Kiel University

Kiel University (German: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, abbreviated CAU and also known as Christiana Albertina) is a public research university in the city of Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.基尔大学（德文：Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel，缩写 CAU，又称 Christiana Albertina）是位于德国石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州基尔市的公立研究型大学。

It was founded in 1665 as the Academia Holsatorum Chiloniensis by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and is the largest, oldest and only comprehensive university in the state.该校于 1665 年由荷尔斯泰因-戈托普公爵克里斯蒂安·阿尔布雷希特创办，初名 Academia Holsatorum Chiloniensis，是该州规模最大、历史最悠久也是唯一的综合大学。

It has been a member of the German Universities Excellence Initiative since 2006, enrolled 24,925 students in the 2024/25 winter semester, and its faculty, alumni and researchers have won 12 Nobel Prizes.该校自 2006 年起为德国大学卓越计划的成员，2024/25 冬季学期注册学生 24,925 人，其教师、校友与研究人员共获得 12 项诺贝尔奖。

History

• The origins of the university trace to the Reformation, when the growing need for well-educated priests and the rising involvement of citizens in administration created demand for a university in the duchies.该校的源头可追溯到宗教改革时期，当时对受过良好教育的神职人员的需求日增，市民在行政事务中的参与也日益重要，杜克领内由此产生兴办大学的诉求。
• Wars in the early seventeenth century and political conflicts between the dukes and the king delayed these plans until Duke Friedrich III commissioned his son, Christian Albrecht, to advance the founding.17 世纪初的战争以及公爵与国王之间的政治冲突使计划一再延宕，直至弗里德里希三世公爵委派其子克里斯蒂安·阿尔布雷希特推进建校事宜。
• In 1660 Christian Albrecht succeeded in realising the plans and chose Kiel as the university's location, a decision that shaped the city's identity for centuries.1660 年，克里斯蒂安·阿尔布雷希特成功实现建校计划并选定基尔为校址，这一决定塑造了此后数百年这座城市的性格。
• On 5 October 1665 the university was inaugurated under the name Christiana Albertina in a former Franciscan monastery with four lecture halls and a library.1665 年 10 月 5 日，该校以 Christiana Albertina 之名在一座旧方济各会修道院内举行开办典礼，其时设有四间讲厅与一座图书馆。
• At its foundation 17 professors taught theology, medicine, law and the liberal arts, the four classic faculties of an early modern university.建校之初有 17 位教授，教授神学、医学、法学与人文四科，即近代早期大学的四个经典学院。
• A significant growth period occurred a century later under Russian Empress Catherine the Great, from whom the university received its colours of purple and white.一个世纪后，该校在俄国女皇叶卡捷琳娜大帝的庇护下迎来重要发展期，校色紫与白即得自这位女皇。
• After the death of her husband, who had been born in Kiel, Catherine commissioned the architect Ernst Georg Sonnin to build a new university building, ready for occupation in 1768 after two years of construction.女皇的丈夫出生于基尔，其去世后，女皇委派建筑师恩斯特·格奥尔格·松宁建造新大学楼，历时两年施工后于 1768 年落成启用。
• Lectures were held in that plain brick building until 1876, after which it served as a museum from 1877 until its destruction during the Second World War.这座素砖建筑一直用于授课至 1876 年，此后自 1877 年起改作博物馆，直至在第二次世界大战中被毁。
• Following the unification of the duchies in 1773 the university flourished as the northernmost German and southernmost Scandinavian university.1773 年诸公国合并后，该校作为德国最北端、斯堪的纳维亚最南端的大学蓬勃发展。
• With the Second Schleswig War the Danish kingdom's rule over the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein ended, and after the Austro-Prussian War the two duchies became the Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1867.第二次石勒苏益格战争中丹麦王国对石勒苏益格与荷尔斯泰因两公国的统治告终；普奥战争之后，两公国于 1867 年成为普鲁士的石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因省。
