Leiden University

Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden in the Netherlands. Founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, it is the oldest university still operating in the country and it teaches 33,839 students, of whom 24,496 were undergraduates in 2021-2022.莱顿大学（Universiteit Leiden）是荷兰莱顿市的公立研究型大学，由奥兰治亲王威廉于 1575 年创办，是荷兰现存最古老、仍在办学的大学，现有在校生 33,839 人，其中 2021 至 2022 学年本科生为 24,496 人。

The university ranks 119th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings with a score of 64.4, 69th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 and 56th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking, and it counts sixteen Nobel laureates and twenty-six Spinoza Prize winners among its alumni and faculty.学校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中以 64.4 分列第 119 位，泰晤士高等教育 2027 年列第 69 位，US News 2026 至 2027 年最佳全球大学排名列第 56 位，校友与教职员中共有 16 位诺贝尔奖得主与 26 位斯宾诺莎奖得主。

History

• In 1575 the northern Netherlands had no university of its own, since the only institutions, at Leuven and Douai, lay in territory firmly held by Spain. William, Prince of Orange, founded Leiden University to give the new republic an institution that could educate its citizens and supply the government with trained officials in every field.1575 年时荷兰北部尚无自己的大学，当时仅有的鲁汶与杜埃两所大学都位于西班牙牢固控制的领土内。奥兰治亲王威廉因此创办莱顿大学，为新生的共和国提供一所既能教育国民、又能向政府输送各专业官员的机构。

• The choice of location was a reward for the defence of Leiden against a Spanish siege in 1574. The name of Philip II of Spain, William's adversary, appears on the foundation certificate because he was still the count of Holland in law, and he forbade his subjects to study in Leiden.选址莱顿是为奖赏该城在 1574 年抵抗西班牙围城的战功。建校证书上同时出现了威廉的对手、西班牙国王腓力二世的名字，因为他当时在法理上仍是荷兰伯爵，而他也禁止臣民赴莱顿求学。

• The new institution began in the Convent of Saint Barbara, moved in 1577 to the Faliede Bagijn Church, which is now the site of the university museum, and in 1581 to a former convent of Cistercian nuns. The original building on that last site was destroyed by fire in 1616 and the university has occupied the site ever since.学校最初设于圣巴巴拉女修院，1577 年迁入法拉德巴金教堂，即今大学博物馆所在之地，1581 年再迁入原西多会修女院。该址的原建筑毁于 1616 年的大火，此后学校一直沿用这片园地。

• The reputation of the university was built within fifty years of its foundation by scholars such as Justus Lipsius, Joseph Scaliger, Franciscus Gomarus, Hugo Grotius, Jacobus Arminius, Daniel Heinsius and Gerhard Johann Vossius, who between them made Leiden a centre of philology, law and theology that drew students from across Europe.建校五十年间，利普修斯、约瑟夫·斯卡利杰、戈马鲁斯、胡果·格老秀斯、雅各布斯·阿民念、丹尼尔·海因修斯与福修斯等学者先后在此任教，使莱顿成为语文学、法学与神学的重镇，吸聚全欧学生。

• By the 1640s more than five hundred students were enrolled from all over Europe, which made the university the largest Protestant university of its time, and Baruch Spinoza, who came to study philosophy and theology, discovered the work of Descartes partly in the libraries of Leiden.到 1640 年代，学校已有 500 余名来自全欧洲的学生注册，成为当时欧洲最大的新教大学。来此攻读哲学与神学的巴鲁赫·斯宾诺莎，正是在莱顿的书库中接触到笛卡尔的著作。

• In the eighteenth century the chairs of Jacobus Gronovius, Herman Boerhaave, Tiberius Hemsterhuis and David Ruhnken kept the university at the centre of classical scholarship, and it was in Leiden that the teaching of medicine as a clinical discipline took its modern form.18 世纪，雅各布斯·格罗诺维乌斯、赫尔曼·布尔哈夫、泰比里厄斯·赫姆斯特豪斯与大卫·鲁恩肯等人主持的讲席使学校继续处于古典学术的中心，莱顿也是把医学确立为临床学科的起点之一。

