Kazakh National Medical University

Kazakh National Medical University named after S. D. Asfendiyarov, abbreviated KazNMU, is a specialised Medical School in Almaty, Kazakhstan, and the oldest and largest medical university in the country.哈萨克斯坦国立医科大学（全称以 С·Д·阿斯芬迪亚罗夫命名，简称 KazNMU）是哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图的一所专门医学高校，也是国内历史最久、规模最大的医科大学。

Its creation was decided by the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on 10 July 1930 and teaching began in the 1930/1931 academic year, while national university status was conferred on it by presidential decree in 2001.其设立由俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国人民委员会于 1930 年 7 月 10 日决定，教学自 1930 至 1931 学年开始，国立大学地位则由 2001 年的总统令授予。

It teaches about 14,600 students, among them 2,654 international students from 36 countries, was placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 and the 1201-1400 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education table, and OpenAlex records 4,189 works with 75,332 citations for it.该校在读学生约 1.46 万人，其中国际学生 2654 人、来自 36 个国家；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 1001-1200 位，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育榜中列第 1201-1400 位；据 OpenAlex 记载有 4189 篇文献与 75332 次被引。

History

• The decision to open the first medical university in Kazakhstan was taken by the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR on 10 July 1930, in a decree listing 18 institutions, among them the entry "Alma-Ata. Medical Institute. Therapeutic and Preventive Faculty. Admission: winter 1930/1931, 100 people".在哈萨克斯坦开办首所医学高校的决定由俄罗斯苏维埃联邦社会主义共和国人民委员会于 1930 年 7 月 10 日作出，该命令列出 18 所院校，其中一条为「阿拉木图。医学院。医疗与预防系。招生：1930 至 1931 年冬季，100 人」。

• A copy of that historic document is preserved in the university's History Museum, and admissions opened in December 1930, continuing actively until 5 October 1931.该历史文件的副本保存在学校校史馆中；招生于 1930 年 12 月启动，持续进行至 1931 年 10 月 5 日。

• The first-year cohort that resulted numbered 289 students, of whom 30.1 per cent were women, 51.9 per cent Kazakhs, 36.7 per cent Russians and 11.4 per cent from other Eastern ethnicities.由此录取的首届学生共 289 人，其中女性占 30.1%，哈萨克族占 51.9%，俄罗斯族占 36.7%，其他东方民族占 11.4%。

• At its opening the institute had 10 departments staffed by 5 professors, 4 associate professors and 15 assistants and lecturers.学院开办时设 10 个系，师资为 5 名教授、4 名副教授与 15 名助教和讲师。

• S. Zh. Asfendiyarov served as the institute's first director until 30 May 1931, when he was appointed People's Commissar of Health of the Kazakh ASSR by the decree of 28 May 1931.С·Ж·阿斯芬迪亚罗夫任学院首任院长，直至 1931 年 5 月 30 日，他依 1931 年 5 月 28 日的命令出任哈萨克自治共和国卫生人民委员。

• Isengali Kireevich Kasabulatov was the second director, serving from 1931 to 1933, and was arrested on 14 August 1937 and died on 26 February 1938.伊先加里·基列耶维奇·卡萨布拉托夫为第二任院长，任职于 1931 至 1933 年，其后于 1937 年 8 月 14 日被捕，1938 年 2 月 26 日去世。

• According to the decision of the Supreme Court of the USSR of 7 December 1957, Kasabulatov was fully rehabilitated, a fact the university's own chronicle records.据苏联最高法院 1957 年 12 月 7 日的裁决，卡萨布拉托夫获完全平反，此一事实载于该校自编的校史。

• In November 1933 Khairira Mukhametovna Mukhametova was appointed director, the only woman in the institute's history to hold that position, and she served until 31 December 1934.1933 年 11 月，海里拉·穆哈梅托夫娜·穆哈梅托娃出任院长，是学院历史上唯一担任此职的女性，任职至 1934 年 12 月 31 日。

• Mukhametova initiated construction of the zero cycle of the morphological building, now the rectorate, and in 1934 the institute established its first graduate school under her administration.穆哈梅托娃启动了形态学楼（今校部办公楼）零期工程的建设，并在其治下的 1934 年设立了学院首个研究生部。