• Under Prussian administration Kiel University lost its legal privileges and became the smallest of the ten universities in Prussia, though from 1870 student numbers began to rise again.在普鲁士治下，基尔大学失去其法律特权，成为普鲁士十所大学中规模最小者；不过自 1870 年起学生人数又开始回升。
• Thirty-eight years after that recovery, in 1908, women were admitted to study, opening the university to female students for the first time.在这一复苏之后 38 年，即 1908 年，该校开始录取女性，首次向女学生敞开大门。
• Acceptance of Nazism was high in Kiel from an early stage, and as early as 1927 Joachim Haupt of the National Socialist German Students' League was elected chairman of the Kiel Student League.基尔对纳粹主义的认同很早就相当普遍，早在 1927 年，纳粹德国学生联盟的约阿希姆·豪普特即当选为基尔学生会主席。
• During the Nazi regime from 1933 the university experienced Gleichschaltung, the expulsion of Jewish professors and the persecution of dissenters, and 36 of 222 teaching staff were expelled or dismissed on racial or political grounds.自 1933 年纳粹当政起，该校经历「一体化」高压，犹太教授遭驱逐、异见者受迫害，222 名教学人员中有 36 人因种族或政治原因被驱逐或解职。
• In the Second World War many buildings were destroyed by Allied air raids, including the university library in 1942, and by the end of the war 60 to 61 per cent of Kiel University had been destroyed.二战期间，许多建筑在盟军空袭中被毁，包括 1942 年的大学图书馆；至战争结束时，基尔大学约 60% 至 61% 的建筑遭到损毁。
• With British support teaching resumed as early as November 1945, initially on ships, demonstrating the university's determination to reopen despite the devastation.在英国方面的支持下，教学早在 1945 年 11 月便已恢复，起初在船上进行，显示出该校在废墟中复课的决心。
• In the 1960s a new campus was developed on the Kiel Westring, and the student protests of the late 1960s led to a modernisation of the university's structure.20 世纪 60 年代，该校在基尔西环路一带建设新校区；60 年代末的学生运动则推动其组织结构走向现代化。
• The campus was expanded in 1972 with buildings on Olshausenstraße and new sports facilities, and in 1991 the Faculty of Engineering opened in the Kiel-Gaarden district.1972 年，校园在奥尔绍森街一带扩建教学楼与新的体育设施；1991 年，工程学院在基尔-加登区启用。
• In the 2014/2015 winter semester more than 25,000 students were enrolled at CAU for the first time in its history.2014/2015 冬季学期，基尔大学注册学生首次突破 25,000 人。
• In 2015 the university celebrated its 350th anniversary, and to mark the occasion the Institute of Prehistory and Early History erected a faithful reconstruction of the Neolithic megalithic tomb Wangels LA 69 on campus.2015 年，该校庆祝建校 350 周年；为作纪念，史前与早期史研究所在校园内按原貌复建了新石器时代的旺格尔斯 LA 69 巨石墓。
• Since 2016 campus buildings have been gradually renovated or rebuilt, including the Amöbe building for evolutionary research at the Bremerskamp site and two new research and laboratory buildings for the Faculty of Medicine.自 2016 年起，校园建筑陆续翻新或重建，包括布雷默斯坎普地块用于演化研究的「阿米巴」楼，以及为医学院兴建的两座新科研与实验楼。
• In 2020 the Academic Senate approved the interdisciplinary Master School of Marine Sciences, which evolved from the earlier Ocean Education Initiative and combines marine science teaching across disciplines.2020 年，该校学术评议会批准设立跨学科的海洋科学硕士学院，其前身是更早的海洋教育计划，整合了跨学科的海洋科学教学。
• In March 2023 a decision was taken to renovate the Kunsthalle Kiel, a university institution, at a cost of around 49.5 million euros.2023 年 3 月，该校决定对校属机构基尔艺术馆进行翻修，费用约为 4950 万欧元。
• In November 2025 the university, together with eight European partner universities, signed the legal framework for the SEA-EU Association, giving the European University of the Seas alliance its own legal structure.2025 年 11 月，该校与八所欧洲伙伴大学共同签署「欧洲海洋大学联盟协会」的法律框架，使自 2019 年起依托「伊拉斯谟+」计划运作的欧洲海洋大学联盟获得独立法人结构。