• In 1896 the Zeeman effect was discovered in Leiden by Pieter Zeeman and explained shortly afterwards by Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, a result for which the two shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1902 and which opened the field of atomic spectroscopy.1896 年 Pieter Zeeman 在莱顿发现塞曼效应，其后不久由亨德里克·洛伦兹给出解释，两人因此分享 1902 年诺贝尔物理学奖，这项工作打开了原子光谱学的研究方向。

• In the first university low-temperature laboratory in the world, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes reached a temperature only one degree above absolute zero and in 1908 was the first to liquefy helium, and he also played a part in the discovery of superconductivity in metals. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913.在世界第一所大学低温实验室中，海克·卡末林·昂内斯把温度降到绝对零度以上一度，1908 年首次使氦液化，并参与了金属超导现象的发现，1913 年因此获诺贝尔物理学奖。

• The Leiden Observatory was founded in 1633, more than two centuries before the university's other scientific institutes, so that the study of the sky in the Netherlands begins here, and the KITLV, the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, was founded in 1851.莱顿天文台始建于 1633 年，比学校其他科学机构早了两个多世纪，荷兰的天文研究自此起步；1851 年成立的 KITLV，即皇家荷兰东南亚与加勒比研究所，则把研究引向亚洲与加勒比地区。

• The university expanded to The Hague in 1998, creating Campus The Hague, which is now the exclusive home of the Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs, International Studies and Leiden University College The Hague. Six of the seven faculties have a presence there.1998 年学校在海牙设立海牙校区，如今这里成为治理与全球事务学院、国际研究以及海牙莱顿大学学院的独家所在地，七个学院中有六个在此设有机构。

• In 2005 the manuscript of Einstein on the quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas, describing what is now called Bose-Einstein condensation, was discovered in one of the university's libraries, a reminder that the collections still produce new physics as well as preserve old.2005 年，爱因斯坦关于单原子理想气体量子理论的手稿，即后来所谓玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚的论述，在学校一处图书馆中被发现，说明馆藏既能保存旧学，也能催生新的物理研究。

• The Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs was established in 2011 together with Leiden University College The Hague, which added a liberal arts and sciences college to the university's portfolio and gave the students in The Hague a campus of their own.2011 年，学校与海牙莱顿大学学院同步设立治理与全球事务学院，既为学校增加了一所文理学院，也让海牙的学生拥有了属于自己的独立校园。

• In 2012 the university entered a strategic alliance with Delft University of Technology and Erasmus University Rotterdam to raise the quality of its research and teaching, a regional form of cooperation that has become one of the models of the Dutch research system.2012 年，学校与代尔夫特理工大学、伊拉斯姆斯鹿特丹大学达成战略联盟，以提升科研与教学的质量，这一区域协作后来成为荷兰科研体系的模式之一。

• Campus The Hague moved in 2016 into the new Wijnhaven building on the Turfmarkt, having previously occupied a college building on the Lange Voorhout. In 2017 a joint summer programme in global and transnational law with Duke University School of Law began and the Leiden University Medical Center opened a branch on the campus.2016 年海牙校区从朗厄弗荷特大街的学院楼迁入图夫马克特市场上的新建温哈芬大楼。2017 年，学校与杜克大学法学院合作的全球与跨国法夏季项目启动，莱顿大学医学中心也在该校区设立分部。

• The Sweat Room, or Zweetkamertje, in the Academy Building, where doctoral candidates once waited for the verdict on their defence, was restored in 2014 by public subscription, its walls carrying the signatures of generations of graduates including Winston Churchill and members of the Dutch royal family.学术楼内的「汗房」曾供博士生在答辩结果公布前等候，如今墙上留有一代代毕业生的签名，包括温斯顿·丘吉尔与荷兰王室成员，2014 年由公众募资完成修复。

