Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute

The National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", commonly known as NTU "KhPI" or Kharkiv Polytechnic, is a public technical university in the city of Kharkiv in eastern Ukraine.國立技術大學「哈爾科夫理工學院」（簡稱哈爾科夫理工、NTU「KhPI」）是位於烏克蘭東部哈爾科夫市的一所公立技術大學，為該國歷史最悠久的工科院校之一，長年以工程、理化與計算機科學教育見長，是烏克蘭東部最重要的工程人才培養基地，校友遍布該國工業、科研與國防領域。

Founded in 1885, it is the second-oldest technical university in the former Russian Empire after the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology, and the second-oldest in the territory of modern Ukraine after Lviv Polytechnic.該校創建於1885年，是前俄羅斯帝國歷史第二悠久的技術大學（僅次於聖彼得堡國立技術學院），也是今日烏克蘭境內歷史第二悠久的技術大學（僅次於利沃夫理工學院）；百餘年來始終以工程與自然科學教育為核心，其校史也與烏克蘭東部工業化的進程緊密交織。

It teaches more than 15,000 students across 10 educational and scientific institutes and 103 departments, and in the 2027 QS World University Rankings it was placed in the 1001-1200 band.該校設有10個教育科研學院與103個教研室，在校學生逾一萬五千人，並在2027年QS世界大學排名中位列第1001-1200位區間；作為烏克蘭東部規模最大的工科院校，其教學與科研重心長期集中於機械、電力、化工與計算機等應用學科，畢業生遍布該國工業與國防系統。

History

• The institute was established in 1885 as the Practical Technological Institute under a programme for technical education in the Russian Empire that had been drawn up by the chemist Dmitry Mendeleev.該校於1885年以「實用技術學院」之名創立，其設立依據是化學家門捷列夫為俄羅斯帝國制定的技術教育方案，旨在為本國工業培養急需的工程人才；學院的設立標誌著哈爾科夫地區高等工程教育的正式開端，其後百餘年間學校與當地的礦業、機械與軍工產業始終緊密相連。
• It opened with two departments, mechanical and chemical, and could provide training to only 125 students in its first years.建院之初僅設機械與化學兩個專業部門，辦學規模有限，初期只能容納125名學生就讀。
• The organizer and first rector of the institute was Viktor Kyrpychov, an honoured professor specialising in mechanics and the strength of materials.該校的籌辦者與首任院長是維克托·基爾皮喬夫，他是一位專精於力學與材料強度的功勳教授，為學校奠定了工程教育的基礎。
• In 1898 the institute was renamed the Emperor Alexander III Technological Institute, in honour of the Russian emperor.1898年該校更名為亞歷山大三世皇帝技術學院，以紀念當時的俄羅斯皇帝。
• After the October Revolution of 1917 the Technological Institute continued its work as the country was reorganised.1917年十月革命之後，技術學院在新的國家體制下繼續辦學，承擔起為新政權培養工程師的任務。
• In 1921 the institute set up the first department for workers, a rabfak, in Ukraine, opening higher technical study to working people.1921年該校在烏克蘭率先設立工人系（工農速成中學），向勞動階層敞開高等技術教育的大門。
• In 1923, at the request of students, teachers and employees, the institute was renamed in honour of Vladimir Lenin.1923年應師生員工的要求，學院以列寧之名重新命名。
• In 1929 the Lenin Institute of Technology was renamed the Kharkiv V.I. Lenin Polytechnic Institute, a name it kept until the fall of the Soviet Union.1929年列寧技術學院更名為哈爾科夫列寧理工學院（KhPI），此名一直沿用到蘇聯解體前後；此後學校迅速成為蘇聯時期烏克蘭規模最大的工科院校之一，為當時快速推進的工業化輸送了大批工程師。
