Khazar University

Khazar University is a private university in Baku, Azerbaijan, whose Azerbaijani name Xəzər Universiteti translates into English directly as Caspian University and which was founded in March 1991.哈扎尔大学是阿塞拜疆巴库的一所私立大学，其阿塞拜疆语校名 Xəzər Universiteti 直译即为「Caspian University（里海大学）」，创办于 1991 年 3 月。

The institution is recorded as the first private university in Azerbaijan and as one of the first private universities of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, and it introduced Western-style research-oriented higher education to the country.材料记载该校是阿塞拜疆第一所私立大学，也是东欧、高加索与中亚地区最早一批私立大学之一，并把西方研究型高等教育体制引入该国。

It teaches about 2000 students across six colleges with some 200 teachers and lecturers, it teaches principally in English, and it holds the 801-850 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校以六所学院规模培养约 2000 名学生，任教师与讲师约 200 人，主要授课语言为英语，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 801-850 位。

History

• Khazar University was founded in Baku in March 1991 by Hamlet Isakhanli, who is named as the founder in both the English and the Chinese versions of the institutional record.哈扎尔大学于 1991 年 3 月在巴库由哈姆莱特·伊萨罕利（Hamlet Isakhanli）创办，英文与中文两份院校材料均将其记为创办人。

• That March 1991 foundation made the institution the first private university in Azerbaijan, a priority claim that its own article repeats as the defining fact about the university.1991 年 3 月的创办使该校成为阿塞拜疆第一所私立大学，这一首创之说在校方条目中被反复列为界定该校身份的首要事实。

• The same 1991 opening is described as placing Khazar among the first private universities established in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia, a region-wide rather than a national distinction.同一所 1991 年开学的大学被描述为东欧、高加索与中亚地区最早创建的私立大学之一，这一首创的适用范围超出阿塞拜疆一国。

• Hamlet Isakhanli formed the university in 1991 expressly to reform the system of higher education that had operated in the country under Soviet rule, an objective attached to the act of foundation itself.哈姆莱特·伊萨罕利在 1991 年创建该校，其目的明确指向改革该国苏联体制下运行的高等教育体系，这一目标与创校行为本身直接相连。

• The Chinese-language version of the record adds that the 1991 reform aimed specifically at the corruption problems of the Soviet higher education system, which the new private university was created to avoid rather than inherit.中文条目补充指出，1991 年的改革矛头直指苏联高等教育体制中的腐败问题，新建的私立大学旨在规避而非继承这些弊病。

• Khazar University is recorded as the first university in Azerbaijan to introduce Western-style, research-oriented higher education, a model in teaching use since the opening in March 1991.该校被记载为阿塞拜疆第一所引进西方研究型高等教育的大学，自 1991 年 3 月开学起即以此模式授课。

• That model was organised from 1991 across three cycles of study, undergraduate, graduate and doctoral, which the article lists as the full teaching range of the university in Azerbaijan.这一模式自 1991 年起按本科、硕士与博士三个学制定置，条目将其列为该校在阿塞拜疆的完整教学层级。

• The Department of History was established in June 1993 and was later renamed the Department of History and Archaeology, the earliest dated academic development recorded after the founding year of 1991.历史学系于 1993 年 6 月设立，其后更名为历史与考古学系，是 1991 年建校之后有明确日期的最早学术建制记录。

• The department created in June 1993 falls within the School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, one of the academic units into which the university's teaching is organised.1993 年 6 月设立的该学系隶属人文、教育和社会科学学院，是该校教学建制的组成单位之一。

• The Khazar University Dictionary and Encyclopedia Center has been in operation since April 1996, making its lexicographical work the second precisely dated institutional development in the record.哈扎尔大学词典与百科中心自 1996 年 4 月起运作，其辞书编纂工作是材料中第二项有确切日期的机构建设。

• That center is directed by Professor Tofik Abaskuliyev and performs linguistic and lexicological research while preparing, evaluating and publishing bilingual, multilingual and encyclopedic dictionaries.该中心由托菲克·阿巴斯库里耶夫教授（Tofik Abaskuliyev）主持，从事语言学与辞书学研究，并负责双语、多语与百科词典的编纂、评估与出版。

• Measured from its own opening, the April 1996 start of the Dictionary and Encyclopedia Center came five years after the March 1991 foundation, the only interval the sources allow to be computed directly.以创校之日为起点，词典与百科中心的 1996 年 4 月启用比 1991 年 3 月的创办晚五年，这是材料中可直接推算的唯一时间间隔。