• The Leiden School of Management was created in 2002 to offer six professional MBA programmes, on the argument that a university without a business school could not serve the country adequately, and it closed all management courses in 2009, with the school ceasing to operate on 1 January 2009.莱顿管理学院创建于 2002 年，理由是没有商学院的大学难以充分服务国家，因此开设了六个MBA项目，但 2009 年所有管理课程被取消，该学院也于 2009 年 1 月 1 日停止运作。

• The link with the House of Orange was never broken. Several members of the Dutch royal family studied at Leiden, and in 2005 Queen Beatrix, herself an alumna, received an honorary degree from the university, so that the family of the founder and the institution he created stayed connected across four centuries.学校与奥兰治王室的联系从未中断，多位荷兰王室成员曾在莱顿就读，2005 年身为校友的贝娅特丽克丝女王还获学校授予荣誉学位，创办人的家族与他所创建的机构跨越四个世纪保持联系。

• The latest figures show 33,839 students in the academic year 2024-2025, 2,043 academic and 1,573 administrative staff and 963 doctoral candidates in 2024, with a budget of 974 million euro, and the university is led by a president and a rector magnificus.最新数据显示，2024 至 2025 学年在校生 33,839 人，2024 年学术人员 2,043 人、行政人员 1,573 人、博士生 963 人，年度预算 9.74 亿欧元，学校由校长与学术校长共同领导。

Academics

• The university is divided into seven faculties, Archaeology, Governance and Global Affairs, Humanities, Law, Medicine with the Leiden University Medical Center, Science, and Social and Behavioural Sciences. Each faculty keeps its own departments and doctoral programmes, which is why the university looks like a federation of schools rather than a single institution.学校下设七个学院：考古学院、治理与全球事务学院、人文学院、法学院、医学与莱顿大学医学中心、理学院、社会与行为科学学院。各学院自设系所与博士项目，学校因此更像若干学院的联合体而非单一机构。

• The seven faculties offer about fifty undergraduate degree programmes and more than one hundred graduate programmes. Undergraduates read for a B.A., a B.Sc. or an LL.B., and degrees such as the B.Eng. or the B.F.A. are not awarded at Leiden, which reflects the university's traditional restriction to the humanities, science, law and medicine.七个学院合计开设约 50 个本科课程与 100 多个研究生课程。本科通向文学学士、理学学士或法学学士学位，莱顿大学不授予工程学士与美术学士学位，这一取舍体现了学校在人文、理学、法学与医学方面的传统。

• The most advanced degree is the MPhil, offered by a small number of departments in the arts, social sciences, archaeology, philosophy and theology. Admission is highly selective and aimed at students who intend to enter academic research or the professions of law and medicine.学校里层级最高的学位是哲学硕士，仅由艺术、社会科学、考古、哲学与神学等少数院系授予，录取极为严格，主要面向准备从事学术研究或进入法律、医学职业的学生。

• The university hosts more than fifty research schools and institutes. They range from faculty institutes such as the Institute of Biology Leiden and the Leiden Institute of Chemistry to interfaculty and interuniversity bodies such as the Leiden Institute of Area Studies, the International Institute for Asian Studies and the Centre for Environmental Sciences.学校拥有五十余个研究院与研究机构，既包括生物研究所、莱顿化学研究所等院级机构，也包括莱顿区域研究所、国际亚洲研究所、环境科学中心等跨院系与校际机构。

• Physics has been the university's most celebrated science, with the Nobel Prizes of Onnes in 1913 and of Lorentz and Zeeman in 1902, and its research is organised in the Leiden Institute of Physics and the Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, which is one of the oldest computer science institutes in Europe.物理学是学校最负盛名的学科，1913 年昂内斯与 1902 年洛伦兹、塞曼的诺贝尔奖均出于此，研究由莱顿物理研究所与莱顿高等计算机科学研究所承担，后者是欧洲最早的一批计算机科学机构之一。

• Astronomy rests on the Leiden Observatory of 1633 and the Sterrewacht Leiden, which combined observation, teaching and instrument making, and alumni of the observatory include Willem de Sitter, who proposed the expanding universe, and Adriaan van Maanen, whose nebular photographs were later questioned.天文学以 1633 年创建的莱顿天文台与斯特雷瓦赫特天文台为基础，这里把观测、教学与仪器制造结合起来。该天文台的校友包括提出膨胀宇宙模型的威廉·德西特，以及以星云照相闻名、后世又受到质疑的阿德里安·范·马南。

