Kazan Federal University

Kazan Federal University is a public research university in Kazan, the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and the second oldest continuously operating university in the country, known in Russian as Kazansky federalny universitet.喀山联邦大学是俄罗斯鞑靼斯坦共和国首府喀山的一所公立研究型大学，为该国延续办学历史第二悠久的大学，俄文名为（Казанский федеральный университет）。

Founded on 5 November 1804 as Imperial Kazan University, when Emperor Alexander I signed its charter and affirmative letter, it has long served the Volga, Kama and Ural regions as well as Siberia and the Caucasus.该校于 1804 年 11 月 5 日以喀山帝国大学之名创办，由沙皇亚历山大一世签署章程与批文，长期服务伏尔加、卡马与乌拉尔地区以及西伯利亚和高加索。

It is placed 468th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, sits in the 1001-1200 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, ranks 1192nd in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities and stands in the 901-1000 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, with OpenAlex recording 45,661 works and 897,130 citations.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 468，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中处于 1001 至 1200 区间，在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 1192，在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中处于 901 至 1000 区间；OpenAlex 统计其成果 45,661 项、累计被引 897,130 次。

History

• The first students, enrolled in 1805, were graduates of the First Kazan Gymnasium, and the young institution initially operated under the auspices of Moscow State University until it underwent its full opening in 1814.首批学生于 1805 年入学，均为喀山第一中学的毕业生；这所新生的大学起初隶属莫斯科大学管辖，直至 1814 年才正式全面开办。

• After its full opening the university was restructured as a classical institution with four departments, covering moral and political sciences, physical and mathematical sciences, medical sciences and philology.全面开办后，该校重组为设有四个学部的古典大学，涵盖道德与政治科学、物理与数学科学、医学以及语文学。

• Before Tomsk University existed the University of Kazan was the easternmost university in the Russian Empire, and in 1819 the official M. L. Magnitsky reported a spirit of dissent and irreligion there, prompting the dismissal of many professors and the removal of harmful books from the library.在托木斯克大学成立之前，喀山大学是俄罗斯帝国最东端的大学；1819 年，官员马格尼茨基报告该校存在异端与不信神的风气，导致多名教授被解职、有害书籍被撤出图书馆。

• Between 1819 and 1821 the alumnus and scholar Ivan Simonov took part in the discovery of Antarctica during the first Russian round-the-world expedition and pioneered Antarctic studies.1819 年至 1821 年间，该校校友兼学者伊万·西蒙诺夫参加俄国首次环球航行并参与发现南极洲，开创了南极研究。

• In 1825 the Main Building of the university was erected, and by 1830 the Main Campus was completed with its library, chemical laboratory, dissection rooms, astronomical observatory and clinics.1825 年，大学主楼落成；到 1830 年，主校园建成，包含图书馆、化学实验室、解剖室、天文台与诊所。

• In 1834 the journal Proceedings of Kazan University began publication, and in 1835 Tsar Nicholas I ordered the creation of faculties of philosophy, law and medicine.1834 年，《喀山大学学报》开始出版；1835 年，沙皇尼古拉一世下令设立哲学、法律与医学三个学院。

• In 1844 the professor Karl Ernst Claus discovered and named ruthenium, the only chemical element discovered in Tsarist Russia, and the university became known as the birthplace of organic chemistry.1844 年，卡尔·恩斯特·克劳斯教授发现并以俄罗斯之名命名了钌，这是沙皇俄国发现的唯一化学元素；该校亦被誉为有机化学的诞生地。

• Around 1850 the oriental studies materials and collections of Kazan University were transferred to Saint Petersburg, and in 1863 Alexander II reorganised the university into four departments of history and philology, physics and mathematics, law, and medicine.约 1850 年，该校东方学研究资料与藏品被移交圣彼得堡；1863 年，亚历山大二世将大学重组为历史与语文、物理与数学、法律、医学四个学部。

• Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, the future leader of the Soviet Union better known as Lenin, studied law at the university from August 1887 until he was expelled in December 1887 for student disturbances.后来的苏联领导人弗拉基米尔·伊里奇·乌里扬诺夫（即列宁）于 1887 年 8 月至 12 月在该校攻读法律，因学潮被开除。

• In 1876 the imperial government authorised Higher Women's Courses in cities with a university, and female applicants at Kazan could enroll in evening classes from October 1876, a decade of women's higher education that ended when the courses closed in 1886.1876 年，帝国政府批准在有大学的城市开设高等女子课程；自 1876 年 10 月起，女性申请者可入读喀山大学的夜间课程，这一女性高等教育延续十年，至 1886 年课程停办。

• During the Russian Civil War the siege and capture of Kazan by the Red Army and the Czechoslovak Corps in August and September 1918 caused a large exodus of students and teachers, many of whom helped found universities in Tomsk and Irkutsk.俄国内战期间，红军与捷克斯洛伐克军团于 1918 年 8 月至 9 月围攻并占领喀山，大批师生外流，其中许多人参与创办了托木斯克与伊尔库茨克的大学。

• By a Council of People's Commissars directive of 9 October 1918 the system of academic ranks was abolished, and the university opened a workers' faculty on 1 November 1919 to educate peasants without entrance examinations.依据人民委员会 1918 年 10 月 9 日的指令，学衔制度被废除；该校于 1919 年 11 月 1 日开办工人系，免试招收农民接受教育。

• In 1922 the university's Faculty of Forestry merged with the agriculture faculty of Kazan Polytechnic to form the Kazan Institute of Agriculture and Forestry.1922 年，该校林学院与喀山工业学院的农学院合并，组建喀山农业与林业学院。

• In 1925 the All-Russian Central Executive Committee renamed Kazan State University after V. I. Ulyanov-Lenin, recognising the time Lenin had spent as a student there.1925 年，全俄中央执行委员会将喀山国立大学更名为乌里扬诺夫—列宁国立大学，以纪念列宁在此求学的经历。

• In the 1930s several faculties were separated from the university to become independent institutions, among them what is now Kazan State Medical University.20 世纪 30 年代，该校若干学院被分立为独立院校，其中包括如今的喀山国立医科大学。

• During the Second World War years of 1941 to 1943 members of the Soviet Academy of Sciences were evacuated from Moscow and Leningrad and housed at the university, leading to the founding of a Kazan department of the academy in 1945.1941 年至 1943 年二战期间，苏联科学院多名院士从莫斯科与列宁格勒疏散至该校安置，并于 1945 年促成科学院喀山分部的成立。

• The university received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1953 and the Order of Lenin in 1979, and in the 1970s it built high-rise academic buildings for physics in 1973 and mathematics in 1978.该校于 1953 年获劳动红旗勋章、1979 年获列宁勋章；20 世纪 70 年代又先后于 1973 年建成物理学科高层教学楼、1978 年建成数学学科高层教学楼。

• In 1989 the university opened the UNICS Sports Centre and Concert Hall, and by President Boris Yeltsin's decree of 1996 the Architectural Complex of Kazan University was added to the National Cultural Heritage Register of Russia.1989 年，该校启用 UNICS 体育中心与音乐厅；依据 1996 年总统叶利钦的命令，喀山大学建筑群被列入俄罗斯民族文化遗产名录。

• On 21 October 2009 President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree creating a new Volga Federal University on the basis of Kazan State University, absorbing the Tatar State University of Humanities and Education, the Kazan State Finance and Economics Institute and other institutions.2009 年 10 月 21 日，总统梅德韦杰夫签署命令，以喀山国立大学为基础组建新的伏尔加联邦大学，并并入鞑靼国立人文师范大学、喀山国立财经学院等院校。