• Student numbers grew steadily, from 26 study groups in 1934 to 34 in 1935 and 45 in 1936, while Kazakhs fell from 51.9 per cent of the first cohort to 17.6 per cent of the student body by 1936.学生规模稳步增长，学习组数由 1934 年的 26 组增至 1935 年的 34 组、1936 年的 45 组；哈萨克族在学生中的占比则由首届的 51.9% 降至 1936 年的 17.6%。

• On 22 February 1936 the Council of People's Commissars of the Kazakh ASSR issued Decree No. 147 naming the institute after V. Molotov in honour of the first graduation of doctors in Kazakhstan.1936 年 2 月 22 日，哈萨克自治共和国人民委员会第 147 号命令以莫洛托夫之名为学院命名，以纪念哈萨克斯坦第一批医生的毕业。

• By that time the institute had 34 departments and 109 teaching staff, including 22 professors, and in 1938 an order was issued to open a pediatric faculty admitting 75 students.其时学院已有 34 个系与 109 名教师，其中教授 22 人；1938 年又下令开办儿科系，招生 75 人。

• Professor Alexander Ivanovich Malinin, head of the obstetrics and gynaecology department, served as the first dean of that pediatric faculty from 1938 to 1941.妇产科学系主任亚历山大·伊万诺维奇·马利宁教授于 1938 至 1941 年出任该儿科系首任系主任。

• With the Second World War all leaves were cancelled and the curriculum was revised to give more hours to military field surgery, while more than 90 evacuated teachers, researchers and laboratory assistants arrived in Alma-Ata in the first weeks of the war.第二次世界大战期间，假期全部取消、课程改以增加战地外科课时；战争头几周即有 90 余名疏散而来的教师、研究人员与实验员抵达阿拉木图。

• A sanitary-hygienic faculty was opened in 1943, and over the four years of the war the institute trained about 2,000 doctors, with up to 75 per cent going to front-line and rear hospitals or to the Ministry of Defence.卫生学系于 1943 年开办；战争四年间学院培养约 2000 名医生，其中多达 75% 被派往前线与后方医院或供职于国防部门。

• Further faculties followed in peacetime, with a pharmaceutical faculty in 1951 and a dental faculty in 1959, and on 7 February 1963 the Ministry of Health of the Kazakh SSR renamed the institute the Almaty State Medical Institute.和平时期继续增设院系：1951 年设药学系，1959 年设口腔系；1963 年 2 月 7 日，哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国卫生部将学院改名为阿拉木图国立医学院。

• In 1975 Professor Kuanish Mubarakovich Maskeev became rector and oversaw the construction of 12 new educational and social facilities, the first building programme of its kind in the institute's history.1975 年库阿尼什·穆巴拉科维奇·马斯克耶夫教授出任院长，主持建成 12 处新的教学与社会设施，是学院历史上首次此类建设计划。

• On 13 April 1981 the institute was awarded the Certificate of Honour of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour for its contribution to public health and medical science.1981 年 4 月 13 日，学院因对公共卫生与医学科学的贡献获颁苏联最高苏维埃主席团荣誉证书与劳动红旗勋章。

• After the December 1986 youth protests the authorities moved national cadres out of senior posts, and Professor E. S. Belozerov of the Novosibirsk Medical Institute was appointed rector in the spring of 1987.1986 年 12 月青年抗议之后，当局把本国干部调离高级职务；1987 年春，新西伯利亚医学院的 Е·С·别洛泽罗夫教授受任院长。

• On 11 January 1989 the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR named the institute after S. D. Asfendiyarov, and in 1992, after Alma-Ata was renamed Almaty, it became the Almaty State Medical Institute named after S. D. Asfendiyarov.1989 年 1 月 11 日，哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国部长会议以 С·Д·阿斯芬迪亚罗夫为学院命名；1992 年阿拉木图易名后，学院改称阿拉木图国立医学院（以 С·Д·阿斯芬迪亚罗夫命名）。