• Area studies are a distinctive strength, built on the KITLV of 1851, the International Institute for Asian Studies, the Leiden Institute for Area Studies and the Scaliger Institute. The Scaliger Institute holds the world's largest collections on Indonesia and the Caribbean and studies transmission of knowledge from antiquity to the present through texts and images.区域研究是学校的特色强项，其基础是 1851 年的 KITLV、国际亚洲研究所、莱顿区域研究所与斯卡利杰研究所。斯卡利杰研究所收藏世界上最大的印尼与加勒比资料，并以文本与图像研究自古至今的知识传播。

• Medicine is organised in the Leiden University Medical Center, one of the largest academic medical centres of the Netherlands, with its own research institutes, and the center also maintains a branch at Campus The Hague since 2017, so clinical training and the governance programme share the same city.医学事务由莱顿大学医学中心承担，该中心是荷兰最大的学术医学中心之一并设有自己的研究所，2017 年起在海牙校区设分部，临床训练与治理课程因此在同一城市中展开。

• Law is represented by the research schools and institutes with the longest histories in the country, among them the Meijers Research Institute for legal studies, the Grotius Centre for international legal studies, the Europa Institute, the Van Vollenhoven Institute and the International Tax Centre.法学方面学校拥有全国历史最长的研究机构群，包括 E. M. 梅杰斯法学研究所、国际法研究中心格老秀斯中心、欧洲研究所、范·福尔赫芬研究所与国际税法中心。

• The brain and cognition sciences are organised in the Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition and the neurosciences cluster around the Center for Neuroscience, while the Centre for Science and Technology Studies studies science and technology in society, a field in which the university has been an intellectual leader.脑与认知科学由莱顿脑与认知研究所承担，神经科学则以神经科学中心为核心聚集；科学与技术社会研究中心则研究科学、技术与社会的关系，这一领域里学校长期扮演思想引领者角色。

• In 2012 the university formed a strategic alliance with Delft University of Technology and Erasmus University Rotterdam, and it also runs joint programmes with foreign institutions, including the summer school in global and transnational law with Duke University School of Law that has been held since 2017.2012 年学校与代尔夫特理工大学、伊拉斯姆斯鹿特丹大学组成战略联盟，同时与海外机构合办项目，其中与杜克大学法学院合作的全球与跨国法夏季项目自 2017 年起持续举行。

• The university is a member of the Coimbra Group, the Europaeum and the Transatlantic Policy Consortium, and it was a founding member of the League of European Research Universities, which ties its long history to the modern research university in Europe.学校是科英布拉集团、Europaeum 与跨大西洋政策联盟的成员，也是欧洲研究型大学联盟的创始成员，其悠久历史由此与欧洲现代研究型大学连成一体。

• Spinoza Prizes, the highest scientific awards of the Netherlands, went to 26 or 29 Leiden professors depending on the count, the first being the literary historian Frits van Oostrom in 2010, and the Stevin Prize has gone to Leiden professors in health psychology, immunological technology and psychology.作为荷兰最高科学荣誉的斯宾诺莎奖，共有 26 位或 29 位莱顿教授获奖，不同统计口径略有出入，首位获奖者是 2010 年的文学史家弗里茨·范·奥斯特罗姆；斯特芬奖的获奖者则来自健康心理学、免疫学技术学与心理学领域。

• The scale of the university is set by its research collections rather than by its student numbers, with more than fifty institutes and a university library of 5.2 million books, so that the faculty to student ratio is unusually low for a Dutch institution.学校的规模更多由研究馆藏而非学生人数决定，全校有五十余个研究所与一座藏书 520 万册的大学图书馆，师生比因此在荷兰高校中偏低。

• Teaching at Leiden is carried out in both Dutch and English, with the humanities and social sciences retaining a stronger Dutch-language presence in the undergraduate years, while the graduate and doctoral levels are taught largely in English for an international cohort.莱顿大学的教学以荷兰语与英语并行，人文与社会科学本科阶段的荷兰语比重较大，研究生与博士阶段则以英语授课为主，面向国际学生群体。