Academics

• Kiel University is organised into eight faculties, namely Theology, Law, Business Economics and Social Sciences, Medicine, Arts and Humanities, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Agricultural Science and Nutritional Sciences, and Engineering.基尔大学设有八个学院，分别为神学院、法学院、商业经济与社会科学学院、医学院、人文学院、数学与自然科学学院、农业与营养科学学院以及工程学院。
• The university offers more than 190 degree programmes leading to bachelor's, master's and state examination qualifications as well as doctorates.该校开设 190 多个学位课程，涵盖学士、硕士、国家考试资格以及博士等不同层次。
• In the 2024/25 winter semester 24,925 students were enrolled, 54.75 per cent of them women, with 13,647 female students, and the majority came from Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and Lower Saxony.2024/25 冬季学期注册学生 24,925 人，其中女性占 54.75%，即 13,647 人，学生多数来自石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因、汉堡与下萨克森。
• In the 2024 academic year 6,446 people began their studies, 3,826 students graduated and 401 doctorates were awarded, while 23 postdoctoral qualifications were recorded in the same calendar year.2024 学年有 6,446 人入学，3,826 名学生毕业并授予 401 个博士学位，同年还记录了 23 项博士后资格。
• In 2024 the university employed 3,870 people, including 431 university professors, and received state funding of 223.7 million euros alongside 77.5 million euros in third-party funding.2024 年，该校聘用员工 3,870 人，其中大学教授 431 人，获得州财政拨款 2.237 亿欧元，另有第三方经费 7,750 万欧元。
• Its central fields of research include marine and geosciences, medical and life sciences, evolutionary biology and nanoscience, several of which are organised in interdisciplinary research networks.其核心研究领域包括海洋与地球科学、医学与生命科学、演化生物学与纳米科学，其中若干领域以跨学科研究网络的形式组织。
• The Cluster of Excellence Precision Medicine in Chronic Inflammation, funded since 2018 and extended in 2025 until 2032, studies conditions such as Crohn's disease, psoriasis and diabetes.自 2018 年获得资助、并于 2025 年延期至 2032 年的「慢性炎症精准医学」卓越集群，研究克罗恩病、银屑病与糖尿病等疾病。
• The Cluster of Excellence ROOTS, also funded since 2018, examines social, environmental and cultural connectivity in past societies through archaeology and related historical disciplines.同样自 2018 年起获得资助的「ROOTS」卓越集群，以考古学及相关历史学科为依托，考察过去人类社会的社会、环境与文化联系。
• The Walther Schücking Institute for International Law in Kiel is the oldest institution for public international law in Germany and Europe.基尔的瓦尔特·许金国际法研究所是德国乃至欧洲最古老的国际公法研究机构。
• The university works closely with the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel and the Kiel Institute for the World Economy, with which it shares a number of joint appointments.该校与国际知名的基尔 GEOMAR 亥姆霍兹海洋研究中心以及基尔世界经济研究所密切合作，并与后两者设有若干联合聘任职位。
• Teacher training is delivered through programmes designed for different school types, in collaboration with the Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education and the Institute for Inclusive Education.师范教育通过面向不同学校类型的课程实施，并与莱布尼茨科学与数学教育研究所以及全纳教育研究所合作。
• English-language master's programmes and cross-faculty offerings include the Master School of Marine Sciences and the Kiel School of Sustainability, which organises courses on sustainable development.该校的英语授课硕士与跨学院课程包括海洋科学硕士学院，以及组织可持续发展课程的基尔可持续性学院。
• The Continuing Professional Development Centre has been the university's continuing education provider since 1996, offering part-time master's courses in Hospital Management and in School Management and Quality Development.该校的继续教育中心自 1996 年起承担继续教育职能，开设医院管理以及学校管理与质量发展等在职硕士课程。
• Kiel University Library holds around 2.5 million printed books and journals, more than 135,000 e-books, over 33,000 electronic journals and access to more than 600 databases, together with over 6,000 manuscripts and autographs.基尔大学图书馆藏有约 250 万册纸质图书与期刊、逾 135,000 种电子书、超过 33,000 种电子期刊，可访问 600 多个数据库，并藏有 6,000 余件手稿与手迹。
• Research networks such as Kiel Nano Surface and Interface Science bring together university researchers with partners in non-university institutions, and in materials science the university cooperates with the University of Minnesota on ceramic shape-memory materials.基尔纳米表面与界面科学等研究网络把校内研究人员与非校内机构伙伴汇聚起来；在材料科学领域，该校还与明尼苏达大学合作研究陶瓷形状记忆材料。

