Kyrgyz National University

The Kyrgyz National University, named after the eleventh century poet Jusup Balasagyn, is the oldest and largest higher education institution in Kyrgyzstan, with its main buildings in the capital, Bishkek.吉尔吉斯国立大学以十一世纪诗人尤素福·巴拉萨贡命名，是吉尔吉斯斯坦历史最悠久、规模最大的高等教育机构，主校区位于首都比什凯克。

It began on 25 October 1925 as the Kyrgyz Institute of Education, created to train local schoolteachers, and was raised to university status in 1951 and to national university status in 1993.该校于 1925 年 10 月 25 日以吉尔吉斯教育学院之名创办，任务是培养本地中小学教师，1951 年升格为大学，1993 年成为国立大学。

It sits in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, entered the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 as a reporter without a rank, and OpenAlex records 1,774 works and 6,107 citations for it.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位于第 1201-1400 位区间，进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名榜单但未获名次，OpenAlex 记录其论文 1,774 篇、被引 6,107 次。

History

• The institution was decided upon on 25 October 1925, when the Soviet authorities in the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast resolved to open an Institute of Education whose purpose was to train the local population as schoolteachers.1925 年 10 月 25 日，卡拉-吉尔吉斯自治州的苏维埃当局决定开办教育学院，其宗旨是把当地居民培养成中小学教师。
• When the Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast was reorganised into the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1926, the young institute became the republic's principal establishment for teacher training.1926 年卡拉-吉尔吉斯自治州改组为吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义自治共和国后，这所年轻的学院成为共和国培养师资的主要机构。
• In 1928 the government of the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic transformed the Institute of Education into the Kirghiz Central Pedagogical Technical School, shifting the emphasis from short courses to a structured technical programme.1928 年，吉尔吉斯自治共和国政府把教育学院改组为吉尔吉斯中央师范技术学校，使办学重心从短期课程转向系统的技术教育。
• In August 1929 the school added new buildings and equipment and invited specialists and teachers from other Soviet republics, an early instance of the external academic recruitment that has shaped the university ever since.1929 年 8 月，学校添建校舍与设备，并从其他苏维埃共和国聘请专家与教师，这种外部引才的做法自此一直影响该校的发展。
• On 13 January 1932 the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR converted it into the Kyrgyz State Pedagogical Institute named after Mikhail Frunze, the Bolshevik commander born in Pishpek, now Bishkek, in 1885.1932 年 1 月 13 日，苏联人民委员会将其升格为以米哈伊尔·伏龙芝命名的吉尔吉斯国立师范学院，伏龙芝是 1885 年生于皮什佩克、即今比什凯克的布尔什维克军事领导人。
• The institute opened with four faculties, physics and mathematics, biology, literature and social sciences, and its first academic year began on 3 October 1933 with a curriculum modelled on Soviet teacher training.该学院初设物理与数学、生物、文学、社会科学四个系，1933 年 10 月 3 日开始第一个学年，课程依照苏联师范教育模式设置。
• On 1 September 1939 the Kyrgyz Medical Academy was established within the same institutional lineage with an intake of 200 students, planting the seed of what is today the university's medical faculty.1939 年 9 月 1 日，吉尔吉斯医学院在同一办学脉络中成立，首批招收 200 名学生，为今日该校的医学系埋下种子。
• By 1941 the library had grown to 134,000 volumes, many of them obtained from universities in Moscow, Leningrad and other major Soviet cities, giving the institution a research collection far beyond a normal teachers college.到 1941 年，图书馆藏书已达 134,000 册，其中许多来自莫斯科、列宁格勒等苏联大城市的大学，使这所机构的馆藏远远超出普通师范院校的水平。