Campus

• The university has no central campus. Its buildings are spread across the city of Leiden, and the Academy Building, which houses the ceremonial rooms and the Sweat Room, stands on the site of the Cistercian convent that the university entered in 1581, its original structure having burned down in 1616.莱顿大学没有集中式校园，校舍分散在莱顿市区。容纳礼仪空间与「汗房」的学术楼，建在 1581 年学校迁入的西多会修女院旧址上，其原始建筑曾毁于 1616 年的大火。

• The contrast between old and new buildings marks the city campus. The Gravensteen is a medieval castle building of great age that now houses international offices, while Van Steenis, Lipsius and Gorlaeus, among them the main building of the Faculty of Science, are twentieth-century structures.老建筑与新建筑的对比构成莱顿校区的特色。格雷芬斯泰恩是一座年代久远的城堡式建筑，现用作国际事务办公室；范斯蒂尼斯、利普修斯与戈拉厄斯等楼则是 20 世纪建筑，其中戈拉厄斯大楼是理学院的主楼。

• Campus The Hague grew out of a number of buildings in the city centre and now includes the Wijnhaven building on the Turfmarkt, which the university moved into in 2016. Six of the seven faculties are represented there, and law, political science, public administration and medicine are all taught from the campus.海牙校区由市中心数栋建筑发展而来，现包括 2016 年迁入的图夫马克特温哈芬大楼。七个学院中有六个在此设点，法律、政治学、公共管理与医学课程都由该校区承担。

• The Leiden Observatory of 1633, one of the oldest observatories in the world, stands at the northern edge of the city and is still in scientific use, and the Hortus Botanicus, the oldest botanical garden in the Netherlands, lies close to the academic centre with its Clusius garden, its eighteenth-century orangery and the Siebold Memorial Museum.始建于 1633 年的莱顿天文台是世界上最古老的天文台之一，至今仍在科学使用中。荷兰最古老的植物园莱顿植物园紧邻学术中心，园内有重建的克卢修斯园、18 世纪的橘园与西博尔德纪念馆。

• The University Library holds more than 5.2 million books and fifty thousand journals, together with western and oriental manuscripts, archives, prints, drawings, photographs, maps and atlases, and it is the library in which the Einstein manuscript was found in 2005.莱顿大学图书馆藏书逾 520 万册、期刊 5 万种，并收藏中西文手稿、档案、版画、绘画、照片、地图与地图集，2005 年发现的爱因斯坦手稿即出自此馆。

• Several museums are affiliated with the university, among them the KITLV of 1851, the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden with strong Egyptian and Indian collections, the Natural History Museum with a complete anatomical cabinet, and three ethnographical museums whose nucleus is the Japanese collection of Philipp Franz von Siebold.与学校关联的博物馆有 1851 年的 KITLV、藏有丰富埃及与印度藏品的国立古物博物馆、拥有完整解剖柜的自然史博物馆，以及三座以西博尔德日本藏品为核心藏品的人种志博物馆。

• Because the buildings are scattered through the historic city, the university is reached on foot, by bicycle or by the many bridges over the Rhine branches that cross Leiden, and the second campus in The Hague is reachable by the main rail line.由于校舍散布在历史城区之中，通勤主要依靠步行、自行车与跨越莱顿多条河道分支的众多桥梁，第二校区海牙则可由干线铁路直达。

• Student accommodation is not provided by the university itself, and students live in rented rooms in the city, while Leiden University College The Hague is the one residential unit of the university, where students live on campus as part of an international liberal arts programme.学校不自建学生公寓，学生在校内市区租住。海牙莱顿大学学院是校内唯一的住宿制单位，学生与国际学生混合寄宿，作为文理项目的一部分在校园内生活。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Leiden University is placed 119th in the world with an overall score of 64.4, and the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place it 69th, while the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking places it 56th.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中莱顿大学以 64.4 分列第 119 位，泰晤士高等教育 2027 年列第 69 位，US News 2026 至 2027 年最佳全球大学排名列第 56 位。

