Makerere University

Makerere University (Mak or MUK) is Uganda's largest and oldest institution of higher learning, a public university whose main campus stands on Makerere Hill in Kampala, about three kilometres north of the central business district.马凯雷雷大学（Mak，MUK）是乌干达规模最大、历史最悠久的高等学府，为一所公立大学，主校区坐落于坎帕拉的马凯雷雷山，距市中心约三公里。

Founded in 1922 as a small trade school, it later formed part of the University of East Africa and became an independent national university in 1970, and it is now organised into nine colleges and one business school that together offer programmes in science, health, engineering, agriculture, business, the humanities and education.该校 1922 年创办时只是一所小型技术学校，后成为东非大学的一部分，并于 1970 年成为独立国立大学；如今设有九个学院和一个商学院，共同开设科学、健康、工程、农业、商学、人文与教育等专业。

According to the university's own 2023/24 census it enrols about 30,496 students and employs 1,409 full-time permanent academic staff, making it the largest university in Uganda and one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in East Africa.据校方 2023/24 学年统计，该校在册学生约 30,496 人，全职终身教学人员 1,409 人，是乌干达规模最大的大学，也是东非历史最悠久的高等学府之一。

History

• The first classes began in 1921 in carpentry, building construction and mechanics, and in 1922 the trade school was formally established as the Uganda Technical College in Kampala with courses also in the arts, education, agriculture and medicine.该校最早于 1921 年开课，教授木工、房屋建筑与机械等科目；1922 年这所职业学校在坎帕拉正式定名为乌干达技术学院，课程还涵盖文科、教育、农业与医学。
• That same year the institution was renamed Makerere College, taking its name from the hill on which it stood, and it soon became the principal centre of post-secondary education in the Uganda Protectorate.同年，该校更名为马凯雷雷学院，得名于它所在的山丘，并很快成为乌干达保护国大专层次教育的主要中心。
• In 1928 the vocational classes were separated from the college and renamed the Kampala Technical School, leaving Makerere to concentrate on academic rather than trade instruction.1928 年，职业培训课程从学院中分离出去，另行组建为坎帕拉技术学校，马凯雷雷学院则专注于学术教育而非技艺培训。
• The college began offering post-secondary certificate courses in 1937, though these still awarded diplomas rather than full university degrees, and by 1943 there were only 114 resident students and 24 more in associated schools.1937 年，该学院开始开设大专层次的证书课程，但这些课程仍只授予文凭而非正式学位；到 1943 年，在校住宿生仅 114 人，附属学校另有 24 人。
• The Asquith Commission, appointed by the British Government in 1943 and reporting in 1945, reviewed the future of higher education across the British Empire and endorsed the upgrading of Makerere to full university level.1943 年由英国政府委任、1945 年提交报告的阿斯奎斯委员会审视了全帝国的大学教育前景，并支持把马凯雷雷提升为完整大学。
• A 1943 proposal by the British protectorate government to develop the site provoked the Bataka Party's protest and rioting in Kampala, where the plan was denounced as a scheme to seize African soil for European settlement.1943 年英国保护国政府提出开发校址的方案，引发巴塔卡党的抗议与坎帕拉的骚乱，该计划被斥为夺取非洲土地供欧洲人定居的图谋。
• In 1949 Makerere College was granted university status and renamed Makerere College, University of East Africa, becoming a college of the newly planned federal university for the three East African territories.1949 年，马凯雷雷学院获得大学地位，更名为东非大学马凯雷雷学院，成为为东非三属地新设的联邦大学的一所学院。
• The college remained affiliated to the University of London until 1963, when it became one of the three constituent colleges of the University of East Africa alongside Nairobi and Dar es Salaam.该学院一直隶属伦敦大学，直到 1963 年成为东非大学三所组成学院之一，另两所分别位于内罗毕与达累斯萨拉姆。