• In 1930 five independent higher-education institutions, for mechanical machine-engineering, electrical technology, chemical technology, engineering and construction, and aviation, were created out of the institute, and KhPI temporarily ceased to exist.1930年，該校一度被拆分為機械製造、電工技術、化工技術、工程與建築以及航空五所獨立院校，哈爾科夫理工學院作為整體暫時消失。
• Historians nevertheless regard these five institutions as informal branches that share a common history with Kharkiv Polytechnic.儘管如此，史學界仍將這五所院校視為與哈爾科夫理工共享同一淵源的分支機構，共同構成其校史脈絡。
• During the Second World War more than 3,000 professors, students and employees of the institute joined the army.第二次世界大戰期間，該校有三千餘名教授、學生與員工投身軍旅，奔赴前線。
• Evacuated to Krasnoufimsk and Chirchiq, the institute continued to train engineering staff and solved scientific problems related to national defence, including tank-design work associated with the T-34.學校疏散至克拉斯努菲姆斯克與奇爾奇克後仍堅持辦學，為國防解決科研難題，並參與了與T-34坦克相關的設計工作。
• Alexander Morozov, one of the key engineers behind the T-34 tank, worked on that design effort.該校出身的亞歷山大·莫羅佐夫是T-34坦克的關鍵設計工程師之一，其貢獻被視為二戰蘇軍裝甲力量的技術支柱。
• In 1949 four of the separated institutions were reunited into the Kharkiv V.I. Lenin Polytechnic Institute, and Professor Mikhail Semko was appointed rector, remaining in the post for thirty years.1949年其中四所院校重新合併為哈爾科夫列寧理工學院，米哈伊爾·謝姆科教授出任院長，並在此職位上任職長達三十年，主持了戰後的重建與發展；合併之後學校迅速恢復並擴充院系與師資，在戰後重建年代重新確立了在蘇聯工科教育體系中的地位。
• After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kharkiv Polytechnic continued its work as a Ukrainian institution of higher learning.1991年蘇聯解體後，哈爾科夫理工學院作為烏克蘭的高等學府繼續辦學。
• In April 1994 the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine granted the institute university status, and it was renamed the Kharkiv State Polytechnic University.1994年4月，烏克蘭內閣授予該校大學地位，並將其更名為哈爾科夫國立理工大學。
• In September 2000 the status of National Technical University was conferred by decree of the President of Ukraine, and the institution has carried the name NTU "KhPI" since then.2000年9月，依烏克蘭總統令授予其「國立技術大學」地位，學校自此使用「NTU KhPI」這一名稱。
• In February 2010 NTU "KhPI" was granted the status of Autonomous Research National University by decree of the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers.2010年2月，烏克蘭內閣令授予哈爾科夫理工「自治研究型國立大學」地位。
• In the years that followed, the university strengthened its international ties, signing cooperation agreements with technical universities in Poland, Slovakia and other European countries.此後數年，該校持續強化國際聯繫，與波蘭、斯洛伐克等歐洲國家的技術大學簽署合作協議。
• On 24 June 2022 the university's Sports Complex was destroyed by Russian shelling during the full-scale invasion of Ukraine.2022年6月24日，在俄羅斯全面入侵烏克蘭期間，該校的體育綜合館遭炮火摧毀。
• Despite the war, the university has kept teaching and has continued to hold research conferences and international partnership events.儘管戰事持續，該校仍維持教學，並繼續舉辦學術會議與國際合作活動。
• In 2025 the university reported continued research activity, publishing several journals and cooperating with institutions abroad on joint projects.2025年該校報告科研活動持續推進，除發行多種學術期刊外，亦與海外院校合作開展聯合項目。