• The Academic Ranking of World Universities lists Leiden in the 101-150 band for 2025, the CWUR ranking of 2025 places it 88th and the Leiden-based CWTS ranking of 2024 72nd, so that the four large international tables put the university in a consistent band around the top hundred.软科世界大学学术排名 2025 年将莱顿大学列入 101 至 150 段，CWUR 2025 年排名列第 88 位，由莱顿大学发布的 CWTS 2024 年排名列第 72 位，四大榜单给出的位次基本一致，均在前百上下。

• In the subject rankings of 2025 Leiden places 25th in law in the QS table and 21st in law in the Times Higher Education table, 17th in politics and international relations in the QS table, 21st in arts and humanities in the THE table and 46th in arts and humanities in the QS table, and 27th in social sciences in the 2024 Academic Ranking.在 2025 年学科排名中，莱顿大学法学在 QS 榜列第 25、在泰晤士高等教育榜列第 21，政治与国际关系在 QS 榜列第 17，艺术与人文在泰晤士高等教育榜列第 21、在 QS 榜列第 46，社会科学在 2024 年软科排名中列第 27。

• Sixteen Nobel laureates are associated with the university. Kamerlingh Onnes received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913, Lorentz and Zeeman shared it in 1902, and Einthoven received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1924 for the string galvanometer that made electrocardiography possible.与莱顿大学相关的诺贝尔奖得主共 16 位，昂内斯 1913 年获诺贝尔物理学奖，洛伦兹与塞曼 1902 年分享该奖，埃因托芬 1924 年因发明使心电图成为可能的弦线电流计获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• Further Nobel laureates associated with Leiden include Albert Einstein, who lectured at the university, Enrico Fermi, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Tobias Asser, Albert Szent-Györgyi, Igor Tamm, Jan Tinbergen, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Tjalling Koopmans, Nicolaas Bloembergen and Niels Jerne, which is a list of unusual density for a university of thirty thousand students.与莱顿相关的其他诺贝尔奖得主还包括曾在此讲学的爱因斯坦、恩里科·费米、范特霍夫、范德瓦耳斯、托比亚斯·阿瑟、圣—乔尔吉、伊戈尔·塔姆、扬·廷伯根、尼古拉斯·廷伯根、蒂亚林·库普曼斯、尼古拉斯·布洛姆伯根与尼尔斯·杰尼。对一所三万在校生的大学而言，这份名单的密度相当罕见。

• The Spinoza Prize, the highest scientific award of the Netherlands, has gone to twenty-nine Leiden professors out of 112 laureates in the country, and the first was the literary historian Frits van Oostrom in 2010, honoured for turning the centre for Dutch literature and culture of the Middle Ages into a leading research centre.荷兰最高科学荣誉斯宾诺莎奖的 112 位得主中，有 29 位出自莱顿大学教授，首位是 2010 年获奖的文学史家弗里茨·范·奥斯特罗姆，获奖理由是他把中世纪荷兰文学与文化研究中心建成了领先的研究机构。

• The university has close ties to the Dutch state and its royal house. Queen Juliana, Queen Beatrix and King Willem-Alexander are alumni, ten prime ministers of the Netherlands studied at Leiden, Queen Beatrix received an honorary degree from the university in 2005, and John Quincy Adams studied there before becoming the sixth president of the United States.学校与荷兰国家及王室关系密切。朱丽安娜女王、贝娅特丽克丝女王与威廉·亚历山大国王均为校友，荷兰有十位首相曾在此就读，美国第六任总统约翰·昆西·亚当斯也曾在此求学。

• The Einstein manuscript found in a Leiden library in 2005, on the quantum theory of the monatomic ideal gas, is an unusual case of a document that changed the reading of physics after publication, and it is preserved as part of the university collections rather than as a museum object.2005 年在一处莱顿图书馆中发现的爱因斯坦手稿讨论了单原子理想气体的量子理论，是极少数在发表之后才改变物理学解读的文献，它作为学校馆藏的一部分被保存，而非作为博物馆展品。