• By Government Decree No. 978 of 7 July 1996 and Ministry of Health Order No. 384 of 22 August 1996 the institute became the Kazakh State Medical University named after S. D. Asfendiyarov, and on 5 July 2001 President Nazarbayev's Decree No. 648 gave it national status.依 1996 年 7 月 7 日政府第 978 号令与 1996 年 8 月 22 日卫生部第 384 号令，学院改为哈萨克斯坦国立医科大学（以 С·Д·阿斯芬迪亚罗夫命名）；2001 年 7 月 5 日纳扎尔巴耶夫总统第 648 号令又授予其国立地位。

• It began admitting students to a Management specialty in 2004 and opened master's degrees in medicine and bachelor's degrees in nursing in 2007, and in 2015 it obtained the ISO 9001 quality certificate.该校 2004 年起招收管理专业学生，2007 年开设医学硕士与护理学士项目，2015 年取得 ISO 9001 质量认证。

• In 2019 the university was renamed the Non-Profit Joint Stock Company "Kazakh National Medical University named after S. D. Asfendiyarov", and in the same year it took first and second places in the NAAR national ranking of educational programmes.2019 年学校改组为非营利股份公司「哈萨克斯坦国立医科大学（以 С·Д·阿斯芬迪亚罗夫命名）」；同年在全国教育项目排名中获第一与第二名。

Academics

• In the 2024/2025 academic year the university consisted of six schools, two faculties and 75 departments, a structure recorded in its own year-end review.2024 至 2025 学年，学校建制为 6 个学院、2 个系部与 75 个教研室，此结构载于校方学年总结。

• Its research and clinical infrastructure comprises five scientific centres and institutes, three university clinics and 167 clinical bases.其科研与临床基础设施包括 5 个科学中心与研究所、3 所大学附属医院，以及 167 个临床基地。

• The teaching faculties are those of general medicine, therapeutics, pediatrics, medico-prophylactic work, stomatology, pharmacy, and management in public health and pharmacy, together with postgraduate provision.教学院系包括普通医学，内科，儿科，医疗预防，口腔，药学，以及公共卫生与药事管理，并设有研究生教育。

• A total of 14,558 students were enrolled in the 2024/2025 year, including 2,654 international students from 36 countries.2024 至 2025 学年共注册学生 14558 人，其中国际学生 2654 人，来自 36 个国家。

• An earlier university bulletin recorded 15,553 students for 2024 with 2,879 international students from 33 countries, showing the scale of its overseas intake in a single medical faculty.学校此前的一份简报记载 2024 年有学生 15553 人、国际学生 2879 人、来自 33 个国家，可见其单一医学门类下的海外招生规模。

• The teaching body is recorded at more than 1,500 faculty members, and the university states that more than 200 of them hold a doctor of science degree.其教师队伍记载为 1500 人以上，校方称其中逾 200 人拥有科学博士学位。

• Master's degrees in medicine and bachelor's degrees in nursing have been offered since 2007, extending the university into postgraduate medical education and undergraduate nursing.自 2007 年起开设医学硕士与护理学士项目，把学校延伸到医学研究生教育与本科护理教育。

• A Management specialty has been open to applicants since 2004 in both full-time and part-time formats, added to a curriculum that had previously been purely medical.自 2004 年起开设管理专业，分全日制与非全日制两种形式，加入此前纯医科的课程体系。

• Students train against 167 clinical bases and three university clinics, a clinical teaching network that the university cites as the basis of its practical instruction.学生在 167 个临床基地与 3 所大学附属医院中受训，此临床教学网络被校方视为其实践教学的基础。

• Five scientific centres and institutes carry the research load, alongside the teaching departments, in fields the university describes as central to Kazakh medicine.五个科学中心与研究所与教学系部共同承担科研任务，其领域被校方视为哈萨克医学的核心方向。

• The university publishes its own journal, the Vestnik KazNMU, which carries institutional research output and became the country's first medical-graduate organisation's outlet.该校出版自有期刊《Vestnik KazNMU》，刊载本校科研产出，并成为全国首个医学毕业生组织的发表平台。

