Lebanese University

The Lebanese University (LU, Arabic: الجامعة اللبنانية) is the only state-funded public university in Lebanon, established in 1951 and offering higher education almost free of charge to Lebanese, Arab and foreign students.黎巴嫩大学（阿拉伯语：الجامعة اللبنانية，简称 LU）是黎巴嫩唯一由国家出资的公立大学，创办于 1951 年，以近乎免费的方式为黎巴嫩、阿拉伯及外国学生提供高等教育。

It is organised into nineteen faculties and institutes spread over several campuses, with three main campuses at Hadath, Fanar and North Lebanon, and Arabic as the principal language of instruction.该校设有十九个学院与研究所，分布于多个校区，其中三个主校区分别位于哈达斯、法纳尔与黎巴嫩北部，教学以阿拉伯语为主。

It enrolled about 79,330 students in 2024, including 3,510 international students from 115 nationalities, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 626th in the world.2024 年该校在校学生约 79330 人，其中有来自 115 个国家的 3510 名国际学生；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 626 位。

History

• The idea of a national university was first raised by Foreign Minister Hamid Frangieh during the closing ceremony of the third UNESCO conference in Beirut on 11 December 1948, when he expressed the hope of seeing a Lebanese university with the spirit of UNESCO.创办一所国立大学的设想最早由外交部长哈米德·弗朗吉亚于 1948 年 12 月 11 日在贝鲁特举行的第三届联合国教科文组织大会闭幕式上提出，他表示希望看到一所具有教科文组织精神的黎巴嫩大学。
• The university was born from a broad popular and student movement that began on 23 January 1951 with a long general strike joined by secondary and university students, most of them from Saint Joseph University.该校诞生于一场广泛的民众与学生运动，这场运动始于 1951 年 1 月 23 日的一场长期总罢工，参与者包括中学生与大学生，其中多数来自圣约瑟夫大学。
• Demonstrations and clashes with the security forces forced the Council of Ministers to meet on 5 February 1951, a decisive step towards the foundation of a public university.游行示威以及与安全部队的冲突迫使部长会议于 1951 年 2 月 5 日召开会议，这是走向创办一所公立大学的关键一步。
• In that same year, 1951, the first nucleus of the Lebanese University appeared with the creation of the Higher Teachers' College and an Institute of Statistics under Dr Khalil al-Jurr, who became its first president.同年即 1951 年，随着高等师范学院与一所统计研究所在哈利勒·阿尔-朱尔博士主持下成立，黎巴嫩大学的最初雏形出现，他随即出任首位校长。
• Decree No. 25 of 26 February 1953 created a centre for financial and administrative studies attached to the university, later known as the Institute of Administration and Finance.1953 年 2 月 26 日的第 25 号法令设立了隶属于该校的财政与行政研究中心，即后来的「行政与财政研究所」。
• The same decree renamed the Higher Teachers' College as the Higher Teachers' Institute, and Fouad Afram al-Boustani led the university as president from 1953 to 1970.同一法令还把高等师范学院更名为高等师范研究所；福阿德·阿夫拉姆·阿尔-布斯坦尼自 1953 至 1970 年任该校校长。
• Organisational Decree No. 2883 of 16 December 1959 defined the Lebanese University as the institution carrying out official higher education in its various branches and grades.1959 年 12 月 16 日的第 2883 号组织法令明确规定，黎巴嫩大学是承担各级各类官方高等教育的机构。
• The basic law that consecrated the university's academic, administrative and financial independence was issued on 26 December 1967 under No. 75/67.确立该校学术、行政与财政独立地位的基本法于 1967 年 12 月 26 日以第 75/67 号文颁行。