• OpenAlex records 160,400 works and 14,122,027 citations for the institution under the identifier I121797337, so that the research record of the university is a large part of the output indexed for the Netherlands as a whole.OpenAlex 以 I121797337 为机构标识，收录莱顿大学成果 160,400 项、被引 14,122,027 次，其研究记录在荷兰整体科研产出中占有很大比重。

Student life

• The motto of the university is Libertatis Praesidium, the bastion of liberty, a phrase taken from the Latin Vulgate and appropriate to a foundation created in the same year as the revolt that produced the Dutch Republic.学校校训为拉丁语「Libertatis Praesidium」（自由之棱堡），语出《圣经》拉丁通行本，恰与创校同年爆发、促成荷兰共和国的起义相呼应。

• The Zweetkamertje, or Sweat Room, in the Academy Building is the best known student tradition of the university. Doctoral candidates once waited there for the verdict of their defence, and it has been customary since the eighteenth century for successful candidates to write their names on the walls.学术楼内的「汗房」是学校最著名的学生传统，博士生曾在此等候答辩结果，自 18 世纪起，答辩通过者在墙上签名逐渐成为惯例。

• The room has been signed by thousands of graduates, including honorary doctorate holders, and members of the Dutch royal family as well as Winston Churchill and Nelson Mandela, and in 2014 a crowdfunding campaign paid for the repair of its deteriorating plaster.房内墙上留有数千名毕业生与荣誉博士的签名，其中包括荷兰王室成员、温斯顿·丘吉尔与纳尔逊·曼德拉，2014 年一项网络募捐活动支付了这间小屋墙皮修复的费用。

• The doctorate itself is a public event. The candidate defends the thesis in a ceremony attended by the promotor and the opponents, and in Leiden the defence has traditionally been scheduled in the afternoon in a hall where the families and students of the faculty gather, so the whole academic community turns out.博士学位答辩本身就是一场公共活动，候选人在导师与反对者出席的仪式上宣读论文。莱顿的答辩历来安排在下午的会场，全院师生与家属都会到场，整个学术共同体因此共同出席。

• The university runs no system of college residences for its ordinary students, who find rented accommodation in Leiden and The Hague, and it is Leiden University College The Hague that provides the residential liberal arts experience for a limited number of students each year.学校不为普通学生提供学院制宿舍，学生需自行在莱顿与海牙租赁住房，有限名额的住宿制文理体验则由海牙莱顿大学学院每年提供。

• The colleges and faculties are the social unit of the university rather than the halls of residence, so that a student belongs to a faculty with its own societies, reading rooms and academic traditions, and this is why the university feels like a set of seven small universities.学院而非宿舍楼才是学校的社交单位，学生隶属某个学院，拥有自己的社团、阅览室与学术传统，学校也因此像是七所小型大学的集合。

• Leiden itself is a small city whose centre is dominated by the university, and the libraries, the Hortus Botanicus and the observatory are used as places of study and excursion by students, while the university is the nominal home of the Bilderberg meeting that brings political and economic figures from North America and Europe together.莱顿是一座小城，市中心由大学主导，图书馆、植物园与天文台既是学习场所也是学生的远足目的地，学校同时还是「Bilderberg 会议」的名义举办地，该会议把北美与欧洲的政界与经济界人物聚在一起。

Notable people

• William the Silent, Prince of Orange, founded the university in 1575 as a reward to a city that had resisted Spain, and he remains the single figure to whom its origin is traced in every official account of the institution.奥兰治亲王威廉（沉默者）于 1575 年创办这所大学，作为对一座抵抗西班牙之城的奖赏，在学校所有官方沿革叙述中，他都是唯一的创校人物。

• Justus Lipsius, a philologist who came from Leuven and took the chair of history at Leiden, is one of the founders of modern classical scholarship, and Joseph Scaliger, who worked at the university from 1593, added the critical apparatus that made historical dating an exact science.来自鲁汶的语文学家利普修斯在莱顿主持史学讲席，是现代古典学的奠基人之一；1593 年起在此任教的约瑟夫·斯卡利杰则加上了批判性的校勘体系，使历史断代成为精确的科学。