Campus

• The university is based in the city of Kiel, the capital of Schleswig-Holstein, situated on the Baltic Sea coast in northern Germany.该校坐落于德国北部波罗的海沿岸的石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州首府基尔市。
• The main campus was developed on the Kiel Westring in the 1960s, and it was expanded in 1972 with buildings on Olshausenstraße and new sports facilities.主校区于 20 世纪 60 年代在基尔西环路一带建成，1972 年又以奥尔绍森街的建筑与新的体育设施加以扩建。
• The University Library occupies a new building on the campus at Leibnizstraße that opened in 2001, and more than 1,100 study spaces are available within the library buildings.大学图书馆设于 2001 年启用的莱布尼茨街校区新馆内，图书馆各馆舍共提供 1,100 多个阅览座位。
• The Faculty of Engineering opened in the Kiel-Gaarden district in 1991, extending the university's presence beyond the Westring campus.工程学院于 1991 年在基尔-加登区启用，使该校的布局延伸至西环路校区之外。
• At the Bremerskamp site a new quarter was developed that combines university facilities with residential accommodation, including the Amöbe building for evolutionary research.在布雷默斯坎普地块，该校开发了一个把教学科研设施与住宅相结合的新街区，其中包括用于演化研究的「阿米巴」楼。
• The university maintains the Botanischer Garten, its botanical garden, as well as the Kunsthalle Kiel, and the Research and Technology Centre West Coast in Büsum.该校维护着作为其植物园的基尔植物园、基尔艺术馆，以及位于比苏姆的西海岸研究与技术中心。
• The University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein and the associated University Hospital form an important part of the university's clinical and teaching infrastructure.石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因大学医学中心及与之关联的大学医院，构成该校临床与教学基础设施的重要组成部分。
• The campus lies at approximately 54.32 degrees north and 10.13 degrees east, its buildings and green spaces woven into the fabric of the city of Kiel.校园位于北纬约 54.32 度、东经约 10.13 度，其建筑与绿地和基尔市区融为一体。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Kiel University is placed 620th in the world, and it ranks among the leading universities in northern Germany.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，基尔大学位列世界第 620 位，位居德国北部领先大学之列。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places the university in the 401 to 450 bracket worldwide, after appearing in the 351 to 400 band in 2026.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列于世界第 401 至 450 区间，其 2026 年则位于第 351 至 400 区间。 ^[1]
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026 to 2027 places Kiel University 386th in the world, one of its strongest positions in the global tables.2026 至 2027 年版《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名将基尔大学列为世界第 386 位，这是其在全球榜单上最靠前的位置之一。
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026, compiled by ShanghaiRanking, places the university within the 201 to 300 band worldwide.由上海软科编制的 2026 年世界大学学术排名将该校列于世界第 201 至 300 区间。
• The OpenAlex database attributes 102,565 works to Kiel University with 8,261,905 citations, reflecting a very substantial research output across the sciences.OpenAlex 数据库为基尔大学收录 102,565 篇成果、被引用 8,261,905 次，体现出其在各科学领域极为可观的科研产出。
• Faculty, alumni and researchers of Kiel University have won 12 Nobel Prizes, a record that underpins its reputation as a research-intensive institution.基尔大学的教师、校友与研究人员共获得 12 项诺贝尔奖，这一纪录奠定了其作为研究密集型学府声誉的基础。
• Kiel has been a member of the German Universities Excellence Initiative since 2006, and in 2025 it submitted an application to be designated a University of Excellence, with a decision expected in 2026.基尔自 2006 年起即为德国大学卓越计划的成员，并于 2025 年提交申请角逐「卓越大学」称号，结果预计于 2026 年公布。
• The university has a strong reputation for public international law, anchored by the Walther Schücking Institute, the oldest such institution in Germany and Europe.该校在国际公法领域声誉卓著，其瓦尔特·许金国际法研究所是德国乃至欧洲同类机构中历史最悠久者。 ^[2]
• As the largest and only comprehensive university in Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel is both an internationally respected institution and one of the largest employers in the city of Kiel.作为石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州规模最大且唯一的综合大学，基尔大学既是受国际尊重的学府，也是基尔市的头号雇主之一。