• The teaching body was regulated by Law No. 6/70 of 23 February 1970, and the university's financial system was set by Decree No. 14246 of 14 April 1970.教师队伍依 1970 年 2 月 23 日的第 6/70 号法律加以规范，该校的财务制度则由 1970 年 4 月 14 日的第 14246 号法令确立。
• Until 1977 the university was restricted to eight faculties and institutes, all located in Beirut and its western suburbs.直至 1977 年，该校仅有八个学院与研究所，且全部位于贝鲁特及其西郊。
• When the Lebanese Civil War broke out in 1975, transport difficulties between regions led to the creation of branches in Beirut, Mount Lebanon, the North, the South, Nabatieh and the Beqaa valley.1975 年黎巴嫩内战爆发后，各地区之间交通困难，促使该校在贝鲁特、黎巴嫩山、北部、南部、纳巴蒂耶与贝卡谷地设立分校。
• The central administration nevertheless remained unified in the capital, Beirut, and today branches of the faculties operate in every governorate except the medical faculties, which stay in Beirut.尽管如此，中央行政仍统一设于首都贝鲁特；如今除留在贝鲁特的医学类学院外，各学院的分校已遍布每一个省区。
• Georges Tohme led the university through most of the war years, serving as president from 1980 to 1988, a period in which its scattered branches took shape.乔治·托赫梅在战争年代的大部分时间里领导该校，于 1980 至 1988 年任校长，其分散各地分校的格局正是在这一时期形成。
• Mohamed Mahmoud Majzoub became president in 1992, and Asaad Hussein Diab led the university from 1993 to 2000, overseeing the post-war reconstruction of its academic units.穆罕默德·马哈茂德·马吉祖卜于 1992 年出任校长，阿萨德·侯赛因·迪亚卜于 1993 至 2000 年领导该校，主持了战后各学术单位的重建。
• Ibrahim Mohamed Ali Qubaisi served as president from 2001 to 2006, and Zouhair Ali Shukr from 2006 to 2011, when the university expanded its institutes and its network of cooperation agreements.易卜拉欣·穆罕默德·阿里·库拜西于 2001 至 2006 年任校长，祖海尔·阿里·舒克尔于 2006 至 2011 年任校长，其间该校的研究所与合作协定网络不断扩展。
• In 2009 the university began awarding honorary doctorates to Lebanese personalities, adding to the list of heads of state and officials so honoured.2009 年，该校开始向黎巴嫩各界人士授予荣誉博士学位，此前获此殊荣者还包括若干国家元首与官员。
• Adnan al-Sayed Hussein was president from 2011 to 2016 and Fouad Hussein Ayoub from 2016 to 2021, when Bassam Badran took office as the current president.阿德南·赛义德·侯赛因于 2011 至 2016 年任校长，福阿德·侯赛因·阿尤布于 2016 至 2021 年任校长，其后贝萨姆·巴德兰接任现职。
• In the 2024 QS World University Rankings the Lebanese University reached 577th place, a record high after being placed in the 701 to 750 band in 2021.在 2024 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校升至世界第 577 位，创下历史新高，而 2021 年其所在的区间为第 701 至 750 位。
• The university today maintains more than one hundred cooperation agreements with local and international universities and institutions, and pursues the sustainable development goals of the 2030 Agenda.如今该校与国内外大学及机构签有 100 多项合作协定，并以实现 2030 年议程的可持续发展目标为方向。
• The university was conceived in the same mid-twentieth-century wave of nation-building that produced public universities across the Arab world.该校诞生于 20 世纪中叶席卷阿拉伯世界的建国浪潮之中，同一时期多国纷纷创办国立大学。
• Lebanon's 1961 higher education law required only law degrees to carry government endorsement, so the university's public role in certifying professional degrees developed gradually over the following decades.黎巴嫩 1961 年的高等教育法仅要求法学学位须经政府认可，因此该校在专业学位认证上的公共职能在此后数十年间才逐步确立。