• In the 2019 national ranking of educational programmes by the NAAR the university took first and second places, the strongest national subject-level results in its record.在 2019 年由 NAAR 主持的全国教育项目排名中，该校获第一与第二名，是其记载中最强的国内学科层面成绩。

• In the same year the university was placed sixth in the NAAR national ranking of university demand, which measures the labour-market pull of graduates.同年该校在 NAAR 全国大学需求度排名中列第 6 位，该排名衡量毕业生在劳动力市场的吸引力。

• The university's History Museum holds the 1930 decree and the awards of 1981, and functions as a teaching collection for students of medical history.学校校史馆藏有 1930 年的命令文件与 1981 年的荣誉奖项，并对医学史方向的学生起到教学藏品的作用。

• Instruction is conducted in Kazakh, Russian and English, and the university recruits an international student body of more than 2,600 from 36 countries across its medical and nursing programmes.教学以哈萨克语、俄语与英语进行，其医学与护理各专业共招收来自 36 个国家的 2600 余名国际学生。

• Clinical teaching is spread over the city of Almaty and its region, so that a part of every student cohort trains away from the Tole bi Street main site.临床教学遍及阿拉木图市及其所在地区，因此每届学生中总有一部分在托莱比街主校区之外受训。

Campus

• The university is located at Tole bi Street 94, Almaty, postal code 050012, in Kazakhstan's largest city.该校校址位于哈萨克斯坦最大城市阿拉木图的托莱比街 94 号，邮编 050012。

• Its campus comprises seven teaching buildings and nine dormitories, with five scientific centres and institutes and three university clinics sitting alongside them.其校园由 7 座教学楼与 9 栋宿舍构成，另有 5 个科学中心与研究所及 3 所大学附属医院与其并列。

• Student housing is documented by street: dormitory No. 3 stands at 110 Adi Sharipov Street, dormitories No. 4 and No. 5 at 128 Shevchenko Street, dormitories No. 6 and No. 7 at 140 Shagabutdinov Street and dormitory No. 8 at 113A Kurmangazy Street.学生宿舍有明确的门牌记载：第 3 宿舍在阿迪·沙里波夫街 110 号，第 4、第 5 宿舍在舍甫琴科街 128 号，第 6、第 7 宿舍在沙加布特迪诺夫街 140 号，第 8 宿舍在库尔曼加兹街 113A 号。

• Eight dormitories provided 3,168 bed places at the time of the city's most recent survey, and the university has set itself the goal of covering 100 per cent of student demand for housing.据本市最近一次调查，8 栋宿舍提供 3168 个床位；校方并提出满足全部学生住宿需求的目标。

• From the 2024 academic year students gained access to a new six-storey dormitory in the centre of Almaty, built under a government instruction to expand university housing.自 2024 学年起，学生可使用阿拉木图市中心一栋新建的六层宿舍，该楼依政府关于扩大高校住宿供给的要求兴建。

• The 1930s morphological building whose construction Khairira Mukhametova began now serves as the rectorate, the administrative centre of the university.1930 年代由海里拉·穆哈梅托娃启动建设的形态学楼，如今作为校部办公楼使用，是学校的行政中心。

• The campus sits in a city dense with other higher-education institutions, among them the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and the Kazakh National Agrarian University.该校所在城市高校密集，其中包括阿尔法拉比哈萨克国立大学与哈萨克国立农业大学。

• Its clinical teaching footprint extends well beyond the campus through 167 clinical bases, so that much of the practical training takes place in hospitals across Almaty and the surrounding region.其临床教学范围通过 167 个临床基地远超校园之外，因此相当一部分实践训练在阿拉木图及周边地区的医院中进行。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 KazNMU is placed in the 1001-1200 band, the joint interval position shared by the universities in that group.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校列于第 1001-1200 位，即该组院校并列的名次区间。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place it in the 1201-1400 band.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列于第 1201-1400 位。

• It does not appear in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities table, so no U.S. News position is recorded for it here.该校未进入 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名，故本条目不记载其 US News 名次。

• It likewise does not appear in the 2026 Shanghai Ranking of World Universities, the ARWU.该校同样未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名。