• The university's first rector under the federal project was Ilshat Gafurov, formerly mayor of Elabuga, and in 2011 the institution gained federal status while retaining the university's historic Main Building in central Kazan.联邦项目下该校首任校长为原叶拉布加市长伊尔沙特·加富罗夫；2011 年，该校获得联邦地位，并保留市中心的历史主楼。

• In 2013 Kazan Federal University joined the national Project 5-100 and launched a programme to raise its position among world research centres, and in 2021 it joined the Priority 2030 academic excellence project.2013 年，喀山联邦大学加入国家「5-100 计划」并启动提升其世界研究地位的方案；2021 年，该校又加入「2030 优先」卓越学术计划。

Academics

• As of early 2023 the university comprised 20 primary educational units, 15 of them institutes together with one faculty and one higher school, and three territorial branches including one in Uzbekistan.截至 2023 年初，该校设有 20 个主要教学单位，其中含 15 个研究所、1 个学院与 1 所高等学校，另在三个地区设有分校，其中一处在乌兹别克斯坦。

• More than 52,000 students were enrolled in over 600 degree programmes at undergraduate and postgraduate level, including doctoral and double-degree programmes with partner universities.该校在本科与研究生层次开设 600 多个学位项目，在读学生逾 52,000 人，其中包括博士项目与伙伴院校的双学位项目。

• The number of international students was about 11,500 from 101 countries, taught largely in Russian through a preparatory school with several programmes offered in English.该校国际学生约 11,500 人，来自 101 个国家，主要通过预科以俄语授课，并设有若干英语授课项目。

• Its institutes include Physics, the N. I. Lobachevsky Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies, and Information Technologies and Intelligent Systems.其研究所包括物理研究所、罗巴切夫斯基数学与力学研究所、计算数学与信息技术研究所，以及信息技术与智能系统研究所。

• Natural science units include the Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, the Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, the Institute of Environmental Sciences and the Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry.自然科学单位包括地质与石油技术研究所、基础医学与生物研究所、环境科学研究所，以及亚历山大·布特列罗夫化学研究所。

• Humanities and social science units include the Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication, the Institute of International Relations, the Institute of Psychology and Education and the Faculty of Law.人文与社会科学单位包括语文与跨文化传播研究所、国际关系研究所、心理学与教育研究所，以及法学院。

• Economic and administrative units take in the Institute of Management, Economics and Finance and the Higher School of Business, while a separate Higher School of Public Administration offers short-term training to civil servants.经济与管理单位包括管理、经济与金融研究所与高等商学院；另设独立的公共管理高等学校，为公务员提供短期培训。

• Current research priorities are biomedicine, materials science, the hydrocarbon industry, new energy sources, information technology and cyber-physical systems and the comprehensive development of human potential.当前研究重点为生物医学、材料科学、碳氢工业、新能源、信息技术与信息物理系统，以及人的潜能的综合开发。

• The university's Nikolai Lobachevsky Scientific Library, opened in 1809, keeps 15,000 manuscripts and 3,000 rare books, including Arabic manuscripts of Avicenna and a manuscript copy of the Pentateuch.该校的罗巴切夫斯基科学图书馆于 1809 年开放，藏有 15,000 件手稿与 3,000 册善本，其中包括阿维森纳的阿拉伯文手稿与一部《摩西五经》抄本。

• The library building itself was built between 1825 and 1833 by Rector Nikolai Lobachevsky, who was at the same time the university's chief librarian.图书馆馆舍由校长尼古拉·罗巴切夫斯基在 1825 年至 1833 年间主持修建，他本人同时兼任该校首席馆员。

• KFU has partnership agreements with about 190 universities and research centres from more than 53 countries, running double diploma programmes and cotutelle agreements with its partners.喀山联邦大学与来自 53 个以上国家的约 190 所大学和研究中心签订合作协议，与伙伴开展双学位项目与联合培养协议。