• Teaching at the university founded in 1991 replaced fixed course structures with a flexible credit system organised around the student, an arrangement its article calls pioneering in Azerbaijani higher education.这所 1991 年创办的大学以以学生为中心的弹性学分制取代固定课程结构，其条目称此举在阿塞拜疆高教界具有开创性。

• Subject choice at that credit university was stated to serve the needs of advanced industrialised democracies, a curricular purpose the record ties to the Western model adopted in 1991.该学分制院校的学科设置被表述为面向先进工业化民主国家的需求，条目把这一课程宗旨归于 1991 年采用的西方模式。

• English was established as the principal language of instruction at the institution opened in 1991, a policy explained as widening students' access to deeper education and to international professional opportunity.这所 1991 年开学的院校将英语确立为主要授课语言，校方解释此举意在为学生开拓更深入的教育机会与国际化职业机遇。

• Staffing is reported at roughly 200 teachers and lecturers, most of them graduates of universities in Europe and the United States, a profile recorded beside the student total given below.师资规模记为教师与讲师约 200 人，其中大多毕业于欧洲及美国的大学，此项统计与下文的在校生总数并列记载。

• The academic structure is recorded as six colleges running degree courses, teacher-training programmes and research projects, with the units named in the article listed separately in this entry.教学建制记为六所学院，分别开设学位课程、培训项目与研究项目，条目中将材料点名的学院单位另行列出。

• The Institute of Politics developed out of an earlier body named the Center for International and Strategic Studies, and the university's own units are also cited as the Khazar Institute of Politics.政治学研究所前身为国际与战略研究中心，该校这一单位在文献中亦以哈扎尔政治学研究所之名被引用。

• Departments of English Language and Literature and of Political Sciences and Philosophy appear in the record as named academic units beside the history department founded in June 1993.英语语言文学系与政治学和哲学系在材料中与 1993 年 6 月创设的历史学系并列为具名学术单位。

• Its international dimension was built up from the 1991 opening, and the university reports cooperation and exchange links with more than 70 universities and research institutions in 25 countries.该校的国际化自 1991 年创办起逐步积累，校方称已与 25 个国家的 70 余所大学及研究机构建立合作与交流关系。

• The university is a member of the Caucasus University Association, a regional membership body that should not be mistaken for Caucasus University, an entirely separate institution in Tbilisi, Georgia.该校为高加索大学协会成员，该协会是区域性成员组织，不能与格鲁吉亚第比利斯的另一所独立院校高加索大学混为一谈。

• As a private institution founded in 1991 it is likewise distinct from the public Azerbaijan Technical University in Baku, which occupies the same 801-850 band of the QS table for 2027.作为 1991 年创办的私立院校，它与同处巴库的公立阿塞拜疆技术大学亦非同一所学府，后者在 2027 年 QS 榜单中同列第 801-850 位。

Academics

• Instruction runs on all three cycles, undergraduate, graduate and doctoral, within six colleges that offer degree programmes, training courses and research projects according to the institutional record.按院校材料记载，教学覆盖本科、硕士与博士三个学制，设于六所学院之内，开出学位课程、培训课程与研究项目。

• The School of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences contains the Department of History and Archaeology, created as a history department in June 1993 and later renamed to add archaeology.人文、教育和社会科学学院下设历史与考古学系，该系于 1993 年 6 月以历史学系之名创设，后增列考古学更名而成。

• A Department of English Language and Literature is listed among the units, consistent with the university's decision to teach principally in English from its foundation in 1991.材料列有英语语言文学系，与该校自 1991 年创校起即以英语为主要授课语言的做法相一致。

• A Department of Political Sciences and Philosophy stands beside the Institute of Politics, which carries the earlier designation Center for International and Strategic Studies.政治学和哲学系与政治学研究所并存，后者沿用了国际与战略研究中心这一先前名称。

• The university's School of Education maintains its internship centre on the Baku Dunya School Campus, so teacher training is sited with the school system it feeds rather than with the main faculties.该校教育学院把实习中心设在巴库世界学校（Dunya School）校区，教师培训因此与其所衔接的基础教育学制同址，而非附设于主要学院。

• Lexicographical work is institutionalised at the Dictionary and Encyclopedia Center, operating since April 1996 under Professor Tofik Abaskuliyev and publishing bilingual and multilingual dictionaries.辞书研究由词典与百科中心建制化承担，该中心自 1996 年 4 月起在阿巴斯库里耶夫教授主持下运作，出版双语与多语词典。