Academics

• The Lebanese University is organised into nineteen faculties and institutes, making it the largest higher education institution in Lebanon by the number of academic units.黎巴嫩大学设有十九个学院与研究所，按学术单位数量计是黎巴嫩规模最大的高等教育机构。
• Its faculties include law and political science, letters and human sciences, science, engineering, technology, economics and business administration, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and public health.其学院涵盖法学与政治学、文学与人文科学、理学、工程、技术、经济学与工商管理、医学、牙医学、药学以及公共卫生。
• It also has faculties of education, fine arts and architecture, agriculture, and tourism and hospitality management, as well as institutes of social sciences and applied sciences.该校还设有教育、美术与建筑、农业以及旅游与酒店管理等学院，以及社会科学与应用科学研究所。
• Three Doctoral Schools coordinate doctoral training in sciences and technology, in law, political, administrative and economic sciences, and in literature, human and social sciences.三个博士学院分别统筹科学与技术、法律与政治行政经济科学、文学人文与社会科学三个方向的博士培养。
• The Institute of Applied Sciences and Economics, known as CNAM-ISAE, is affiliated with the university and operates in cooperation with CNAM in France.该校附属的「应用科学与经济研究所」（简称 CNAM-ISAE）与法国国立工艺学院合作运营。
• In the 2024 figures the university enrolled about 79,330 students, and its student body has traditionally been the most socially diverse in the country.按 2024 年数据，该校在校生约 79330 人，其学生群体历来是黎巴嫩社会构成最为多元的。
• Some 3,510 international students from 115 nationalities study at the university, alongside 899 students arriving from other universities, giving it a markedly international student body.约有来自 115 个国家的 3510 名国际学生在此就读，另有 899 名从其他大学转入的学生，使其学生构成具有明显的国际化特征。
• Tuition is kept very low, with licence-level fees of 13,235,000 Lebanese pounds for Lebanese and Palestinian students and 60,735,000 pounds for Arab and foreign students per year.该校学费极低，本科阶段黎巴嫩与巴勒斯坦学生每年学费为 13235000 黎巴嫩镑，阿拉伯与外国学生则为 60735000 黎巴嫩镑。
• The Faculty of Science is one of the largest faculties in terms of student numbers, offering bachelor's and master's degrees and running some 55 distinct master's programmes.理学院是学生人数最多的学院之一，提供学士与硕士学位，并开设约 55 个互不重复的硕士项目。
• Its master's programmes are offered at three main campuses, at Hadath, Fanar and North Lebanon, and are supervised by the Deanship of the Faculty of Science under uniform academic standards.其硕士项目在哈达斯、法纳尔与黎巴嫩北部三个主校区开设，由理学院院务委员会以统一的学术标准加以监督。
• The Faculty of Economics and Business Administration operates six branches across the country, receives between 5,000 and 7,000 applicants a year and admits around 2,000 students.经济与工商管理学院在全国设有六个分校，每年收到 5000 至 7000 份入学申请，录取约 2000 名学生。
• Some 7,000 students are enrolled in that faculty and it awards 800 to 1,000 bachelor's and master's degrees each year, taught by about 500 professors and researchers.该学院在校生约 7000 人，每年授予 800 至 1000 个学士与硕士学位，由约 500 名教授与研究人员任课。
• The Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences offers specialisations in literature, philosophy, human sciences, languages and archaeology, and its research centre issues an electronic research journal.文学与人文科学学院开设文学、哲学、人文科学、语言与考古等专业，其研究中心出版电子学术期刊。
• Instruction is given mainly in Arabic, with French and English used in many scientific and technical programmes, reflecting Lebanon's multilingual academic tradition.教学主要以阿拉伯语进行，许多科学与技术课程则使用法语与英语，反映出黎巴嫩多语言的学术传统。
• The university's libraries occupy some 12,330 square metres and serve students and researchers across its campuses and branches.该校图书馆总面积约 12330 平方米，为各校区与分校的学生与研究人员提供服务。
• With more than one hundred cooperation agreements with local and international institutions, the university takes part in the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development and in regional academic dialogue.该校与国内外机构签有 100 多项合作协定，参与 2030 年可持续发展议程以及地区学术对话。
• The Faculty of Engineering at the Roumieh campus and the Faculty of Technology train engineers and technicians for Lebanon's construction, energy and telecommunications sectors.位于鲁迈赫校区的工程学院与技术学院为黎巴嫩的建筑、能源与电信行业培养工程师与技术人才。
• Teaching hospitals and affiliated research centres support the medical, dental and pharmaceutical faculties, which remain centralised in Beirut rather than dispersed like the other faculties.教学医院与附属研究中心为医学、牙医学与药学等学院提供支撑，这些学院仍集中于贝鲁特，而不像其他学院那样分散各地。