• In 1970, by an Act of Parliament, the institution became an independent national university with the power to award its own degrees, the oldest such university in Uganda.1970 年，该校依议会法令成为独立的国立大学，可自行授予学位，是乌干达历史最悠久的大学。
• The Universities and Other Tertiary Institutions Act of 2001 reshaped the governance of Makerere as a public university under a University Council and an academic Senate.2001 年颁布的《大学及其他高等院校法》重塑了马凯雷雷作为公立大学的治理结构，设立校务委员会与学术评议会。
• During the 1960s the campus was a focal point of African nationalist and literary activity, and many writers and scholars of the independence era taught or studied on the hill.1960 年代，该校是非洲民族主义与文学活动的中心，许多独立时代的作家与学者都曾在此任教或求学。
• Makerere is credited with a crucial role in the development of primatology and field studies, through researchers such as Niels Bolwig and Vernon Reynolds who worked from the university.马凯雷雷被认为对灵长类学与野外研究的发展起了关键作用，尼尔斯·博尔维格、弗农·雷诺兹等研究者都曾依托该校开展研究。
• The university was closed three times between 2006 and 2016 as student unrest and faculty disenchantment repeatedly disrupted teaching and examinations.2006 年至 2016 年间，因学生骚动与教师不满屡次扰乱教学与考试，该校曾三度停课关闭。
• Beginning on 1 August 2016 non-teaching staff struck over unpaid back pay, and after lecturers and students joined in solidarity President Yoweri Museveni closed the university indefinitely, and it reopened in January 2017 after a two-month shutdown.2016 年 8 月 1 日起，非教学人员因欠薪举行罢工，随后讲师与学生声援加入，总统约韦里·穆塞韦尼宣布无限期关闭该校；停课约两个月后，学校于 2017 年 1 月重新开放。
• In January 2010 the university announced two new upcountry campuses, one at Fort Portal in western Uganda and another at Jinja in the east, to widen access to higher education.2010 年 1 月，该校宣布设立两处外地校区，一处在乌干达西部的波特尔堡，另一处在东部的金贾，以拓宽接受高等教育的机会。
• The main administrative building, known as the Ivory Tower, was gutted by fire on 20 September 2020, destroying university records stored inside and gutting a landmark commissioned in 1941.2020 年 9 月 20 日，被称为「象牙塔」的主行政楼遭大火焚毁，楼内保存的校方档案一并损毁，这座 1941 年启用的地标建筑也被烧毁。
• In August 2021 Uganda's Cabinet resolved to demolish what remained of the Main Building and to rebuild it at the same location on a budget of UGX 21 billion, roughly US$6 million.2021 年 8 月，乌干达内阁决定拆除主楼残存部分，在原地按 210 亿乌干达先令（约合 600 万美元）的预算重建。
• Reconstruction began in April 2022, starting with the removal of the original structure built in the 1930s, under a contract awarded to Excel Construction Company Limited, a subsidiary of the Madhvani Group.重建工程于 2022 年 4 月动工，先拆除建于 1930 年代的原有建筑，工程合同授予埃克塞尔建筑有限公司，即马德瓦尼集团的子公司。
• In 2022 the university marked its centenary since its establishment as Makerere College in 1922, holding a ceremony at Freedom Square attended by President Museveni, at which a statue monument was unveiled.2022 年，该校庆祝自 1922 年作为马凯雷雷学院创立以来的百年校庆，在自由广场举行典礼，总统穆塞韦尼出席并为纪念雕像揭幕。
• On 2 October 2024 President Museveni officially reopened the reconstructed Main Building and installed Dr. Crispus Kiyonga, a physician and former defence minister, as the university's new Chancellor.2024 年 10 月 2 日，总统穆塞韦尼正式为重建后的主楼揭幕，并任命医生、前国防部长克里斯普斯·基永加博士为该校新任校监。
• Guided by Nsibirwa's 1945 land grant and the successive university-status grants of 1949 and 1970, Makerere has grown from a colonial trade school into Uganda's flagship national university.凭借恩西比尔瓦 1945 年的土地拨赠以及 1949 年与 1970 年两度获得的大学地位，马凯雷雷已从殖民时期的职业学校发展为乌干达的旗舰国立大学。
• By the 2020s the university had become the country's principal centre of graduate training and research, conferring doctoral degrees across its colleges at annual graduation ceremonies.到 2020 年代，该校已成为全国研究生培养与科研的主要中心，在一年一度的毕业典礼上为各学院授予博士学位。