Academics

• NTU "KhPI" consists of 10 educational and scientific institutes and 103 departments covering engineering, the physical and chemical sciences, computer science, economics and management.哈爾科夫理工設有10個教育科研學院與103個教研室，涵蓋工程、理化科學、計算機科學以及經濟與管理等領域，是一所學科完備的技術大學，也是烏克蘭東部最大的工科院校。
• It trains full-time students in 42 specialties and offers instruction in 91 fields, including 69 fields available by correspondence.該校在42個專業方向培養全日制學生，並提供91個領域的教學，其中69個領域可通過函授方式修讀。
• The university is accredited at the highest fourth level and prepares specialists in machine-building, automation, electrical engineering, electronics, chemical engineering, control systems and computer science.該校擁有最高的第四級認證，培養機械製造、自動化、電工、電子、化工、控制系統與計算機科學等領域的專業人才；其工程與技術類學位在烏克蘭工業界廣受認可，畢業生長期是當地機械、電力與化工企業的重要人才來源。
• It has the greatest number of matriculated students in eastern and southern Ukraine, with 4,377 places for full-time students and more than 4,000 places for correspondence students.該校在烏克蘭東部與南部招收的學生人數最多，全日制名額為4377個，函授名額則超過四千個。
• Among its research and design units are the Scientific-and-Research Planning-and-Design Institute "Molniya" and the Scientific-and-Research Ionosphere Institute.其科研與設計機構包括「閃電」科研設計研究所以及電離層科學研究所。
• The Molniya Institute carries out research in high-voltage equipment and magnetic-pulse metal processing.「閃電」研究所從事高壓設備與磁脈衝金屬加工方面的研究，服務於工業與國防需求。
• The Ionosphere Institute studies the ionosphere in its natural and artificially perturbed states as well as neighbouring space.電離層研究所研究自然狀態與人工擾動狀態下的電離層及其鄰近空間，是烏克蘭該領域的重要研究據點。
• The university also maintains an inter-branch institute for post-diploma continuing education, a military sergeants college and a military registration board.該校另設跨部門的繼續教育進修學院、軍士學院以及軍事登記處。
• The Center for Integrated Technologies, housed in the former Radio-electronic Building, also hosts the Institute of Ionosphere of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and offices of the Ministry of Education.設於原無線電電子樓的「整合技術中心」，同時進駐烏克蘭國家科學院電離層研究所以及教育部的相關辦公機構。
• Postgraduate and doctoral degree studies are offered in 69 specialties for specialists of higher qualification.該校在69個專業方向開設研究生與博士生階段的學位課程，培養高層次專業人才。
• The Scientific-and-Research Library of the university contains more than 2 million books and provides library services free to students and researchers across Ukraine.該校科研圖書館藏書逾兩百萬冊，並向烏克蘭各高校與科研機構的師生和研究人員免費提供全面的圖書資訊服務；除總館之外，各研究所與教研室另設專業圖書室與資料室，形成覆蓋全校的資訊服務網絡。
• The Chernivtsi campus and the Poltava Polytechnic College extend the university's teaching to other regions of Ukraine.該校的切爾諾夫策校區與波爾塔瓦理工學院將教學延伸至烏克蘭其他地區。
• A Technical Machine-Tool School and a Poltava college provide junior-specialist training under six and five specialties respectively.技術機床學校與波爾塔瓦學院分別在六個和五個專業方向培養初級專業人才。
• OpenAlex records about 20,923 research works and roughly 109,442 citations associated with the university.學術資料庫OpenAlex記錄到與該校相關的論文約20923篇、被引約109442次。
• The university publishes seven journals, two scholarly collections and eighteen bulletins.該校發行七種學術期刊、兩部學術文集以及十八種通報，是其研究成果的重要發表平台，並定期舉辦學術會議與青年學者論壇。
• Its courses and research span mechanical engineering, power-plant and transport engineering, instrument-making, electric power, chemical and organic-substance technology and business management.其教學與研究涵蓋機械工程、動力裝置與運輸工程、儀器製造、電力、化工與有機物技術以及企業管理等方向。
• The Faculty of Distant and Pre-University Education prepares school leavers for entry and supports correspondence students through training-and-consulting centres.遠程與預科教育學院為中學畢業生提供升學準備，並通過教學諮詢中心支援函授學生。

