国项目。
• Many academic units run student and lecturer exchanges within the Erasmus and Socrates programmes of the European Commission, with partner universities in Poland, Sweden, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Greece, Austria and France.许多学术单位在欧洲委员会的伊拉斯谟与苏格拉底项目内开展师生交流，伙伴大学遍布波兰、瑞典、意大利、比利时、德国、希腊、奥地利与法国。
• The university is a member of the European University Association and carries out international studies through ABET accreditation for its engineering programmes.该校是欧洲大学协会成员，其工程专业通过 ABET 认证开展国际化的教学与研究。
• Marmara serves students from more than 70 countries and maintains an International Office and the student-run ESN Marmara to support its foreign students.马尔马拉服务来自 70 多个国家的学生，并设有国际办公室与学生自办的 ESN Marmara，为外国学生提供支持。
• Marmara cooperates with other Istanbul universities such as Istanbul University and Yıldız Technical University on joint research and academic exchange.马尔马拉与伊斯坦布尔大学、耶尔德兹技术大学等本市高校在联合科研与学术交流方面开展合作。

Campus

• The main campus is the Göztepe Campus in the Kadıköy district on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, at roughly 41.014 degrees north and 28.950 degrees east, and it serves as the university's administrative and academic heart.主校区是位于伊斯坦布尔安纳托利亚一侧卡德柯伊区的格兹泰佩校区，约处北纬 41.014 度、东经 28.950 度，也是该校的行政与学术中心。
• The university operates campuses on both the European and the Anatolian sides of the city, including Acıbadem, Anadoluhisarı, Bağlarbaşı, Kartal and Sultanahmet.该校在城市的欧洲部分与安纳托利亚部分都设有校区，包括阿哲巴德姆、阿纳多卢希萨勒、巴格拉尔巴舍、卡尔塔尔与苏丹艾哈迈德等校区。
• Further facilities include the Mehmet Genç Campus, formerly Istanbul Şehir University, and the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan complex at Maltepe on the Anatolian side.此外还有穆罕默德·根奇校区（原伊斯坦布尔城市大学），以及安纳托利亚一侧马尔泰佩的雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安校区。
• At the Göztepe Campus there is a sports hall with a capacity of 850 that can be expanded to 2,000, together with three smaller halls, a fitness centre and open courts.格兹泰佩校区设有一座可容纳 850 人、可扩至 2,000 人的体育馆，另有三个较小的多功能厅、健身中心与露天球场。
• The Anadoluhisarı Campus offers a multi-purpose sports hall, an indoor Olympic swimming pool, a mini golf course, a boathouse and an athletics track.阿纳多卢希萨勒校区设有多功能体育馆、室内奥林匹克游泳池、迷你高尔夫球场、船库与田径跑道。
• The Pendik Marmara University Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine serve the city's eastern districts, while a teaching hospital is integrated into the campus network.彭迪克马尔马拉大学医院与医学院服务城市的东部城区，另有教学医院并入校区网络。
• University buildings include historic nineteenth-century mansions in Cağaloğlu and modern teaching blocks, laboratories and libraries across the campuses.校舍既包括恰拉奥卢十九世纪的历史宅邸，也包括各校区现代的教学楼、实验室与图书馆。
• Marmara University TV and Radio Marmara broadcast from the campuses, serving students and the wider Istanbul audience.马尔马拉大学电视台与马尔马拉广播电台从各校区播出，服务学生及更广的伊斯坦布尔听众。
• The campuses are connected to the city by Istanbul's dense metro, bus, ferry and Marmaray rail networks, linking the European and Asian sides across the Bosphorus.各校区通过伊斯坦布尔密集的地铁、公交、渡轮与马尔马拉伊铁路网与城市相连，跨博斯普鲁斯海峡沟通欧洲与亚洲两侧。
• A modern university hospital and a growing health campus support the Faculty of Medicine's clinical teaching and research across the eastern districts of the city.一所现代化的大学医院与不断扩展的医学园区，支撑着医学院在城市东部城区的临床教学与研究。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Marmara University is placed in the 1001-1200 band, a shared range covering a large group of institutions.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，马尔马拉大学位列第 1001-1200 位（并列区间，涵盖一大批院校）。
• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it is placed 1081st in the world.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位居全球第 1081 位。
• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities compiled by ShanghaiRanking it appears in the 801-900 band.在上海软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校位列第 801-900 位。
• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it is ranked in the 1601-1800 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列第 1601-1800 位。
• OpenAlex records about 47,396 scholarly works and 1,381,672 citations associated with the university, indicating a substantial research output.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校累计约有 47,396 篇学术成果与 1,381,672 次被引，显示其科研产出可观。
• Its economics, business and engineering faculties are among the most established in Turkey, and its graduates are prominent in national politics and industry.其经济学、商学与工程学院是土耳其最具底蕴的院系之一，毕业生在全国政界与产业界颇为显赫。
• The university is the only multilingual institution in Turkey, a distinction that supports its international profile and its Erasmus partnerships.该校是土耳其唯一的多语种高等学府，这一特色支撑了其国际形象与伊拉斯谟伙伴关系。
• Its Faculty of Law and Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences are widely recognised for training public officials and business leaders.其法学院与经济及行政科学学院因培养公共官员与商界领袖而广受认可。
• Marmara is supervised by Turkey's Council of Higher Education and is one of the largest public universities in Istanbul by enrolment.该校受土耳其高等教育委员会监管，按在校生规模是伊斯坦布尔规模最大的公立大学之一。
• It belongs to the European University Association and maintains an international profile through its programmes taught in five languages.该校隶属欧洲大学协会，并以五种语言的授课项目维持着国际化的形象。
• The university describes its long history in its slogan of a deep-rooted past and a strong future, and it is often cited among Istanbul's historic institutions of higher learning.该校以「根深之过去，强盛之未来」的口号概括其悠久历史，并常被列为伊斯坦布尔的历史名校之一。