Academics

• The university is organised into nine colleges and one school whose subjects span natural sciences, health sciences, engineering, agriculture, business, humanities, computing, veterinary medicine and education.该校设有九个学院与一个学校，学科覆盖自然科学、健康科学、工程、农业、商学、人文、计算机、兽医学与教育学。
• Its constituent colleges include the College of Natural Sciences, the College of Health Sciences, the College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology, and the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.其组成学院包括自然科学学院、健康科学学院、工程设计与艺术及技术学院，以及农业与环境科学学院。
• Further units are the College of Business and Management Sciences, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, the College of Computing and Information Sciences, the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Bio-security, and the College of Education and External Studies.其他单位还有商业与管理科学学院、人文与社会科学学院、计算与信息科学学院、兽医学与动物资源及生物安全学院，以及教育与校外教育学院。
• The Makerere University Business School operates as the university's tenth academic unit, dedicated to commerce, accounting and management education, and is headquartered at Nakawa.马凯雷雷大学商学院作为该校的第十个学术单位运行，专注于商科、会计与管理教育，总部设于纳卡瓦。
• In the 2023/24 academic year the university recorded a student headcount of 30,496, of whom 19.4 percent were postgraduate students and 44 percent were female.2023/24 学年，该校在册学生总数为 30,496 人，其中研究生占 19.4%，女性学生占 44%。
• Full-time permanent academic staff numbered 1,409 in 2024, supported by a larger body of part-time, contract and teaching-assistant colleagues across the colleges.2024 年该校全职终身教学人员为 1,409 人，各学院另有更多的兼职、合同制与助教人员提供支持。
• The College of Health Sciences runs teaching hospitals and research units that train physicians, nurses and public-health specialists for Uganda and the wider region.健康科学学院下辖教学医院与科研单位，为乌干达及更广地区培养医生、护士与公共卫生专家。
• Makerere's School of Public Health has trained a generation of epidemiologists and serves as a national reference centre for disease surveillance and health research.马凯雷雷大学公共卫生学院培养了一代流行病学家，并作为全国疾病监测与卫生研究的参考中心。
• The College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences conducts research on crops, forestry, food technology, nutrition and rural livelihoods across Uganda.农业与环境科学学院在作物、林业、食品技术、营养与农村生计等领域于乌干达各地开展研究。
• The College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology combines engineering disciplines with architecture, industrial art and design, and trains professionals for the region's construction and manufacturing sectors.工程设计与艺术及技术学院把工程学科与建筑、工业美术及设计相结合，为本地区建筑与制造业培养专业人才。
• The College of Computing and Information Sciences offers programmes in computer science, software engineering and information systems at undergraduate and graduate levels.计算与信息科学学院在本科与研究生层面开设计算机科学、软件工程与信息系统等专业。
• The Makerere Institute of Social Research and the Makerere University Library support faculty research, while research across the university spans public health, agriculture, tropical medicine, wildlife ecology and development studies.马凯雷雷社会研究所与马凯雷雷大学图书馆为教师科研提供支撑，全校研究涵盖公共卫生、农业、热带医学、野生生物生态学与发展研究等领域。
• Makerere is Uganda's principal centre for graduate training, awarding master's and doctoral degrees across its colleges and its business school.马凯雷雷是乌干达主要的研究生培养中心，通过各学院与商学院授予硕士与博士学位。
• The university runs continuing and distance education through its College of Education and External Studies, reaching learners far beyond Kampala through its external degree programmes.该校通过教育与校外教育学院开展继续教育与远程教育，借助校外学位项目把教学服务延伸到坎帕拉以外的广大地区。
• Makerere cooperates with international partners and donors on health, agriculture and governance research across East Africa, and hosts several internationally funded research centres on its campus.马凯雷雷与国际伙伴及资助方在东非乃至更广范围的卫生、农业与治理研究方面开展合作，并在校园内设有多家获国际资助的研究中心。
• The university's academic year is organised on a semester system, and degree programmes are accredited by Uganda's National Council for Higher Education.该校学年采用学期制，其学位项目由乌干达全国高等教育委员会认证。