• On 21 May 1951 the institution was transformed into the Kyrgyz State University, with faculties of philology, biology, physics, mathematics, history, geology and geodesy, a decisive step from teacher training to a full classical university.1951 年 5 月 21 日，学校升格为吉尔吉斯国立大学，设语文、生物、物理、数学、历史、地质与大地测量等系，完成了从师范院校向完整古典大学的决定性转变。
• By decree of the Council of Ministers of the Kirghiz SSR the new university was placed in the first category of higher educational institutions, the highest classification then used in the Soviet system.根据吉尔吉斯苏维埃社会主义共和国部长会议的决议，这所新大学被列入高等教育机构第一类，即当时苏联体制中的最高等级。
• B. Zhamgyrchinov served as the university's first rector from 1951 to 1954, opening a rectoral line that would run through B. Yunusaliev, S. Tabyshaliev and M. Imanaliev in the Soviet period.扎姆吉尔奇诺夫于 1951 至 1954 年出任首任校长，开启了苏联时期由尤努萨利耶夫、塔贝沙利耶夫与伊马纳利耶夫相继接任的校长序列。
• S. Tabyshaliev held the rectorate from 1960 to 1977, the longest tenure in the university's history, a period in which the faculties expanded to match the republic's growing demand for teachers, engineers and physicians.塔贝沙利耶夫自 1960 至 1977 年担任校长，是该校历史上任期最长的一位，其间各系规模扩大，以回应共和国对教师、工程师与医生日益增长的需求。
• On 11 December 1972 the institution was renamed the Kyrgyz State University on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the USSR, a typical Soviet honour marking the union's half century.1972 年 12 月 11 日，学校在苏联成立五十周年之际更名为吉尔吉斯国立大学，这是苏联时期常见的纪念性命名。
• In 1982 the university was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, a Soviet decoration for sustained achievement in education and research that remains part of its institutional record.1982 年，该校获颁劳动红旗勋章，这是苏联为表彰教育与科研长期成就而设的荣誉，至今仍属其校史的一部分。
• With the independence of Kyrgyzstan on 31 August 1991 the university became the flagship national institution of a sovereign state, and its degrees and curricula were rebuilt around national priorities.1991 年 8 月 31 日吉尔吉斯斯坦独立后，该校成为主权国家的旗舰学府，其学位与课程围绕国家优先事项重新构建。
• On 11 August 1993 it was transformed into the Kyrgyz State National University, a status that confirmed its role as the republic's leading comprehensive university.1993 年 8 月 11 日，学校改制为吉尔吉斯国立大学（KGNU），这一地位确认了其作为共和国领头综合性大学的角色。
• The academic journal Vestnik KNU was founded in 1997, registered with the Ministry of Justice of Kyrgyzstan and later listed among the peer reviewed journals recommended by the republic's Higher Attestation Commission.学术期刊《吉尔吉斯国立大学通报》于 1997 年创办，在吉尔吉斯斯坦司法部注册，后来被列入共和国最高学位评定委员会推荐的同行评议期刊名单。
• By decree of President Askar Akayev on 11 May 2002 the university was renamed after Yusuf Balasaghuni, the author of the Kutadgu Bilig, a Turkic mirror for princes completed in the eleventh century.2002 年 5 月 11 日，阿卡尔·阿卡耶夫总统颁布法令，以《福乐智慧》作者尤素福·巴拉萨古尼之名重新命名该校，这部十一世纪的突厥语劝诫之作被视为君主治国的镜鉴。
• A licence agreement signed on 1 March 2016 added Vestnik KNU to the Russian Science Citation Index, extending the visibility of Kyrgyz scholarship into the wider post Soviet academic space.2016 年 3 月 1 日签署的许可协议使《吉尔吉斯国立大学通报》进入俄罗斯科学引文索引，把吉尔吉斯学术成果的可见度扩展到整个后苏联学术空间。
• In August 2023 the Faculty of Medicine concluded a memorandum of cooperation with Yenepoya University of India, with Yenepoya International Education in Bishkek acting as the academic partner for a six year MD Physician programme.2023 年 8 月，医学系与印度叶尼波亚大学签署合作备忘录，由设在比什凯克的叶尼波亚国际教育作为学术伙伴，共同开办六年制医学博士项目。
• That partnership made the university the first in Central Asia to run a medical faculty in association with an international university, and its graduates are prepared for the USMLE, NMC and ECFMG requirements.这项合作使该校成为中亚首个与国际大学联合开办医学院的高校，其毕业生按美国医师执照考试、印度国家医学委员会与外国医学毕业生教育委员会的要求培养。