Campus

• The university occupies the same campus site that was granted to it at its foundation in 1885, an area formerly known as the Technological Garden.該校至今仍使用1885年建校時所劃撥的同一片校地，這片區域舊稱「技術花園」，是學校與城市共同成長的見證，也使其校園具有罕見的連續性。
• Its legal and main address is Kirpicheva Street, building 2, in the Kyivsky district of Kharkiv, postal code 61002.其法定地址與主校區位於哈爾科夫市基輔區基爾皮喬夫街2號，郵編61002；校址自1885年建校以來從未遷移，這在烏克蘭高校中相當罕見，也使校園與城市中心的歷史街區連為一體。
• The university consists of about 20 buildings, most of them concentrated compactly between the Pushkinska and Architect Beketov metro stations.全校約有二十棟建築，多數緊密分布於普希金站與建築師別克托夫站兩座地鐵站之間。
• Eight buildings survive from the nineteenth century, including the Main Administrative Building, the Main Classroom Building, the Chemistry, Physics, Technical, Mathematical and Engineering buildings.校內有八棟十九世紀留存至今的建築，包括主行政樓、主教學樓以及化學樓、物理樓、技術樓、數學樓與工程樓。
• The Main Classroom Building, completed in 1885, is the largest of the old buildings, with three floors and ceilings 4.5 metres high.1885年落成的主教學樓是舊建築中規模最大者，共三層，天花板高達4.5公尺；樓內設有多個院系辦公室、階梯教室與閱覽室，其古典風格的樓梯是建築的主要特色，樓內外並留有紀念歷史上著名學者的銘牌與牆面藝術，長年作為學校的標誌性建築。
• Building U-1, completed in 1974, is the tallest on campus at about 60 metres with fourteen floors, and offers sweeping views over the city.1974年落成的U-1樓是校內最高建築，高約60公尺、共十四層，可俯瞰哈爾科夫市區，是該市最高的建築之一。
• Building U-2, completed in 1982, is the second-tallest, with seven floors above ground and one below.1982年落成的U-2樓是校內第二高樓，地面以上七層、地下一層。
• The Electrotechnical Building was designed by the architect Beketov in 1930 and is an example of architectural constructivism.電工樓由建築師別克托夫於1930年設計，是建築構成主義的代表作之一。
• The Sports Complex, built in the 1980s with an Olympic-size swimming pool, stood apart in the Kharkiv Youth Park before it was destroyed by shelling in June 2022.建於1980年代、設有奧運規格泳池的體育綜合館原位於哈爾科夫青年公園內，惟已於2022年6月遭炮擊摧毀。
• The Gigant student dormitory, built between 1926 and 1930, stands off-campus and remains one of the university's historic residential buildings.建於1926至1930年間的「巨人」學生宿舍位於校外，是該校歷史最悠久的宿舍建築之一。
• The university museum functions as a laboratory for the study and preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of Ukraine and of Kharkiv Polytechnic itself.該校博物館兼具實驗室功能，用於研究與保存烏克蘭以及哈爾科夫理工自身的歷史文化遺產。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Kharkiv Polytechnic was placed in the 1001-1200 band.在2027年QS世界大學排名中，哈爾科夫理工學院位列第1001-1200位區間。
• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it was placed in the 2001+ band.在2027年泰晤士高等教育世界大學排名中，該校位列第2001位及以後的區間，處於全球榜單的末段；該位次雖反映其在全球比較中位置靠後，但在烏克蘭本國工科院校中仍名列前茅。
• The university did not enter the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking, nor the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.該校未進入2026-2027年度US News全球最佳大學排名，亦未進入2026年世界大學學術排名。
• It is consistently described as one of the top five universities in Ukraine and the country's second technical university.該校長期被視為烏克蘭排名前五的大學之一，也是該國第二技術大學，在全國工科教育中居於舉足輕重的地位。
• In the 2012 rankings of the most famous universities in Ukraine it was placed in the top ten.在2012年烏克蘭最知名大學排名中，該校進入前十名。
• In its 2012 national standing it took sixth place in the composite Compass ranking and first place in the Compass ranking for the eastern region.在2012年的本國排名中，該校於綜合「羅盤」排名中位列第六，並在「羅盤」東部地區排名中位居第一。
• In the 2013 QS World University Rankings Kharkiv Polytechnic had been placed in the 701+ band.在2013年QS世界大學排名中，該校曾被列入第701位及以後的區間。
• OpenAlex records about 20,923 research works and roughly 109,442 citations associated with the university, reflecting a long-established engineering research base.OpenAlex記錄到該校約20923篇論文、約109442次被引，反映其歷史悠久的工程研究積累；其中相當部分為工程與自然科學領域的研究成果，與其技術大學的定位相符，也體現其與烏克蘭東部工業企業的長期合作，是學校工程學科長年積累的成果，並支撐著該地區的產業發展。
• The university won medals at European and world sports competitions, including 46 gold, 33 silver and 62 bronze medals at European level between 2005 and 2011.該校在歐洲與世界級體育競賽中屢獲佳績，2005至2011年間在歐洲賽事中贏得46金、33銀、62銅。
• Its athletes have included Olympic medallists, among them Aleksei Barkalov, a two-time Olympic water polo champion in 1972 and 1980.其運動員中不乏奧運獎牌得主，包括1972年與1980年兩奪奧運水球金牌的阿列克謝·巴爾卡洛夫。
• The university's honorary doctors have included scientists from thirteen countries, among them Dmitry Mendeleev and Nikolai Zhukovsky.該校的名譽博士來自十三個國家，其中包括門捷列夫與尼古拉·茹科夫斯基等著名科學家。
• The Sports Complex that hosted national training was destroyed in 2022, an event widely reported as a loss to Ukrainian higher education.曾承辦國家級訓練的體育綜合館於2022年遭摧毀，此事被廣泛報導為烏克蘭高等教育的一大損失。