• English is the main medium of teaching, a choice the record justifies by the aim of preparing students to work in international and globalised environments after graduation.英语为主要教学语言，条目以培养学生毕业后在国际化与全球化环境中工作的能力作为这一选择的理由。

• A flexible, student-centred credit system governs progression, the university being credited in its own record with introducing the arrangement to Azerbaijani higher education.学生的学业进展由以学生为中心的弹性学分制规范，其条目称该校是把这一制度引入阿塞拜疆高教界的院校。

• Academic staffing is put at about 200 teachers and lecturers, and the record stresses that most of them took their degrees at European and United States universities.教学人员约为 200 名教师与讲师，材料强调其中多数毕业于欧洲及美国高校。

• Enrolment is given as roughly 2000 students in six colleges, with 80 percent reading for degrees at undergraduate level and 20 percent at graduate level.在校生约 2000 人分布于六所学院，其中 80% 攻读本科学位，20% 攻读研究生学位。

• That undergraduate-to-graduate split of 80 to 20 percent is qualified in the record by the note that some colleges run graduate study for as much as 50 percent of their intake.上述本科与研究生 80% 对 20% 的比例在材料中附有说明：部分学院的研究生占其在册学生高达 50%。

• Internationally mobile students are reported as more than 15 percent of the whole student body, a share the university states it wishes to raise further.国际学生占全校学生总数的 15% 以上，校方表示希望进一步提高这一比例。

• Beside the colleges the university operates an experimental school covering pre-school, primary and secondary education, giving it a complete internal schooling ladder.学院之外，该校另办一所涵盖学龄前、小学与中学阶段的实验学校，自成一条完整的内部基础教育阶梯。

• An International Students and Scholars Service Center coordinates internationalisation and handles the academic side of arrivals, exchanges and visiting research at the university.国际学生学者服务中心统筹协调学校的国际化事务，并负责来访交流、交换与驻校研究的教学科研对接。

• A Library and Information Center is documented with the mission of maintaining and developing collections for present and future teaching and research needs, but its printed or electronic holdings are not counted in the material available.材料记有图书馆及信息中心，其使命是为当前与未来的教学科研需求保存并发展馆藏，但可得文本未列出纸本或电子馆藏数量。

• The record states that the university takes part in foreign student exchange programmes and runs a laboratory, yet it names neither the partner programmes nor the laboratory, and those two items remain undocumented here.材料称该校参与外国学生交换项目并设有一所实验室，但既未点名交换合作项亦未命名实验室，此两项在本条目中留白待考。

• No subject-level ranking position and no national accreditation entry are recorded for the institution in the material used, so neither claim is made in this entry.所用材料中未见该校的学科维度榜单名次，亦无国家认证条目，故本条目不作这两项陈述。

Campus

• The university owns four campuses within the city of Baku and two further campuses in the regions of Azerbaijan, a distribution stated in its own institutional record.该校在巴库市内拥有四个校区，另在阿塞拜疆地方设有两个校区，此分布出自院校自身材料的记载。

• Among the city sites are the Neftchilar Campus and the Downtown Campus, both listed by name in the article and both treated as established places of teaching in Baku.市区校区包括石油城校区（Neftchilar）与市中心校区（Downtown），两者在校名条目中被点名列出，均为巴库的既定办学地点。

• The Baku Dunya School Campus is described as an education complex for the Dunya School and as the site of the School of Education's internship centre, a sports centre, a dormitory and a technopark.巴库世界学校校区被描述为 （Dunya）学校的教育综合体，并设教育学院实习中心、体育中心、学生宿舍与科技园区。

• One of the two regional sites is the Sumgayit Dunya School Campus, taking the school system of the 1991 university into the Caspian-coastal industrial city of Sumgayit.两个地方校区之一为苏姆盖特世界学校校区，把 1991 年所创学校的学制带进里海沿岸工业城市苏姆盖特。

• The other regional site is the Ganja Dunya School Campus, the second school campus outside Baku recorded among the six campuses of the university.另一处地方校区为占贾世界学校校区，是该校六个校区中记录在册的第二个设于巴库以外的学校校区。

• A separate Buzovna Conference and Leisure Center is listed beside the teaching campuses, giving the institution a named venue for conferences outside its lecture sites.材料在教学校区之外另列布佐夫纳会议休闲中心，使学校在授课场所以外有一处具名会议场地。

• Residential provision appears in the campus list as a dormitory on the Baku Dunya School Campus, and no further residence halls are named in the material available.住宿设施在校区名录中体现为巴库世界学校校区的学生宿舍，可得材料未提及更多宿舍楼。