Campus

• The university has three main campuses, the Rafic Hariri campus at Hadath, the Fanar campus and the North Lebanon campus, from which its branches across the country are administered.该校有三个主校区，即位于哈达斯的拉菲克·哈里里校区、法纳尔校区与黎巴嫩北部校区，全国各地的分校均由此管理。
• The main campus was originally located in Beirut, but satellite campuses were opened during the Lebanese Civil War because travel between regions had become difficult.主校区最初位于贝鲁特，但因内战期间地区间往来困难，遂开设了若干卫星校区。
• The Roumieh campus, which houses the Faculty of Engineering, is one of those satellite campuses, situated in the mountains east of Beirut.设有工程学院的鲁迈赫校区即为这类卫星校区之一，位于贝鲁特以东的山区。
• Branches of the faculties now operate in every Lebanese governorate, while the faculties of medical sciences, dentistry, pharmacy and agriculture, and the higher doctoral institutes, remain unified in Beirut.如今各学院的分校已遍及黎巴嫩每一个省区，而医学、牙医学、药学与农业等学院以及高等博士研究所则仍统一设在贝鲁特。
• The central administration and the presidency have stayed in the capital, Beirut, keeping a single unified management across the whole dispersed network.中央行政与校长办公机构始终留在首都贝鲁特，使这一分散的网络维持统一的管理。
• The Hadath campus lies on the southern outskirts of Beirut, in the same district where the university keeps several of its medical and scientific units, reachable from central Beirut by a short drive along the southern coastal road.哈达斯校区位于贝鲁特南郊，该校的若干医学与科学单位也集中在这一区，沿南部滨海公路短程车行即可从贝鲁特市中心到达。
• The Fanar campus is situated in the Mount Lebanon area east of the capital, while the North Lebanon campus serves the northern city of Tripoli and its region.法纳尔校区位于首都以东的黎巴嫩山地区，黎巴嫩北部校区则服务于北部城市的黎波里及其周边地区。
• The university libraries, spread over some 12,330 square metres, serve the campuses and branches, though the medical and doctoral faculties stay in the Beirut area.该校图书馆总面积约 12330 平方米，分布在各个校区与分校，而医学类与博士类学院仍集中在贝鲁特一带。
• Students and staff move between campuses by road, and the Beirut campuses are linked to the city centre by taxi and bus services that also connect the Hadath and Fanar sites.师生通过公路在校园之间往来，贝鲁特各校区借由出租车与公交与市中心相连，这些线路也连起哈达斯与法纳尔两处校址。
• Because the branches reach into the poorest governorates, the university's physical presence is felt in towns that have no other higher education provider within easy reach.由于分校深入最贫困的省区，该校的实际存在体现在那些附近再无其他高等教育机构可及的城镇之中。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the Lebanese University is placed 626th in the world, the highest position ever recorded by a Lebanese public university.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，黎巴嫩大学位列世界第 626 位，为黎巴嫩公立大学取得过的最高名次。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it in the 1601 to 1800 band, after appearing in the 1201 to 1500 group in 2026.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列于世界第 1601 至 1800 区间，其 2026 年则位于第 1201 至 1500 区间。 ^[1]
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026 to 2027 places the university 1778th in the world.2026 至 2027 年版《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名将该校列为世界第 1778 位。
• It is not included in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities published by ShanghaiRanking.该校未进入上海软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名。
• OpenAlex attributes 18,179 works and 516,894 citations to the university, a record reflecting its role as the main research producer in the Lebanese public sector.OpenAlex 数据库为该校收录 18179 篇成果、被引用 516894 次，这一记录体现出它是黎巴嫩公立体系中主要的研究产出者。
• In the 2024 QS World University Rankings it climbed to 577th, a record high that followed a placing in the 701 to 750 band in 2021.在 2024 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校升至第 577 位，创下历史新高，此前 2021 年其所在区间为第 701 至 750 位。
• As the country's only public university, it is credited with giving access to higher education to students who could not afford Lebanon's private universities.作为该国唯一的公立大学，它被公认为让负担不起私立大学学费的学生获得了接受高等教育的机会。
• Alongside it in the private sector stand Saint Joseph University, the Lebanese American University, Beirut Arab University, Notre Dame University-Louaize and Antonine University.与它相对应的私立部门则包括圣约瑟夫大学、黎巴嫩美国大学、贝鲁特阿拉伯大学、卢阿伊泽圣母大学与安托宁大学。
• Since 2009 the university has awarded honorary doctorates to heads of state and leading personalities, strengthening its standing as a national institution.自 2009 年以来，该校向国家元首与知名人士授予荣誉博士学位，进一步巩固了其作为国立学府的地位。
• As Lebanon's leading public university it is often compared abroad with the country's private universities, which are generally stronger in the international rankings.作为黎巴嫩领先的公立大学，它在国际上常与本国私立大学相比较，后者在国际排名中通常更为靠前。