Academics

• The university is organised into 19 faculties and 61 academic departments, spanning medicine, natural sciences, engineering related fields, economics, law, the humanities, journalism and international relations.该校设有 19 个系与 61 个教研室，覆盖医学、自然科学、工程相关领域、经济学、法学、人文、新闻与国际关系等学科。
• Its science and technology faculties include Mathematics, Computer Science and Cybernetics, Physics and Electronics, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Biology, and Geography, Ecology and Tourism.其理工类系包括数学、计算机科学与控制论系，物理与电子学系，化学与化工系，生物系，以及地理、生态与旅游系。
• The humanities are taught through the faculties of Kyrgyz Philology, Russian and Slavic Philology, History and Regional Studies, Foreign Languages, Journalism and Social and Human Sciences.人文学科由吉尔吉斯语文学系、俄罗斯与斯拉夫语文学系、历史与区域研究系、外语系、新闻系以及社会与人文科学系承担。
• Professional training is concentrated in the faculties of Economics, Law, Management and Business, State and Municipal Management, and International Relations and Oriental Studies.专业训练集中于经济系、法律系、管理与商业系、国家和市政管理系以及国际关系与东方学系。
• Two bilingual faculties, the Kyrgyz-European Faculty and the Kyrgyz-Chinese Faculty, together with the Confucius Institute, anchor the university's regional and international teaching partnerships.吉尔吉斯-欧洲系与吉尔吉斯-中国系这两个双语系，连同孔子学院，构成该校区域与国际教学合作的支柱。
• Language and culture centres for Korean, Turkish and Japanese, including the Turkish Resource Centre named after the 2015 Nobel laureate in chemistry Aziz Sancar, operate within the university.校内设有韩语、土耳其语与日语语言文化中心，其中包括以 2015 年诺贝尔化学奖得主阿齐兹·桑贾尔命名的土耳其资源中心。
• Teaching is delivered through 56 undergraduate programmes, five five year programmes, 32 master's programmes, 14 secondary vocational programmes and 10 correspondence programmes at the Faculty of Economics and Pedagogy in Osh.教学通过 56 个本科项目、5 个五年制项目、32 个硕士项目、14 个中等职业教育项目以及奥什经济与教育系的 10 个函授项目开展。
• The academic process follows the Bologna model of bachelor, master and doctorate cycles, which Kyrgyzstan adopted as part of its integration into the European Higher Education Area.教学过程遵循博洛尼亚模式的学士、硕士、博士三级学制，吉尔吉斯斯坦在融入欧洲高等教育区的过程中采用了这一体系。
• In the 2016-2017 academic year the university employed 2,654 teaching staff, of whom 1,908, or 71.9 per cent, held a scientific degree, alongside 271 part time and non teaching employees.2016-2017 学年，该校有教学人员 2,654 人，其中 1,908 人即 71.9% 拥有学位，另有 271 名兼职与非教学人员。
• Counting full time and part time instructors together, the university employed 67 professors and 339 associate professors, a concentration of senior academic titles unusual outside the capital.把全职与兼职教师合计，该校拥有 67 名教授与 339 名副教授，这一高级职称密度在首都以外并不多见。
• The highest collegiate management body is the Scientific Council with 63 members, while a Board of Trustees of eight public figures, scientists and graduates performs the supervisory function.最高集体管理机构是由 63 名成员组成的学术委员会，监督职能则由八名公众人物、科学家与校友组成的董事会承担。
• The Scientific Library, established in 1932 on the basis of the Kyrgyz Pedagogical Institute, is one of the largest university libraries in Kyrgyzstan and is named after Asanbek Tabaldiev.科学图书馆于 1932 年在吉尔吉斯师范学院的基础上建立，是吉尔吉斯斯坦最大的大学图书馆之一，以阿桑别克·塔巴尔德耶夫命名。
• After transfers of literature from Odessa, Kiev, Kharkov, Kazakh and Tomsk in 1951 and from the academies of sciences of Armenia, Georgia, Uzbekistan and Ukraine, the library now occupies eight educational buildings and employs 60 staff.1951 年该馆从敖德萨、基辅、哈尔科夫、哈萨克与托木斯克，以及亚美尼亚、格鲁吉亚、乌兹别克斯坦与乌克兰的科学院获得大批图书，如今馆舍分布于八座教学楼，有 60 名工作人员。
• Vestnik KNU publishes scientific, educational and informational material and, since its 2016 inclusion in the Russian Science Citation Index, has served as the university's main channel for peer reviewed research.《吉尔吉斯国立大学通报》刊载科学、教育与信息类文稿，自 2016 年进入俄罗斯科学引文索引以来，已成为该校同行评议研究的主要发布渠道。
• The Faculty of Medicine runs a six year MD Physician programme with Yenepoya International Education, using the Indian university's teaching platform and meeting USMLE, NMC and ECFMG regulatory requirements.医学系与叶尼波亚国际教育合办六年制医学博士项目，采用印度方面的教学平台，并满足美国医师执照考试、印度国家医学委员会与外国医学毕业生教育委员会的规范要求。
• Six colleges, namely Medical, Pedagogical, Juridical, Economics, Kyrgyz-Chinese and IT, deliver vocational and sub degree training that feeds students into the university's bachelor programmes.医学、师范、法律、经济、吉尔吉斯-中国与信息技术六所学院提供职业与准学位教育，为学生升入该校本科项目输送生源。