• The six campuses are the only physical-footprint facts recorded, since no campus area, building programme, endowment or budget figure is disclosed in the sources used here.六个校区是材料中唯一记载的校园实体规模，因为所用来源并未披露占地面积、基建计划、捐赠基金或预算数字。

• Its location in Baku places the institution in the capital of Azerbaijan, the same city that holds the public Azerbaijan Technical University with which it is often paired in ranking tables.学校地处巴库，即阿塞拜疆首都，同样也是榜单中常与之并列的公立阿塞拜疆技术大学所在城市。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Khazar University is placed in the 801-850 band, and this entry is written on the strength of that band position.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，哈扎尔大学列入第 801-850 位，本条目即依此档位收录。

• No place is recorded for the university in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, and no earlier Times Higher Education position is carried in the facts used here to substitute for it.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名未收录该校，本条目所据事实材料亦无更早的泰晤士名次可作顶替。

• The institution is likewise absent from the 2026-2027 edition of the US News Best Global Universities ranking, where no row for it appears in the table consulted.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中同样查无该校，所查榜单中没有它的行目。

• It does not appear in the 2026 Shanghai Ranking Graduate Academy main list of 1000 institutions either, so none of the three non-QS league tables carries it in the current editions.该校亦未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名 1000 强主榜，故在 QS 之外的三大榜单本届版本中均未见其名。

• No subject-level ranking position is recorded for the university, which means the standing that its English-language teaching and its lexicographical center might suggest is not testable in the tables available.材料中没有该校的学科维度榜单名次，因此其英语教学与辞书中心所可能带来的学科声誉在可查榜单中无从验证。

• Quantified research output cannot be cited here, because the works and citation counts of the OpenAlex institutional record are unavailable for the universities of this ranking band.本条目无法引用量化科研产出，因为该排名档院校在 OpenAlex 机构记录中的作品数与被引数均未取得。

• As substitutes the verifiable figures are six colleges, about 2000 students, roughly 200 academic staff, more than 15 percent international enrolment and partners in 25 countries numbering over 70 institutions.可替代的核验数字为：六所学院、约 2000 名学生、教师约 200 人、国际学生占比逾 15%、以及遍及 25 国的 70 余家合作机构。

• No Nobel, Turing or Fields laureate is recorded as affiliated with the university, and its strongest documented distinctions are institutional: the first private university of Azerbaijan and the first to import the Western research model, both dated to 1991.未见诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主与该校有关联记录，其最有力的声誉均属机构层面：阿塞拜疆第一所私立大学与首个引进西方研究型模式的大学，两项皆系于 1991 年。

• In national comparison it shares the 801-850 QS band of 2027 with the public Azerbaijan Technical University, while Baku Engineering University sits one band lower at 851-900, none of the three appearing in the other current league tables.在全国范围内，它与公立阿塞拜疆技术大学共列 2027 年 QS 第 801-850 位，巴库工程大学则低一档列第 851-900 位，三校在其余本届榜单中均未上榜。

• Regionally its closest private comparator in the same band is the American University of Central Asia in Kyrgyzstan, also placed at 801-850 for 2027 and also absent from the Times Higher Education table.就区域而言，同档位最贴近的私立对照对象是吉尔吉斯斯坦的中亚美国大学，该校在 2027 年亦列第 801-850 位，同样未进入泰晤士高等教育榜单。

Student life

• Student life is organised through a student activities centre to which students may join groups voluntarily, including music, dance and theatre activities outside the timetable.课余生活由学生活动中心组织，学生可自愿加入团体，课余活动包括音乐、舞蹈与戏剧。

• Handicraft and art electives are offered within that programme, the record naming carpet weaving and jewellery making as courses students may choose.该项目下设工艺与艺术类选修课，材料点名地毯编制与珠宝制作为学生可选修的课程。

• Competitive sport is provided by the university in football, volleyball, basketball, chess and combat sports, the last category covering wrestling and similar disciplines.校方开设竞技体育项目，包括足球、排球、篮球、象棋与搏击类运动，末项涵盖摔跤及同类项目。

• Facilities for that sporting and residential side of student life are sited on the Baku Dunya School Campus, which the record lists with a sports centre and a dormitory.课余体育与住宿所需的设施设于巴库世界学校校区，材料为该校区列出体育中心与学生宿舍。