• English-taught specialisations include a full six-year MBBS course and a four-year international business course, and native speakers teach Chinese, Korean, Farsi, German, Spanish and English.其英语授课专业包括六年制医学学士与外科学士课程以及四年制国际商务课程；该校还由母语人士教授中文、韩文、波斯文、德文、西班牙文与英文。

• Starting in 2011 the university ran a large-scale Pharma 2020 project financed by the federal target programme for the pharmaceutical and medical industry, setting up a Research and Education Centre of Pharmaceutics.自 2011 年起，该校实施由联邦医药与医疗产业专项计划资助的大型「医药 2020」项目，并成立药学教育与研究中心。

• Among the university's first teachers were German professors such as Johann Bartels, Franz Erdman and Christian Fren, and Karl Fuchs, founder of the Kazan Medical School, became rector in the 1820s.该校早期教师中有约翰·巴特尔斯、弗朗茨·埃尔德曼与克里斯蒂安·弗伦等德国教授；喀山医学学派奠基人卡尔·富克斯于 19 世纪 20 年代出任校长。

• KFU is a co-user of the RTT-150 telescope at the TÜBİTAK National Observatory in Turkey and carries out joint international projects supported by the DAAD, the DFG and the Volkswagen Foundation.该校是土耳其 TÜBİTAK 国家天文台 RTT-150 望远镜的共同使用单位，并开展由德国学术交流中心、德国研究基金会与大众基金会资助的联合国际项目。

• Research and study facilities include the Yevgeny Zavoisky Lab-Museum, the Botanical Museum and the Edward Eversman Zoology Museum inside the Main Building complex.科研与教学设施包括主楼建筑群内的扎沃伊斯基实验室博物馆、植物学博物馆与爱德华·埃弗斯曼动物学博物馆。

Campus

• Kazan Federal University's Main Campus lies in downtown Kazan about ten minutes on foot from the Kazan Kremlin, in the heart of the Republic of Tatarstan.喀山联邦大学主校园位于喀山市中心，距喀山克里姆林宫步行约十分钟，地处鞑靼斯坦共和国核心地带。

• The Main Building was designed by the architect Petr Pyatnitsky and built in the 1820s, and its oldest part retains three classic portals and the white foreside of the original 1822 construction.主楼由建筑师彼得·皮亚特尼茨基设计，建于 19 世纪 20 年代，其最古老部分保留了三座古典门廊与 1822 年始建时的白色正立面。

• From 1832 to 1841 the architect M. Korinfsky designed the rest of the neo-classical Architectural Complex of Kazan University, whose yard now holds the administration, the Anatomical Theatre, the Library and the Observatory.1832 年至 1841 年，建筑师 M·科林夫斯基设计了喀山大学新古典主义建筑群的其余部分；其庭院现容纳行政机构、解剖剧场、图书馆与天文台。

• The Alexander Butlerov Chemistry Institute building was built in 1953 in the Soviet neoclassical style with student help, and in 2015 a new seven-storey laboratory building was added to the campus.亚历山大·布特列罗夫化学研究所大楼于 1953 年在学生协助下建成，采用苏联新古典主义风格；2015 年，校区又增添了一座七层实验楼。

• By President Boris Yeltsin's decree in 1996 the Architectural Complex of Kazan University was entered in the National Cultural Heritage Register of Russia, and for the bicentenary an East Wing was added to the Main Building.依据 1996 年总统叶利钦的命令，喀山大学建筑群被列入俄罗斯民族文化遗产名录；为迎接二百周年校庆，主楼又增建了东翼。

• The KFU dormitory campus is located in the Universiade Village, built to accommodate participants of the XXVII World Summer Universiade of 2013, and the university's sport facilities include the UNICS and Bustan Sports Centres built in 1989 and 2010.喀山联邦大学宿舍区位于世界大学生运动会村，该村为 2013 年第 27 届世界夏季大学生运动会而建；该校体育设施包括建于 1989 年与 2010 年的 UNICS 与布斯坦体育中心。