Campus

• The university is based in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, a city of more than one million people in the Chuy Valley below the Ala-Too range of the Tian Shan mountains.该校位于吉尔吉斯斯坦首都比什凯克，这座人口逾百万的城市坐落在天山阿拉套山脚下的楚河谷地。
• Rather than a single walled site, the university occupies a network of teaching buildings in the capital, and its scientific library alone is spread across eight educational buildings.该校没有单一的围墙式校园，而是在首都分布着一批教学楼，仅科学图书馆就分散在八座教学楼之中。
• The Scientific Library named after Asanbek Tabaldiev serves as the main study space, holding a collection that grew from 134,000 volumes in 1941 into one of the largest academic collections in the country.以阿桑别克·塔巴尔德耶夫命名的科学图书馆是主要自习场所，其馆藏从 1941 年的 134,000 册增长为全国最大的学术藏书之一。
• The National Gymnasium of the KNU and the Department of Physical Culture and Sports operate from the campus, giving students organised facilities for athletics, ball games and wrestling.该校的附属中学与国家体育、体育系均设于校园内，为学生提供田径、球类与摔跤等有组织的运动设施。
• The Faculty of Economics and Pedagogy in Osh, the country's second city in the Fergana Valley, delivers ten correspondence programmes and extends the university's reach to southern Kyrgyzstan.位于费尔干纳谷地、该国第二大城市奥什的经济与教育系开设 10 个函授项目，把学校的影响力延伸至吉尔吉斯斯坦南部。
• The Confucius Institute and the Korean, Turkish and Japanese centres occupy dedicated rooms on campus, where language clubs, film screenings and cultural evenings are held through the academic year.孔子学院以及韩语、土耳其语、日语中心在校园内拥有专门场所，学年中在此举办语言角、电影放映与文化晚会。
• Because the buildings sit within Bishkek's street grid, students move between faculties by city bus and trolleybus, and the campus is woven into the daily life of the capital rather than set apart from it.由于校舍位于比什凯克的城市路网之中，学生在各系之间搭乘公交与无轨电车往来，校园因此融入首都的日常生活，而非与之相隔绝。
• The main administrative offices, the press service and the department handling the preparation and issue of education documents are concentrated in the central buildings, which also host the Scientific Council.主要行政办公室、新闻处以及负责学历文件制作与发放的部门集中在中心楼群，学术委员会也在此开会。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the Kyrgyz National University is placed in the 1201-1400 band, the only Kyrgyz institution in that group of the table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，吉尔吉斯国立大学位于 1201-1400 区间，是该区间内唯一的吉尔吉斯高校。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it is listed as a reporter, meaning that it entered the data collection for the ranking but did not receive a position.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校被列为数据提交院校，即进入榜单数据收集但未获名次。
• It did not enter the 2026-2027 U.S. News global universities table, and it was not included in the main list of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.该校未进入 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单，也未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• OpenAlex attributes 1,774 works and 6,107 citations to the university, a modest output that reflects the small size of the Kyrgyz research system rather than the absence of scholarship.OpenAlex 记录该校 1,774 篇论文与 6,107 次被引，这一产出规模偏小，反映的是吉尔吉斯科研体系整体体量有限，而非缺乏学术活动。
• As the oldest higher education institution in the country, founded in 1925, it predates every other university in Kyrgyzstan and supplied the first cohorts of the republic's teachers, doctors and civil servants.作为该国历史最悠久的高等学府，该校创办于 1925 年，比吉尔吉斯斯坦其他任何大学都早，为共和国输送了首批教师、医生与公务员。
• Its 1982 Order of the Red Banner of Labour and its Soviet era first category status remain the only such distinctions held by a Kyrgyz university.该校 1982 年获得的劳动红旗勋章与苏联时期的第一类院校地位，是吉尔吉斯高校中仅有的此类殊荣。
• The 2023 partnership with Yenepoya University was presented as the first medical faculty in Central Asia created with an international university, giving the institution a niche in medical education for the region.2023 年与叶尼波亚大学的合作被定位为中亚首个与国际大学共建的医学院，使该校在区域医学教育中占据了独特位置。
• Its language centres and the Confucius Institute make it one of the most internationally connected universities in the country, with partnerships reaching India, Turkey, Korea, Japan and China.该校的语言中心与孔子学院使其成为国内国际联系最广的大学之一，合作伙伴遍及印度、土耳其、韩国、日本与中国。
• The university's regional standing rests on its role in training the state and municipal managers, diplomats and journalists who staff the Kyrgyz civil service and media.该校的区域声望建立在其培养国家和市政管理者、外交官与记者的作用之上，这些毕业生构成了吉尔吉斯公务员与媒体队伍的主体。