Student life

• The university's slogan is "Köklü Geçmiş, Güçlü Gelecek", meaning "deep-rooted past, strong future", a phrase that sums up its long tradition and modern ambitions.该校的口号是「Köklü Geçmiş，Güçlü Gelecek」（根深之过去，强健之未来），这一短语概括了其悠久传统与当代抱负。
• Because instruction is offered in five languages, campus life brings together students and staff from Turkey and abroad in a markedly multicultural setting.由于以五种语言授课，校园生活把土耳其与海外的师生汇聚在一个鲜明多元文化的环境中。
• The Directorate of Health, Culture and Sports organises sport and leisure activities for students and staff, including basketball, volleyball, chess, table tennis, dancing and mountaineering.健康、文化与体育管理处为师生组织体育与休闲活动，包括篮球、排球、国际象棋、乒乓球、舞蹈与登山。
• Students compete in men's and women's teams for volleyball, basketball and football in the Rectorate Cup and in inter-university games.学生在校长杯与校际赛事中派出男、女队参加排球、篮球与足球比赛。
• Every year the students of the Marmara University Management Club organise an International Week with a broad cultural programme for visiting students.每年马尔马拉大学管理俱乐部的学生都会举办「国际周」，为来访学生安排丰富的文化节目。
• ESN Marmara and the International Office run orientation and social activities that integrate foreign students into campus life.ESN Marmara 与国际办公室开展入学指导与社交活动，帮助外国学生融入校园生活。
• Free intensive Turkish language courses for foreign students, offered since 2006, have become a recognised feature of the university's international life.自 2006 年起为外国学生开设的免费土耳其语强化课程，已成为该校国际生活的一项公认特色。
• Art exhibitions, cultural festivals and scientific meetings are hosted across the campuses throughout the year, reflecting Istanbul's lively cultural scene.全年各校区都会举办艺术展览、文化节与学术会议，映照出伊斯坦布尔活跃的文化氛围。
• Campus life is inseparable from the city of Istanbul, whose museums, markets and historic quarters are easily reached from the university's central campuses.校园生活与伊斯坦布尔这座城市密不可分，从各中心校区都可便捷抵达城市的博物馆、集市与历史街区。
• Students take part in cultural festivals, art exhibitions and sports leagues that reflect the multilingual and multicultural character of the university.学生参与文化节、艺术展览与体育联赛，这些活动体现了该校多语言、多文化的特色。

Notable people

• Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President of Turkey, graduated from the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences in 1981, the year before the institution became a university.土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安于 1981 年从经济与行政科学学院毕业，时值该校成为大学的前一年。
• Aydın Doğan, the Turkish businessman and media magnate who built one of the country's largest media groups, is an alumnus of the university.创办土耳其最大媒体集团之一的商人与传媒大亨艾登·多安是该校校友。
• Kemal Sunal, one of Turkey's best-loved comic actors, graduated from the Television Studies Department of the university's Institute of Social Sciences.土耳其最受喜爱的喜剧演员之一凯末尔·苏纳尔毕业于该校社会科学研究所的电视研究系。
• Nihat Ergün, a Turkish minister and former industry minister, studied at the university.土耳其前工业部长尼哈特·埃尔金曾就读于该校。
• Betül Kaçar, the Turkish astrobiologist known for her work on the origins of life, is an alumna of the university.以生命起源研究著称的土耳其天体生物学家贝蒂尔·卡查尔是该校校友。
• Mustafa Sarıgül, a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and former mayor of Şişli, graduated from the university.土耳其大国民议会议员、希什利前市长穆斯塔法·萨勒居尔毕业于该校。
• Hussein Mwinyi, the eighth President of Zanzibar, is counted among the university's alumni.桑给巴尔第八任总统侯赛因·姆温伊被列为该校校友之一。
• Nazlı Tolga, the Turkish journalist and television presenter, is also an alumna of the university.土耳其记者兼电视主持人纳兹勒·托尔加也是该校校友。
• Sevil Sabancı, a Turkish businesswoman of the prominent Sabancı family, studied at Marmara.土耳其著名萨班哲家族的商界女性塞维尔·萨班哲曾就读于马尔马拉。
• Nesrin Nas, an academic and politician who led the Motherland Party, is among the university's notable graduates.学者、曾领导祖国党的政治家内斯林·纳斯是该校知名毕业生之一。
• The university's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences has supplied Turkey with many ministers, MPs, bankers and business executives.该校经济与行政科学学院为土耳其输送了许多部长、议员、银行家与企业高管。
• Its Faculty of Communication and Faculty of Fine Arts have produced well-known journalists, actors, musicians and artists in Turkey.其传播学院与美术学院培养了土耳其众多知名的记者、演员、音乐家与艺术家。
• Marmara's medical and dental graduates staff hospitals and clinics across Istanbul and other Turkish cities.该校的医学与牙医毕业生遍布伊斯坦布尔及土耳其其他城市的医院与诊所。