Campus

• The main campus occupies Makerere Hill in Kampala, about three kilometres north of the central business district, at coordinates of roughly 0.316 degrees north and 32.582 degrees east.主校区占据坎帕拉的马凯雷雷山，位于市中心以北约三公里处，坐标约为北纬 0.316 度、东经 32.582 度。
• The university also operates an Eastern Campus in Jinja and, since the 2010 announcement, a western campus at Fort Portal, extending its reach across Uganda.该校还设有金贾的东部校区，并自 2010 年宣布以来在波特尔堡设立西部校区，把办学范围扩展至乌干达各地。
• The reconstructed Main Building, reopened in October 2024, houses the central administration and remains the symbolic centre of the university's historic hilltop estate.2024 年 10 月重新开放的主楼容纳了学校中央行政机构，至今仍是这所山丘校园的象征性中心。
• Freedom Square, at the entrance to the campus, holds a statue monument unveiled in 2022 to mark the university's centenary and its contribution to national education.位于校园入口处的自由广场立有一座纪念雕像，于 2022 年为纪念百年校庆及其对国家教育的贡献而揭幕。
• The Makerere University Library is a national legal deposit library whose holdings exceed 600,000 monographs and include a major Africana collection of rare books and manuscripts.马凯雷雷大学图书馆是全国法定呈缴图书馆，馆藏专著超过 60 万册，并收藏有重要的非洲研究文献，包括珍本与手稿。
• The library subscribes to more than 27,000 electronic journals and adds several thousand new print and electronic titles to its shelves each year.该图书馆订阅电子期刊逾 27,000 种，每年新增数千种纸质与电子文献入藏。
• Halls of residence include Livingstone Hall, Mitchell Hall, Nkrumah Hall, Nsibirwa Hall and University Hall for men, and Africa Hall and Mary Stuart Hall for women.学生宿舍包括男生住的利文斯通堂、米切尔堂、恩克鲁玛堂、恩西比尔瓦堂与大学堂，以及女生住的非洲堂与玛丽·斯图亚特堂。
• Galloway House accommodates final-year medical students, while the Dag Hammarskjöld Hostel serves postgraduate students on the campus.加洛韦宿舍供医学院高年级学生居住，达格·哈马舍尔德宿舍楼则供研究生住宿。
• The campus is set among mature trees and gardens on a hill overlooking Kampala, with teaching buildings, laboratories and student hostels grouped around the main quadrangle.校园坐落于可俯瞰坎帕拉的山丘上，遍植大树与庭园，教学楼、实验室与学生宿舍环绕主庭院分布。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Makerere University is placed in the 1001-1200 band, a shared range covering a large group of institutions worldwide.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，马凯雷雷大学位列第 1001-1200 位（并列区间，涵盖全球一大批院校）。
• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it is placed 639th in the world, its highest position among the major global league tables.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位居全球第 639 位，是其各主要全球榜单中的最好名次。
• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it is ranked in the 801-1000 band, reflecting its standing among Africa's leading research universities.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列第 801-1000 位，反映其作为非洲主要研究型大学的地位。
• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities compiled by ShanghaiRanking it appears in the 901-1000 band.在上海软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校位列第 901-1000 位。
• OpenAlex records about 38,671 scholarly works and 1,885,807 citations associated with the university, indicating a large and widely cited research output.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校累计约有 38,671 篇学术成果与 1,885,807 次被引，显示其科研产出规模庞大且被广泛引用。
• Makerere is widely regarded as Uganda's leading university and has been described as the "Harvard of Africa" for its role in training the continent's post-independence leaders.马凯雷雷被普遍视为乌干达的顶尖大学，并因培养出非洲多国独立后的领导人而被称为「非洲的哈佛」。
• It is the alma mater of post-independence leaders including the Ugandan president Milton Obote and the Tanzanian presidents Julius Nyerere and Benjamin Mkapa, as well as Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki.该校是乌干达总统米尔顿·奥博特、坦桑尼亚总统朱利叶斯·尼雷尔与本杰明·姆卡帕以及肯尼亚总统姆瓦伊·齐贝吉等独立后领导人的母校。
• Its medical and public-health faculties are among the most research-active in East Africa and attract collaboration from international institutions and donors.其医学与公共卫生学院是东非科研最活跃的院系之一，吸引着国际机构与资助方的合作。
• The university is supervised by Uganda's Ministry of Education and Sports and is the country's largest public institution of higher learning by enrolment.该校受乌干达教育与体育部监管，按在校生规模是本国最大的公立高等学府。
• In September 2026 the Vice Chancellor reported to the press that Makerere had risen 295 places in one leading world ranking, citing improved research and teaching indicators.2026 年 9 月，该校校长向媒体表示，马凯雷雷在一项主要世界排名中上升了 295 位，理由是科研与教学指标改善。