Student life

• The university's motto is Pax optima rerum, Latin for "Peace is the greatest good", and its colours are purple and white, received from Catherine the Great.该校校训为拉丁文「Pax optima rerum」，意为「和平乃最善」，校色为紫与白，得自叶卡捷琳娜大帝。
• The founding date of 5 October 1665 is commemorated, and in 2015 the university marked its 350th anniversary with a reconstruction of a Neolithic megalithic tomb on campus.1665 年 10 月 5 日的建校日得到纪念，2015 年该校以在校园内复建新石器时代巨石墓的方式庆祝建校 350 周年。
• Kiel University and Kiel University of Applied Sciences jointly organise the talent transfair job fair, held twice a year and alternating between the Auditorium Maximum and a tent on its forecourt.基尔大学与基尔应用技术大学共同举办「talent transfair」招聘会，每年两次，在马克西姆大礼堂与其门前帐篷之间轮流举行。
• The university's most renowned award is the Holstein Study Award, given annually since 2001 to the top three students, with prize money of 1,000 euros for first place and 500 euros for the other two.该校最负盛名的奖项是荷尔斯泰因学习奖，自 2001 年起每年颁发给成绩最优异的三名学生，一等奖奖金 1,000 欧元，另两名各 500 欧元。
• The Holstein Study Award is funded by the association Iuventus Academiae Holsatorum, and the prizes are presented by the university's president or vice-president in a ceremony on the top floor of the campus skyscraper.荷尔斯泰因学习奖由「Iuventus Academiae Holsatorum」协会资助，由校长或副校长在校园高层建筑顶层的仪式上颁发。
• A Sports Centre and a range of student services support campus life, and the Students' Association represents student interests within the university.该校设有体育中心与多项学生服务以支持校园生活，学生会则在大学内部代表学生利益。
• The majority of students come from Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and Lower Saxony, giving the university a strongly regional character within a coastal city known for its maritime culture.学生多数来自石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因、汉堡与下萨克森，使这所大学在以海洋文化著称的沿海城市中带有鲜明的区域色彩。
• The Botanical Garden and the university's cultural institutions, including the Kunsthalle, provide recreational and cultural spaces shared by students and residents of Kiel.植物园以及包括艺术馆在内的校属文化机构，为学生与基尔市民提供了共享的休闲与文化空间。

Notable people

• Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, founded the university in 1665 and gave it his name, Christiana Albertina.荷尔斯泰因-戈托普公爵克里斯蒂安·阿尔布雷希特于 1665 年创办该校，并把自己的名字留作校名「Christiana Albertina」。
• Duke Friedrich III of Holstein-Gottorp commissioned the founding of the university and directed his son Christian Albrecht to carry the project forward in the mid-seventeenth century.荷尔斯泰因-戈托普公爵弗里德里希三世于 17 世纪中叶推动建校计划，并指示其子克里斯蒂安·阿尔布雷希特将之付诸实施。
• Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, supported the university in the eighteenth century and granted it its colours of purple and white.俄国女皇叶卡捷琳娜大帝在 18 世纪庇护该校，并授予其紫与白的校色。
• Theodor Mommsen, who taught Roman law at Kiel from 1848 to 1851, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902 for his monumental history of Rome.1848 至 1851 年在基尔讲授罗马法的特奥多尔·蒙森，以其鸿篇巨制的罗马史于 1902 年获得诺贝尔文学奖。
• Philipp Lenard, professor of physics at Kiel from 1898 to 1907, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays.1898 至 1907 年任基尔物理学教授的菲利普·莱纳德，因阴极射线研究于 1905 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Gerhard Domagk, who studied medicine in Kiel, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1939 for his discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil.曾在基尔学习医学的格哈德·多马克，因发现百浪多息的抗菌作用于 1939 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• Otto Diels, professor of chemistry at Kiel from 1916 to 1945, and his former doctoral student Kurt Alder shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for the Diels-Alder reaction.1916 至 1945 年任基尔化学教授的奥托·迪尔斯，与其昔日的博士生库尔特·阿尔德因「狄尔斯-阿尔德反应」于 1950 年共获诺贝尔化学奖。
• Franz Boas, regarded as the father of modern American anthropology, graduated from Kiel University and later founded the discipline of cultural anthropology in the United States.被誉为现代美国人类学之父的弗朗茨·博厄斯毕业于基尔大学，后来在美国开创了文化人类学学科。
• Doris König, a Kiel graduate and former professor of the university, serves as a judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, the country's highest court.基尔校友、曾任该校教授的德里斯·柯尼希，出任德国联邦宪法法院法官，这是该国最高层级的法院。
• Peer Steinbrück, an alumnus, served as Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia and as Federal Minister of Finance of Germany, and was a candidate for the German chancellorship in 2013.校友佩尔·施泰因布吕克曾任北莱茵-威斯特法伦州州长与德国联邦财政部长，并于 2013 年角逐德国总理职位。
• Gerhard Stoltenberg, another alumnus, was Minister-President of Schleswig-Holstein and later Federal Minister of Finance of Germany.同为校友的格哈德·施托尔滕贝格曾任石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州州长，后出任德国联邦财政部长。
• Wolfgang Kubicki, a Kiel graduate, is a long-serving leader of the Free Democratic Party in the Schleswig-Holstein Landtag and a member of the German Bundestag.基尔毕业生沃尔夫冈·库比茨基长期领导石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因州议会的自由民主党党团，并任德国联邦议院议员。