• Its QS position has moved within a narrow band in recent years, from 951-1000 in the 2024 edition to 1001-1200 in the 2025 and 2026 editions.其 QS 名次近年在一个窄幅区间内移动：2024 年版为第 951-1000 位，2025 与 2026 年版均为第 1001-1200 位。

• Within its region the university is placed 20th among Central Asian institutions in the QS Central Asia ranking of 2024 and 24th in 2025, and 345th in Asia in 2024 and 371st in 2025.在区域维度上，该校在 2024 年 QS 中亚排名中列第 20 位、2025 年列第 24 位；在亚洲排名中 2024 年列第 345 位、2025 年列第 371 位。

• It holds a five-star rating in the QS Stars system, was placed 152nd in the QS EECA ranking for 2020 and leads Kazakh medical universities in the Webometrics ranking of university websites.其获 QS 星级评定五星；在 2020 年 QS 新兴欧洲与中亚排名中列第 152 位，并在 Webometrics 大学网站排名中居哈萨克斯坦医学院校之首。

• Its measurable research output as recorded by OpenAlex is 4,189 works with 75,332 citations, a volume concentrated in clinical and public-health fields.据 OpenAlex 记载，其可量化科研产出为 4189 篇文献、75332 次被引，体量集中于临床与公共卫生领域。

• The university entered the QS World University Rankings by Subject for medicine for the first time, landing within the top 13.2 per cent of the 8,467 institutions evaluated in that subject.该校首次进入 QS 世界大学医学学科排名，位于参与该学科评比的 8467 所院校中的前 13.2%。

Student life

• Housing policy is a central feature of student life, with eight dormitories holding 3,168 bed places and a stated aim of covering the whole student body's demand.住宿政策是学生生活的核心内容：8 栋宿舍提供 3168 个床位，校方并明确提出覆盖全体学生住宿需求的目标。

• Dormitory life is spread across the city, with residences on Adi Sharipov, Shevchenko, Shagabutdinov and Kurmangazy streets, so students live in several Almaty districts rather than a single compound.宿舍分布在城市各处，分别位于阿迪·沙里波夫街、舍甫琴科街、沙加布特迪诺夫街与库尔曼加兹街，学生因此居住于阿拉木图数个城区而非单一院落。

• The student body is international as well as Kazakh, with 2,654 students from 36 countries in the 2024/2025 year forming a visible foreign cohort.学生群体既有哈萨克斯坦本国学生也有国际学生，2024 至 2025 学年来自 36 个国家的 2654 名学生构成显眼的外籍群体。

• That mixture has a long history: the first cohort of 1931 was 30.1 per cent women, 51.9 per cent Kazakhs, 36.7 per cent Russians and 11.4 per cent from other Eastern ethnicities.这种混合有其长久渊源：1931 年的首届学生中女性占 30.1%、哈萨克族占 51.9%、俄罗斯族占 36.7%，其他东方民族占 11.4%。

• Students' working week is anchored in clinical practice, since 167 clinical bases and three university clinics absorb a large part of the timetable.学生的周程以临床实践为轴心，因为 167 个临床基地与 3 所大学附属医院吸纳了相当大一部分课时。

• The Vestnik KazNMU journal and the university's History Museum give students institutional outlets for research publication and for the study of the school's own past.《Vestnik KazNMU》期刊与校史馆为学生提供了科研发表与研习本校历史的机构性渠道。

• A new dormitory in central Almaty opened from the 2024 academic year, part of a policy intended to reach full housing coverage for the student body.阿拉木图市中心的新宿舍自 2024 学年启用，这是旨在实现学生住宿全覆盖政策的一部分。

• The university was the first in the country to see a medical graduates' organisation formed, an association that now gives its alumni a collective voice.该校在全国率先成立医学毕业生组织，这一协会如今为其校友提供集体发声的渠道。

Notable people

• S. Zh. Asfendiyarov, the institute's first director from 1930 to 1931, later became People's Commissar of Health of the Kazakh ASSR, and the university carries his name.С·Ж·阿斯芬迪亚罗夫为该学院 1930 至 1931 年的首任院长，其后出任哈萨克自治共和国卫生人民委员，学校亦以其名命名。