Student life

• The university motto is "We build for the future", echoed in its anthem as a call to national service and learning.该校校训为「We build for the future」（我们为未来奠基），这一精神在其校歌中回响，召唤学子服务国家、勤于求学。
• The anthem "Arise Makerere", with its refrain that the institution is great and mighty, is a staple of graduation and centenary ceremonies.校歌《奋起吧，马凯雷雷》以「伟大而强盛」为副歌，是毕业典礼与百年校庆等仪式的固定曲目。
• Students live in halls named after figures such as Livingstone, Nkrumah and Nsibirwa, each with its own traditions and communal dining system.学生居住在利文斯通、恩克鲁玛、恩西比尔瓦等命名的宿舍堂中，各堂都有自己的传统与集体用餐制度。
• The centenary celebrations of 2022 drew alumni from across the world back to Freedom Square for a week of events, lectures and reunions.2022 年的百年校庆把世界各地的校友吸引回自由广场，参加为期一周的活动、讲座与聚会。
• Annual graduation ceremonies, held several times a year, are major national events presided over by the Chancellor and attended by government leaders.每年举行数次的毕业典礼是全国性的重要活动，由校监主持，政府领导人亦出席。
• Student guild politics are a long-standing feature of campus life and have launched several national political careers, including that of Norbert Mao.学生会政治是校园生活长期以来的特色，并催生了多段国家政治生涯，其中包括诺伯特·毛。
• Writers', debating and cultural societies sustain a literary tradition that dates back to the 1960s and the era of African nationalist writing.写作、辩论与文化社团延续着可追溯至 1960 年代非洲民族主义写作时期的文学传统。
• Sports and athletics teams, together with music, dance and drama groups, give students outlets that complement their academic work.各类体育与田径队，以及音乐、舞蹈与戏剧团体，为学生提供课业之外的施展空间。
• The campus sits within walking distance of central Kampala, connecting students to the city's markets, bookshops, places of worship and cultural venues.校园距坎帕拉市中心仅步行之遥，把学生与城市的集市、书店、宗教场所和文化场馆连接起来。
• The university's student body draws from every region of Uganda and from many African countries, giving campus life a markedly pan-African character.该校学生来自乌干达各个地区及许多非洲国家，使校园生活具有鲜明的泛非色彩。

Notable people

• Makerere's early growth was guided by colonial administrators and educators who transformed a trade school into a national university.马凯雷雷的早期成长由一批殖民时期的行政官员与教育家主导，他们把这所职业学校转变为国立大学。
• Julius Nyerere, the first president of Tanzania, studied economics at Makerere and graduated with a bachelor's degree in the 1940s.坦桑尼亚首任总统朱利叶斯·尼雷尔曾在马凯雷雷攻读经济学，并于 1940 年代取得学士学位。
• Milton Obote, who twice served as president of Uganda, was also an alumnus of the university.两度出任乌干达总统的米尔顿·奥博特也是该校校友。
• Benjamin Mkapa, former president of Tanzania, and Mwai Kibaki, the third president of Kenya, both studied at Makerere.坦桑尼亚前总统本杰明·姆卡帕与肯尼亚第三任总统姆瓦伊·齐贝吉都曾就读于马凯雷雷。
• Paul Kagame, president of Rwanda, and Joseph Kabila, former president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, are counted among its alumni.卢旺达总统保罗·卡加梅与刚果民主共和国前总统约瑟夫·卡比拉都被列为该校校友。
• The writer Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o studied at Makerere, where he began his literary career in the early 1960s and helped shape the university's literary reputation.作家恩古吉·瓦·提安戈曾就读于马凯雷雷，并在此于 1960 年代初开启其文学生涯，助力塑造了该校的文学声誉。
• Okot p'Bitek, the poet and author of "Song of Lawino", was a Makerere graduate and later a member of its teaching staff.诗人、长诗《拉维诺之歌》的作者奥科特·普比泰克是马凯雷雷的毕业生，后来还担任过该校教师。
• Ali Mazrui, the political scientist and historian, taught and studied at the university during his academic career.政治学家兼历史学家阿里·马兹鲁伊在其学术生涯中曾在该校任教与求学。
• Mahmood Mamdani, the political scientist and historian, was a member of the Makerere faculty.政治学家兼历史学家马哈茂德·马姆达尼曾是马凯雷雷的教师。
• John Sentamu, who became Anglican Archbishop of York in England, was the first black archbishop of the Church of England, and he studied at Makerere.后来出任英格兰约克圣公会大主教的约翰·森塔穆是英格兰教会首位黑人主教长，他曾就读于马凯雷雷。
• Olara Otunnu, a former United Nations under-secretary-general and special representative for children and armed conflict, is also a graduate of the university.曾任联合国副秘书长兼儿童与武装冲突问题特别代表的奥拉拉·奥通努也是该校毕业生。
• Crispus Kiyonga, a physician and former Ugandan defence minister, was installed as Chancellor of the university in 2024.医生、乌干达前国防部长克里斯普斯·基永加于 2024 年获任为该校校监。
• Barnabas Nawangwe, an architect, has served as Vice Chancellor of the university during the 2020s, leading its reconstruction and centenary programmes.建筑师巴纳巴斯·纳旺圭在 2020 年代担任该校校长，主导了校园重建与百年校庆工作。
• Apolo Nsibambi, a former prime minister of Uganda, also served as chancellor of Makerere University.乌干达前总理阿波罗·恩西班比也曾出任马凯雷雷大学校监。