• Hugo Grotius, who studied at Leiden, wrote the first systematic treatment of international law and the law of war and peace, and he taught the same subject at the university, which is why the Grotius Centre of international legal studies carries his name.就读于莱顿的胡果·格老秀斯撰写了第一部系统的国际法与战争和平法论著，并曾在莱顿讲授同一学科，国际法研究中心格老秀斯中心即以他命名。

• Franciscus Gomarus and Jacobus Arminius conducted the controversy over predestination that divided Dutch Protestantism, and the university remained a battleground of that dispute during the years in which the States of Holland tried to control the dispute in the universities.戈马鲁斯与阿民念之间关于预定论的论战曾分裂荷兰新教各派，而莱顿大学正是这场论战的战场之一，当时荷兰省级议会还试图干预大学中的这场论争。

• Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, professor of physics at Leiden, was the first to liquefy helium in 1908 and received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913, and the cryogenic line he started is continued in the Leiden Institute of Physics.莱顿物理学教授海克·卡末林·昂内斯于 1908 年首次使氦液化，1913 年获诺贝尔物理学奖，他开创的低温研究谱系至今在莱顿物理研究所延续。

• Hendrik Antoon Lorentz explained the Zeeman effect discovered at Leiden in 1896 and shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1902, and Willem Einthoven, a professor of physiology, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1924 for the string galvanometer from which electrocardiography developed.亨德里克·洛伦兹解释了 1896 年在莱顿发现的塞曼效应，与他人分享 1902 年诺贝尔物理学奖；生理学教授威廉·埃因托芬则因弦线电流计促成心电图的发展，获 1924 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• Edsger Dijkstra, who studied mathematics and physics at Leiden, developed the shortest path algorithm that bears his name and argued in the 1950s that a program can be used to prove the correctness of its own design, which set the foundations of modern computer science.在莱顿修完数学与物理的埃兹加·迪赫斯特拉提出了以自己名字命名的最短路径算法，并在 20 世纪 50 年代论证程序可以用来证明自身设计的正确性，由此奠定了现代计算机科学的基础。

• Jan Tinbergen, who studied economics and econometrics at Leiden and became the first Nobel laureate in economics in 1969, and his brother Nikolaas Tinbergen, who studied zoology there and shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973 for the study of animal behaviour, both came out of this university.扬·廷伯根在莱顿修读经济学与计量经济学，1969 年成为首位诺贝尔经济学奖得主；其弟尼古拉斯·廷伯根在此修读动物学，因动物行为研究分享 1973 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，兄弟二人皆出自这所大学。

• Tobias Asser, professor of international law at Leiden, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1911 for his work on the law of international private relations, and Tjalling Koopmans, who took his doctorate at the university, shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1975 for linear programming.莱顿国际法教授托比亚斯·阿瑟因国际私法研究获 1911 年诺贝尔和平奖；在校取得博士学位的蒂亚林·库普曼斯则因线性规划与他人分享 1975 年诺贝尔经济学奖。

• Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, the Arabist who advised the Dutch colonial administration and wrote on Indonesian law and society, held a chair at Leiden for decades, and Johan Huizinga, author of The Waning of the Middle Ages, was professor of cultural history there.曾为荷兰殖民当局出谋划策、著述印尼法律与社会的人类学家克里斯蒂安·斯诺克·许尔赫洛涅在莱顿主持讲席数十年，《中世纪晚期的太阳》的作者约翰·赫伊津哈则是该校文化史教授。

• The political roll includes John Quincy Adams, the sixth president of the United States, and ten prime ministers of the Netherlands, while among the Taiwanese politicians counted among its graduates is Chen Yi-ch'i, chairman of the Taiwan Statebuilding Party, who took his doctorate at Leiden.政治界校友包括美国第六任总统约翰·昆西·亚当斯与荷兰的十位首相，台湾方面则有在该校取得博士学位的基进党主席陈奕齐等政治人物。