• The premises of Kazan University are found throughout Russia in Tatarstan, Karachay-Cherkessia, Karelia and Mari El, and the university also runs a branch in Jizzakh, Uzbekistan.喀山大学的校舍遍布俄罗斯境内，分布于鞑靼斯坦、卡拉恰伊—切尔克斯、卡累利阿与马里埃尔等地；该校另在乌兹别克斯坦吉扎克设有一所分校。

• The Main Campus buildings include chemistry and physics laboratories, the Anatomical Theatre, the Museum of History of Kazan University and the Nikolai Lobachevsky Scientific Library, all grouped around the Main Building Yard.主校园建筑包括化学与物理实验室、解剖剧场、喀山大学历史博物馆与罗巴切夫斯基科学图书馆，均环绕主楼庭院分布。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Kazan Federal University is placed 468th.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，喀山联邦大学位列第 468。

• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it stands in the 1001-1200 band, and in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities it is placed 1192nd.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校处于 1001 至 1200 区间；在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 1192。

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities the university stands in the 901-1000 band, having first appeared in that table in 2018, when it was ranked 801-900.在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校处于 901 至 1000 区间；它于 2018 年首次进入该榜，当年处于 801 至 900 区间。

• The university has been ranked by the QS World University Rankings since 2012 and steadily climbed from beyond 601st place to 322nd, and it holds five-plus stars in the QS Stars rating, the only Russian university so ranked as of November 2020.该校自 2012 年起进入 QS 世界大学排名，名次从 601 名以外稳步攀升至第 322；在 QS 星级评定中获五星以上评价，截至 2020 年 11 月为俄罗斯唯一获此评级的大学。

• After gaining federal status, KFU made advancing in the global rankings a central goal through the national Project 5-100, which it joined in 2013, and later through the Priority 2030 project.获得联邦地位后，喀山联邦大学把提升全球排名列为核心目标，为此于 2013 年加入国家「5-100 计划」，其后又参与「2030 优先」项目。

• According to OpenAlex the university has produced 45,661 research works attracting 897,130 citations.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校已产出 45,661 项研究成果，累计被引 897,130 次。

• The university is known as the birthplace of organic chemistry through the work of Aleksandr Butlerov, Vladimir Markovnikov and Aleksandr Arbuzov, and as the place where Evgeny Zavoisky discovered electron spin resonance.得益于亚历山大·布特列罗夫、弗拉基米尔·马尔科夫尼科夫与亚历山大·阿尔布佐夫的工作，该校被誉为有机化学的诞生地；叶夫根尼·扎沃伊斯基亦在此发现电子自旋共振。

• Among its honours the university counts more than fifty staff members elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences and membership of international networks such as the European University Association.该校的荣誉中包括五十余名当选俄罗斯科学院院士的教师，以及欧洲大学协会等国际网络的成员身份。

• In March 2022 the European University Association suspended the rector Dmitry Tayursky following the Russian Union of Rectors' support for the invasion of Ukraine.2022 年 3 月，在俄罗斯校长联盟表态支持入侵乌克兰后，欧洲大学协会中止了校长德米特里·塔尤尔斯基的成员资格。

Student life

• Kazan Federal University's student motto is Study, Discover, Act, adopted by its student body as a statement of an active and inquiring spirit.喀山联邦大学的学生座右铭为「学习、发现、行动」，被学生群体视为积极求知精神的写照。

• As of early 2023 about 11,500 of its students came from 101 countries, giving Kazan one of the most international student communities in the Volga region.截至 2023 年初，该校约有 11,500 名学生来自 101 个国家，使喀山拥有伏尔加地区国际化程度最高的学生群体之一。

• Student life centres on the Main Campus, which stands a short walk from the Kazan Kremlin and the riverside historic quarter of the city.学生生活以主校园为核心，从校园步行片刻即可抵达喀山克里姆林宫与城市河畔的历史街区。