• Isengali Kireevich Kasabulatov, the second director from 1931 to 1933, was arrested on 14 August 1937 and died on 26 February 1938, and was rehabilitated by decision of the Supreme Court of the USSR on 7 December 1957.伊先加里·基列耶维奇·卡萨布拉托夫为 1931 至 1933 年的第二任院长，1937 年 8 月 14 日被捕、1938 年 2 月 26 日去世，后由苏联最高法院 1957 年 12 月 7 日的裁决予以平反。

• Khairira Mukhametovna Mukhametova, director from November 1933 to December 1934, was the only woman to lead the institute and was born on 15 June 1908 in Mortuk in the Aktobe region.海里拉·穆哈梅托夫娜·穆哈梅托娃自 1933 年 11 月至 1934 年 12 月任院长，是唯一领导该学院的女性，1908 年 6 月 15 日生于阿克托别地区穆尔图克。

• Mukhametova later directed the Semipalatinsk Pedagogical Institute and worked as an economist in the Ministry of Agriculture of the Kazakh SSR from 1953 to 1982.穆哈梅托娃其后出任塞米巴拉金斯克师范学院院长，并于 1953 至 1982 年在哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国农业部任经济师。

• Viktor Vasilyevich Zikeev, rector from 1934 to 1943, was a surgeon who graduated from the Medical Faculty of Moscow State University in 1919 and headed the Department of Hospital Surgery from 1934 to 1956.维克托·瓦西里耶维奇·济克耶夫为 1934 至 1943 年的院长，是外科医生，1919 年毕业于莫斯科国立大学医学系，并于 1934 至 1956 年主持医院外科学系。

• Zikeev was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Badge of Honour in 1940, trained 18 candidates and two doctors of medical sciences, and was chief surgeon of the Ministry of Health of the Kazakh SSR from 1934 to 1949.济克耶夫获列宁勋章，并于 1940 年获荣誉徽章勋章，培养出 18 名副博士与 2 名医学博士，1934 至 1949 年任哈萨克苏维埃社会主义共和国卫生部首席外科医生。

• Alexander Ivanovich Malinin, head of the obstetrics and gynaecology department, was the first dean of the pediatric faculty from 1938 to 1941.妇产科学系主任亚历山大·伊万诺维奇·马利宁于 1938 至 1941 年任儿科系首任系主任。

• Kuanish Mubarakovich Maskeev served as rector from 1975 to 1987 and built 12 new educational and social facilities, the largest single building programme in the institute's history.库阿尼什·穆巴拉科维奇·马斯克耶夫于 1975 至 1987 年任院长，建成 12 处新的教学与社会设施，是学院历史上规模最大的单项建设计划。

• Evgeny Stepanovich Belozerov of the Novosibirsk Medical Institute was appointed rector in 1987 and served until 1995, taking over after the personnel changes of that period.来自新西伯利亚医学院的叶夫根尼·斯捷潘诺维奇·别洛泽罗夫于 1987 年受任院长，任职至 1995 年，接掌于当时的人事变动之后。

• Later rectors were Talgat Ashirovich Muminov from 1995 to 2008, Aikan Akanovich Akanov from 2008 to 2016, Talgat Seitzhanovich Nurgozhin from 2017 to 2022 and Marat Edigeevich Shoranov from 2022.其后历任院长为 1995 至 2008 年的塔尔加特·阿希罗维奇·穆米诺夫、2008 至 2016 年的艾坎·阿卡诺维奇·阿卡诺夫、2017 至 2022 年的塔尔加特·塞伊特扎诺维奇·努尔戈津，以及 2022 年起任职的马拉特·叶季格耶维奇·绍拉诺夫。

• Almaz Sharman, a biomedical and clinical scientist, is recorded among the university's notable alumni, and no Nobel, Turing or Fields laureate is attached to the institution in the sources consulted.生物医学与临床科学家阿尔马兹·沙尔曼记载为该校知名校友；所查资料中该校未见诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主。