Student life

• Student life centres on the two campuses, one holding most classrooms and administrative buildings and the other the dormitories, the Student Palace and the Sports Complex.學生生活圍繞兩大校區展開：一處集中大部分教學與行政樓宇，另一處則設有宿舍、學生宮與體育綜合館；兩區之間藉由地鐵站與市區道路相連，學生的上課、住宿與課外活動往來便利。
• The Student Palace hosts solemn events and student arts study groups, giving students a venue for music, dance and drama.學生宮用於舉辦隆重典禮與學生藝術社團活動，為學生提供音樂、舞蹈與戲劇的場所。
• There are two stairwells and six lifts in building U-1, two of them high-speed, which run only in the ten minutes before lectures begin.U-1樓設有兩處樓梯間與六部電梯，其中兩部為高速電梯，且僅在上課前的十分鐘內運行。
• The student government body, known as the Student Alliance, is housed on the first floor of building U-2.該校學生自治組織「學生聯盟」設於U-2樓一層。
• University newspapers and the entrance-examination commission also have their offices in building U-2, along with a cafeteria.校報編輯部與招生考試委員會的辦公室亦設於U-2樓，並附設自助餐廳。
• The campus takes part in international exchange and cooperation projects, including schemes that integrate students and staff into European research networks.該校參與國際交流與合作項目，包括將師生納入歐洲科研網絡的各類計畫；近年更與波蘭、斯洛伐克等國的技術大學簽署合作備忘錄，擴大科研交流。
• An alumni and staff tradition of student scientific work dates back to the early twentieth century, when public scientific activities were promoted on campus.該校推動學生科研工作的傳統可追溯至二十世紀初，當時便在校內推廣科學普及活動。
• The Gigant dormitory, built between 1926 and 1930, is one of the oldest student residences associated with the university.建於1926至1930年間的「巨人」宿舍是該校歷史最悠久的學生住所之一。
• Despite wartime conditions, students have continued their studies and the university has maintained its admissions and academic calendar.儘管處於戰時條件下，學生仍持續就學，學校亦維持招生與學年安排；校方並盡力維持圖書館、宿舍、線上教學與後勤等基本服務，盡可能保障師生在戰爭環境下的學習條件。

Notable people

• Viktor Kyrpychov was the organizer and first rector of the institute, an honoured professor of mechanics and strength of materials.維克托·基爾皮喬夫是該校的籌辦者與首任院長，是專精於力學與材料強度的功勳教授。
• Dmitry Mendeleev, the chemist who devised the imperial technical-education programme, was among the institute's first honorary doctors.為帝國制定技術教育方案的化學家門捷列夫，是該校最早的名譽博士之一。
• Mikhail Semko, rector from 1949 for thirty years, guided the university through its post-war reconstruction.1949年起任院長、在位三十年的米哈伊爾·謝姆科，帶領學校完成了戰後重建。
• Lev Landau, the Soviet physicist who won the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics, was educated at Kharkiv Polytechnic.1962年諾貝爾物理學獎得主、蘇聯物理學家列夫·朗道曾就讀於哈爾科夫理工學院，其學術成就也為該校贏得了世界性的聲譽。
• Konstantin Chelpan was the chief designer of the engine used in the T-34 tank.康斯坦丁·切爾潘是T-34坦克所用發動機的總設計師。
• Mikhail Gurevich, co-designer of the MiG series of fighter aircraft, was an alumnus of the institute.米格系列戰鬥機的共同設計者米哈伊爾·古列維奇是該校校友。
• Leon Theremin, inventor of the theremin, the first electronic musical instrument, studied at the institute.世界上第一件電子樂器「特雷門琴」的發明者列夫·特雷門曾就讀於該校。
• Nikolay Beketov, a Russian physical chemist, and Vladimir Steklov, a mathematician and physicist, were associated with the institute.俄羅斯物理化學家尼古拉·別克托夫以及數學家兼物理學家弗拉基米爾·斯捷克洛夫均與該校淵源深厚。
• Leonid Krasin, a Bolshevik politician and diplomat, and Iona Yakir, a Red Army commander and military reformer, were also alumni.布爾什維克政治家與外交家列昂尼德·克拉辛、紅軍指揮官與軍事改革者約納·亞基爾亦為該校校友。
• Nikolai Pylchykov, a KhPI professor, was a practical physicist and inventor associated with radio remote control and the photovoltaic effect.該校教授尼古拉·皮利奇科夫是實用物理學家與發明家，其研究涉及無線電遙控與光生伏打效應。
• Alexey Oleynik, a Ukrainian-Russian mixed martial artist and two-time world combat sambo champion, is counted among the university's sports alumni.烏克蘭裔俄羅斯綜合格鬥選手、兩屆世界桑搏冠軍阿列克謝·奧列尼克亦被列為該校的體育校友。