Student life

• The university has no single official motto in common use, stressing instead nearly free education, scientific research and service to the community.该校并无广为使用的单一正式校训，而是强调近乎免费的教育、科学研究与服务社会。
• Nearly free tuition is central to its identity, and the annual licence-level fee for Lebanese and Palestinian students is 13,235,000 Lebanese pounds.近乎免费的学费是其身份的核心理念，黎巴嫩与巴勒斯坦学生的本科年学费为 13235000 黎巴嫩镑。
• Arabic is the main language of campus life, while French and English are widely used in scientific faculties, mirroring the multilingual society of Lebanon.阿拉伯语是校园生活的主要语言，而科学与技术学院则广泛使用法语与英语，映照出黎巴嫩多语社会的面貌。
• Students come from every governorate, and the branches created during the civil war allow many to study close to home rather than travel to Beirut.学生来自各个省区，内战期间设立的分校让许多人得以在家乡附近就读，而不必远赴贝鲁特。
• The student body has historically been among the most politically active in Lebanon, from the 1951 strike that helped found the university to later movements.该校学生群体历来是黎巴嫩政治参与最为活跃的群体之一，从 1951 年促成建校的罢工到后来的多次学生运动皆然。
• The university's part in the 1951 general strike, joined by pupils and students from Saint Joseph University, remains a founding element of its collective memory.该校在 1951 年总罢工中的角色——当时圣约瑟夫大学的学生也曾参与——至今仍是其集体记忆中的奠基性事件。
• Campus life differs greatly between the urban Beirut campuses and the regional branches, which often anchor higher education in smaller towns far from the capital.校园生活在贝鲁特城市校区与各地区分校之间差异很大，后者常常成为远离首都的小城镇中高等教育的支柱。
• Honorary doctorate ceremonies, held since 2009 for Lebanese and foreign figures, give students and staff an annual occasion to share in national public life.自 2009 年起为黎巴嫩与外国知名人士举行的荣誉博士授予典礼，为学生与教职员提供了参与国家公共生活的年度场合。
• Graduation ceremonies and academic conferences are held on the different campuses, giving the dispersed university a shared calendar of public events.毕业典礼与学术会议在不同校区举行，使这所分散的大学拥有共同的公共日程。
• Student societies, sports teams and academic clubs are organised per faculty and branch, so campus culture reflects the differing character of each region of Lebanon.学生社团、运动队与学术俱乐部按学院与分校分别组织，因此校园文化反映出黎巴嫩各个地区的不同特点。

Notable people

• Hamid Frangieh, Foreign Minister of Lebanon, proposed the creation of a national university in his UNESCO conference speech in Beirut on 11 December 1948.黎巴嫩外交部长哈米德·弗朗吉亚于 1948 年 12 月 11 日在贝鲁特的教科文组织大会演讲中提议创办一所国立大学。
• Khalil al-Jurr, who directed the Higher Teachers' College and an Institute of Statistics, became the first president of the university in 1951.主持高等师范学院与统计研究所的哈利勒·阿尔-朱尔于 1951 年出任该校首位校长。
• Fouad Afram al-Boustani led the university as president from 1953 to 1970 and founded the Lebanese University Publications, which issued a large collection of books.福阿德·阿夫拉姆·阿尔-布斯坦尼于 1953 至 1970 年任校长，并创办黎巴嫩大学出版社，出版了数量可观的著作。
• Bassam Badran has served as president of the Lebanese University since 2021, heading an institution of nineteen faculties and institutes.贝萨姆·巴德兰自 2021 年起担任该校校长，领导着拥有十九个学院与研究所的机构。
• Nabih Berri, an alumnus, has been Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament since 1992, one of the longest-serving parliamentary speakers in the world.校友纳比赫·贝里自 1992 年起担任黎巴嫩议会议长，是世界在任时间最长的议会议长之一。
• Michel Suleiman, a graduate of the university, served as the eleventh President of Lebanon from 2008 to 2014 after a career as a military officer.该校毕业生米歇尔·苏莱曼在军中任职后，于 2008 至 2014 年出任黎巴嫩第十一任总统。
• Omar Karami, an alumnus, served as Prime Minister of Lebanon in the 1990s and again in the 2000s.校友奥马尔·卡拉米曾于 20 世纪 90 年代以及 2000 年代两度出任黎巴嫩总理。
• Naim Qassem, who studied at the university, became secretary-general of Hezbollah in 2024.曾在黎巴嫩大学就读的纳伊姆·卡西姆于 2024 年出任真主党总书记。
• Vartine Ohanian, an alumna, served as Lebanon's Minister of Youth and Sports, and Najat A. Saliba, also an alumna, is a noted chemist and politician.校友瓦尔蒂娜·奥哈尼安曾任黎巴嫩青年与体育部长；同为校友的娜贾特·萨利巴则是知名化学家与政治人物。
• Ahmed Nasri, a graduate of the university, became president of Fahd bin Sultan University in Saudi Arabia, carrying the institution's academic model abroad.该校毕业生艾哈迈德·纳斯里出任沙特阿拉伯的法赫德·本·苏丹大学校长，把这所大学的教学模式带到了国外。