• The university's UNICS Sports Centre and Concert Hall, opened in 1989, and the Bustan Sports Centre, opened in 2010, together host sports and cultural events.该校 1989 年启用的 UNICS 体育中心与音乐厅，以及 2010 年启用的布斯坦体育中心，共同承办体育与文化活动。

• Students live in the Universiade Village dormitory campus, built for the 2013 World Summer Universiade, and the university runs its own student cultural and creative groups.学生住在为 2013 年世界夏季大学生运动会而建的世界大学生运动会村宿舍区；该校亦自设学生文化与创意团体。

• The Museum of History of Kazan University and the Yevgeny Zavoisky Lab-Museum offer guided visits and educational programmes for students and the public.喀山大学历史博物馆与扎沃伊斯基实验室博物馆为师生和公众提供导览与教育项目。

• The university fields student sport teams through its sports centres and runs the Volga mathematical olympiad for school and university students.该校通过其体育中心组建学生运动队，并举办面向中学与大学学生的伏尔加数学奥林匹克。

• The Higher School of Public Administration at KFU offers short-term advanced training to public servants of Tatarstan and neighbouring regions.喀山联邦大学的公共管理高等学校为鞑靼斯坦及邻近地区的公务员提供短期进修培训。

Notable people

• Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, the founder of non-Euclidean geometry, served as rector of the university from 1827 to 1846 and was at the same time its chief librarian.非欧几里得几何的创立者尼古拉·伊万诺维奇·罗巴切夫斯基，于 1827 年至 1846 年任该校校长，并同时担任该校首席馆员。

• Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union, studied law at the university in 1887 before being expelled for student disturbances.苏联的创立者弗拉基米尔·列宁于 1887 年在该校攻读法律，后因学潮被开除。

• Leo Tolstoy and Sergei Aksakov, two classic writers of Russian literature, were students of the university in the nineteenth century.俄罗斯文学两位经典作家列夫·托尔斯泰与谢尔盖·阿克萨科夫，均于 19 世纪在该校求学。

• Karl Ernst Claus, a professor at the university, discovered the element ruthenium in 1844 and named it in honour of Russia.该校教授卡尔·恩斯特·克劳斯于 1844 年发现化学元素钌，并以俄罗斯为其命名。

• Aleksandr Butlerov and Vladimir Markovnikov, professors of the university, laid the foundations of the theory of the chemical structure of organic compounds.该校教授亚历山大·布特列罗夫与弗拉基米尔·马尔科夫尼科夫为有机化合物化学结构理论奠定了基础。

• Yevgeny Zavoisky, a physicist at the university, discovered electron paramagnetic resonance, and Semen Altshuler discovered acoustic paramagnetic resonance there.该校物理学家叶夫根尼·扎沃伊斯基发现电子顺磁共振，谢苗·阿尔特舒勒则在此发现声学顺磁共振。

• Ivan Simonov, an alumnus, astronomer and participant in the discovery of Antarctica in 1819 and 1821, later served as rector of the university.校友、天文学家伊万·西蒙诺夫曾参与 1819 年与 1821 年发现南极洲的航行，后出任该校校长。

• Mily Balakirev, the composer and member of the group known as the Mighty Handful, studied mathematics at the university.作曲家、「强力集团」成员米利·巴拉基列夫曾在该校攻读数学。

• Velimir Khlebnikov, the futurist poet, and Pavel Melnikov-Pechersky, the novelist, were students of the university.未来派诗人韦利米尔·赫列布尼科夫与小说家帕维尔·梅尔尼科夫—佩切尔斯基均曾在该校求学。

• Alexander Luria, the neuropsychologist, and Aleksandr Arbuzov, the chemist, were associated with the university as students and scholars.神经心理学家亚历山大·卢里亚与化学家亚历山大·阿尔布佐夫，都曾以学生或学者身份与该校结缘。