Student life

• The university does not promulgate a formal Latin motto, and its public identity instead rests on the name of Jusup Balasagyn and on his Kutadgu Bilig, completed in 1069 and 1070 as a guide to just rule.该校没有颁布正式的拉丁文校训，其公共形象转而依托尤素福·巴拉萨贡之名及其《福乐智慧》，这部著作于 1069 至 1070 年完成，被视为公正治国的指南。
• A Youth Committee and a Council of Young Scientists represent student and early career interests, complementing the Academic Workers' Union that defends the professional interests of teachers.青年委员会与青年科学家委员会代表学生与青年学者的利益，与维护教师职业利益的教育工作者工会相辅相成。
• Nowruz, the spring equinox festival celebrated on 21 March and a public holiday in Kyrgyzstan, brings students into courtyards and squares for music, sumolok and traditional games each year.每年 3 月 21 日的诺鲁孜节是吉尔吉斯斯坦的公共假日，学生届时聚集在庭院与广场，举行音乐、麦芽甜粥与传统游戏等活动。
• The Korean, Turkish and Japanese centres run language clubs, calligraphy sessions and film evenings that draw students from across the faculties and give the campus a distinctly multilingual calendar.韩语、土耳其语与日语中心举办语言角、书法课与电影晚会，吸引各系学生参与，使校园日程带有鲜明的多语色彩。
• Sport is organised through the National Gymnasium and the Department of Physical Culture and Sports, with students training in athletics, football, volleyball and Kyrgyz traditional wrestling.体育活动由附属中学与体育系组织，学生进行田径、足球、排球以及吉尔吉斯传统摔跤等项目的训练。
• The Confucius Institute hosts Chinese language competitions, tea ceremonies and calligraphy demonstrations, and administers proficiency testing for students preparing to study in China.孔子学院举办汉语比赛、茶艺与书法展示，并为准备赴华留学的学生组织汉语水平测试。
• Students from the southern city of Osh and the Fergana Valley often follow correspondence programmes, travelling to Bishkek for examinations and returning home between sessions.来自南部奥什与费尔干纳谷地的学生多攻读函授项目，考试期间赴比什凯克，学期之间返回家乡。
• The main library and its reading rooms function as the social centre of academic life, and graduating cohorts are sent off each June in ceremonies attended by faculty and families.主图书馆及其阅览室是学术生活的社交中心，每年六月学校为毕业生举行送别仪式，师生与家人共同出席。