• The International Students and Scholars Service Center arranges visa support and registration, arrival arrangements, accommodation and housing information, residence support and extensions of academic residence.国际学生学者服务中心负责签证支援与登记、入境安排、住宿及房屋信息、居留支援以及学术居留的延期。

• That center also handles conference arrangements covering international students, scholars and their families, and it files residence applications with government departments on students' behalf.该中心还承办面向国际学生、学者及其家庭的会议与活动安排，并代学生向政府部门递交居留申请材料。

• Orientation is held at the beginning of every semester, the programme being described as helping newcomers adjust to life in Azerbaijan and to the academic environment of the university.新生培训项目安排在每学期伊始，其作用是帮助新生适应阿塞拜疆的生活并了解大学的学术环境。

• The student body draws on Turkey, Iran, Egypt, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Georgia, Iraq, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Libya, the United States, the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, South Korea, Canada, Russia, China and the Central Asian republics.学生来源涵盖土耳其、伊朗、埃及、印度、巴基斯坦、尼日利亚、格鲁吉亚、伊拉克、立陶宛、保加利亚、利比亚、美国、英国、丹麦、挪威、韩国、加拿大、俄罗斯、中国及中亚各共和国。

• The stated aspiration of the institution is to attract more international students and researchers, while no motto, anniversary day, student union or student newspaper is recorded in the material used here.校方表述的抱负是吸引更多国际学生与研究人员，而所用材料未记载校训、校庆日、学生会或学生媒体。

Notable people

• Hamlet Isakhanli, the founder of March 1991, is the central figure of the university's history, having formed the institution to reform Soviet-era higher education, and the Chinese record renders his name as Isaxanli.1991 年 3 月的创办人哈姆莱特·伊萨罕利是该校历史上的核心人物，他为改革苏联时代的高等教育而组建此校，中文材料将其姓名拼作 Isaxanli。

• Professor Tofik Abaskuliyev directs the Khazar University Dictionary and Encyclopedia Center, in that post while the center has been operating since April 1996.托菲克·阿巴斯库里耶夫教授主持哈扎尔大学词典与百科中心，自该中心 1996 年 4 月运作以来即由其执掌。

• Vugar Mustafayev, an alumnus recorded in the article, served as minister of the Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan, the highest government office attributed to a graduate of the university.条目所载校友武加尔·穆斯塔法耶夫（Vugar Mustafayev）曾任阿塞拜疆国防工业部部长，是该校毕业生中被记述的最高政府职务。

• Soltan Mammadov is listed as an Azerbaijani politician and a member of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan, the legislature also called the Milli Majlis.索尔坦·马梅多夫（Soltan Mammadov）被列为阿塞拜疆政治人物、阿塞拜疆国民会议议员，该立法机关亦称 Milli Majlis。

• Ceyhun Mammadov, written Ceyhun Məmmədov in Azerbaijani, appears as a public and political figure and a deputy of the Milli Majlis of the Republic of Azerbaijan.杰伊洪·马梅多夫（阿塞拜疆语写作 Ceyhun Məmmədov）以公共与政治人物身份在册，并任阿塞拜疆共和国国民会议议员。

• Adnan Hajizadeh is recorded as a blogger and youth activist, the only representative of new-media public life on the alumni list of the university.阿德南·哈吉扎德（Adnan Hajizadeh）被记为博客作者与青年活动人士，是该校校友名单中唯一的新媒体公共生活代表。

• Nargiz Birk-Petersen is listed as a television commentator, adding a broadcasting figure to a roster otherwise dominated by politics.纳吉兹·伯克-彼得森（Nargiz Birk-Petersen）被列为电视解说员，为这份以政界为主的名单增添一位广播影视人士。

• Nigar Jamal appears in the record as the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest of 2011, the most internationally visible name associated with the university founded in 1991.尼加尔·贾马尔（Nigar Jamal）在材料中被记为 2011 年欧洲电视网歌唱大赛冠军，是这所 1991 年创办的大学关联人物中国际能见度最高的一位。

• The composition of that list is telling, with two deputies of the Milli Majlis and one national minister beside three media and cultural figures, so the documented alumni record is political and public rather than scientific.该名单的构成颇具说明力：两位国民会议议员与一位中央部长，配以三位媒体文化人士，可见有据可查的校友记录偏向政界与公共领域而非学术界。

• Names and terms of the current rector, provost or vice-chancellor are not recorded in the material used, and no Nobel, Turing or Fields-level affiliate is documented, so those items are left blank here.所用材料未记载现任校长、教务长或副校长的姓名与任期，亦无诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖级人物的关联记录，此各项在本条目留白。