Notable people

• Turdakun Usubaliev, who led the Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan as First Secretary from 1961 to 1985, is the university's most prominent political alumnus and shaped the republic for a quarter of a century.图尔达昆·乌苏巴利耶夫自 1961 至 1985 年任吉尔吉斯共产党第一书记，是该校最著名的政治校友，主政共和国长达四分之一个世纪。
• Alykul Osmonov, the Kyrgyz poet who modernised the republic's verse and whose lines are still recited at national celebrations, studied at the pedagogical institute in the 1930s.吉尔吉斯诗人阿雷库尔·奥斯莫诺夫推动了共和国诗歌的现代化，其诗句至今仍在全国庆典上被朗诵，他于 1930 年代就读于这所师范学院。
• Kazat Akmatov, honoured as a People's Writer of Kyrgyzstan, and Shabdanbai Abdyramanov, another People's Writer, both belong to the university's literary alumni tradition.荣获吉尔吉斯斯坦人民作家称号的卡扎特·阿克马托夫，以及另一位人民作家沙布丹拜·阿卜德拉马诺夫，都属该校的文学校友传统。
• Aron Brudny, a psychologist and philosopher who wrote on the theory of understanding, taught and researched in Kyrgyzstan and is listed among the university's notable scholars.心理学家与哲学家阿龙·布鲁德尼研究理解理论，长期在吉尔吉斯斯坦从事教学与研究，被列为该校的知名学者之一。
• Medi Mamazairova, a poet and Honoured Worker of Culture of Kyrgyzstan, and Rakhat Achylova, a sociologist elected to the Supreme Council, represent the university's presence in culture and national politics.诗人、吉尔吉斯斯坦功勋文化工作者梅迪·马马扎伊罗娃，以及当选最高议会议员的社会学家拉哈特·阿奇洛娃，体现了该校在文化与国家政治中的影响。
• Andrey Adamovskiy, a Ukrainian businessman and philanthropist, and ZAMAY, a Kyrgyz-Russian rapper, illustrate how far the university's alumni have travelled beyond academia.乌克兰商人兼慈善家安德烈·阿达莫夫斯基与吉尔吉斯-俄罗斯说唱歌手扎迈，展示了该校校友走出学术界的广阔轨迹。
• Mukhamed Tsikanov, a Russian statesman from Kabardino-Balkaria, and Idris Anarbekovich Kadyrkulov, a Kyrgyz ambassador, carried the university's training into diplomacy and federal administration.来自卡巴尔达-巴尔卡尔的俄罗斯政治家穆罕默德·齐卡诺夫与吉尔吉斯外交官伊德里斯·阿纳尔别科维奇·卡德尔库洛夫，把该校的教育带入了外交与联邦行政领域。
• Shatman Sadybakasov, a journalist and editor, and Zholbors Zhorobekov, a political scientist, reflect the flow of graduates from the Faculty of Journalism and the social sciences into the national media and analytical community.记者兼编辑沙特曼·萨德巴卡索夫与政治学家若尔博尔斯·若罗别科夫，反映出新闻系与社会科学毕业生进入全国媒体与分析界的路径。
• Ozgorush Sharshekeev and Vladimir Ploski, both listed as Kyrgyz scientists, belong to the generation of researchers trained in the Soviet institutes that supplied the university's science faculties.同为吉尔吉斯科学家的奥兹戈鲁什·沙尔谢克耶夫与弗拉基米尔·普洛斯基，属于在苏联科研院所培养、后来支撑该校理科学系的那一代研究者。
• Tolobek Abdyrakhmanov, rector at the time of the 2023 medical agreement, signed the memorandum with Yenepoya University and steered the university's most internationally visible recent initiative.托洛别克·阿卜德拉赫曼诺夫在 2023 年医学合作达成时担任校长，与叶尼波亚大学签署备忘录，并主导了该校近年最具国际能见度的举措。