Karadeniz Technical University

Karadeniz Technical University, known in Turkish as Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi and usually abbreviated KTÜ, is a public technical university on the Black Sea coast at Trabzon, Turkey, founded in 1955 and the fourth-oldest university in the country.黑海技术大学（土耳其语：Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi，简称 KTÜ）是土耳其黑海沿岸特拉布宗的公立技术大学，建于 1955 年，为该国历史第四悠久的大学。

It was the first Turkish university established outside Istanbul and Ankara and the second technical university after Istanbul Technical University, created by Law No. 6594 to drive the scientific and technological development of the Black Sea region.它是土耳其第一所在伊斯坦布尔与安卡拉之外创办的大学，也是继伊斯坦布尔技术大学之后的第二所技术大学，依据第 6594 号法律设立，旨在推动黑海地区的科技发展。

The university now comprises 12 faculties, 80 departments and six graduate institutes across nine campuses, with 32,026 students and 2,175 academic staff in its 2024-25 institutional figures.该校现有 12 个学院、80 个系与 6 个研究生院，分布于 9 个校区；按其 2024–25 学年机构数据，共有 32,026 名学生与 2,175 名教学人员。

History

• The campaign for a university in Trabzon was led in parliament by the city's deputy Mustafa Reşit Tarakçıoğlu, whose proposal with 28 colleagues became Law No. 6594, adopted on 20 May 1955.在议会中推动特拉布宗设立大学的是该市议员穆斯塔法·雷希特·塔拉克奇奥卢，他与 28 位同僚的提案最终成为 1955 年 5 月 20 日通过的第 6594 号法律。
• Prime Minister Adnan Menderes performed the opening ceremony on 20 May 1955, and the new institution was conceived as the first university the Republic of Turkey built from scratch rather than inherited from the Ottoman Empire.总理阿德南·曼德列斯于 1955 年 5 月 20 日主持创校典礼；这所新机构被视为土耳其共和国第一所完全从零兴建、而非继承奥斯曼旧学的大学。
• For its first eight years KTU existed on paper only, and it took Law No. 336 of 19 September 1963 to grant the rectorate and faculty posts needed to begin work.建校后的头八年，该校仅存在于纸面；直到 1963 年 9 月 19 日通过第 336 号法律，校长与教职编制才获批准，办学得以启动。
• Four founding faculties were created in 1963, Basic Sciences, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, and Forestry, and teaching began on 2 December 1963 in a primary school building in Esentepe.1963 年设立四个创始学院，即基础科学、土木工程与建筑、机械与电气工程、林业；同年 12 月 2 日，教学在埃森特佩一所小学的校舍内开始。
• The first students followed a five-year integrated bachelor's and master's course and graduated as higher engineers or architects, a system that lasted until the 1973 Universities Law cut the programme to four years.首届学生修读五年制本硕连读课程，毕业时获高级工程师或高级建筑师称号；这一体制一直延续到 1973 年《大学法》将学制缩短为四年。
• The Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering enrolled its first students in 1969, adding machine and electrical engineering to the civil engineering and architecture taught from 1963.机械与电气工程学院于 1969 年招收首批学生，在 1963 年已有的土木工程与建筑之外，增设机械工程与电气工程。
• The architecture department produced its first graduates in 1968, and the four-year architecture programme began in the 1977-78 academic year after the faculty had already been awarding doctorates since 1963.建筑系于 1968 年送出首届毕业生；在自 1963 年起已授予博士学位之后，四年制建筑课程于 1977–78 学年开始。
• In 1973 the university added the Faculty of Earth Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine, extending KTU from engineering and forestry into geology and clinical teaching.1973 年，学校增设地球科学学院与医学院，把办学范围从工程与林业扩展到地质与临床教学。
• Under the 1981 Higher Education Law and a 1982 decree, the civil-architecture, mechanical-electrical and earth sciences faculties were merged into a single Engineering and Architecture Faculty with 13 departments.依据 1981 年《高等教育法》与 1982 年政令，土木建筑、机械电气与地球科学三个学院合并为拥有 13 个系的工程与建筑学院。
• On 28 March 1983, Law No. 2809 renamed the institution Karadeniz University and gave it a regional mission, absorbing academies and colleges from Ünye to Artvin.1983 年 3 月 28 日，第 2809 号法律将学校更名为黑海大学，并赋予其区域使命，把从温耶到阿尔特温的学院与高等学校并入其中。
• The same 1983 reorganisation converted the Trabzon Academy of Economics and Commercial Sciences into a Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences and the Fatih Teacher Training School in Akçaabat into a Faculty of Education.同一轮 1983 年重组将特拉布宗经济与商业科学学院改为经济与行政科学学院，并把阿恰巴特的法提赫师范学校改为教育学院。
• Four years later, Law No. 3389 of 1987 restored the name Karadeniz Technical University, and the institution has kept that title ever since.四年后，1987 年第 3389 号法律恢复“黑海技术大学”校名，此后再未更改。
• Between 1982 and 2006 KTU served as a regional mother university, and six institutions were carved out of it, Giresun, Ordu, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Artvin Çoruh, Gümüşhane and Trabzon universities.1982 至 2006 年间，黑海技术大学充当区域性母体大学，先后分立出吉雷松、奥尔杜、雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安、阿尔特温·乔鲁赫、居米什哈内与特拉布宗六所大学。
• The Faculty of Dentistry, the first in Trabzon, was established on 16 June 2003 and admitted its first students in the 2006-07 academic year, graduating 457 dentists by 2018.牙科学院是特拉布宗首个牙科学院，2003 年 6 月 16 日设立，2006–07 学年招收首届学生，至 2018 年已培养 457 名牙医。
• The Faculty of Pharmacy was created on 4 September 2003, its departments were approved on 28 July 2005 and its building, begun in 2006, was handed over in 2011.药学院于 2003 年 9 月 4 日设立，2005 年 7 月 28 日获批设立系所，其大楼 2006 年动工、2011 年交付使用。
• On 4 July 2005 the Council of Ministers closed the combined Engineering and Architecture Faculty and split it into separate engineering and architecture faculties, ending a 23-year merger.2005 年 7 月 4 日，部长会议决定撤销合并多年的工程与建筑学院，分设工程、建筑两个学院，结束了长达 23 年的合并状态。
• The Faculty of Letters was created on 28 April 2010, when the Official Gazette published the decision to divide the Faculty of Science and Letters into separate science and letters faculties.文学院于 2010 年 4 月 28 日成立，当日《官方公报》公布了将理文学院拆分为理学院与文学院的决定。
• Trabzon University was separated from KTU in 2018, taking over the education and vocational units, while KTU retained engineering, medicine, science, forestry and marine sciences.特拉布宗大学于 2018 年从黑海技术大学分离，接管教育与职业类院系；黑海技术大学保留工程、医学、理学、林业与海洋科学等学部。
• KTU's regional role explains its unusual breadth for a technical university, since it once ran faculties and colleges in six surrounding provinces before those units became independent universities.黑海技术大学的区域角色解释了这所技术大学何以学科异常宽泛：在周边单位独立为大学之前，它曾在六个省份开办学院与高等学校。

Academics

• KTU's 12 faculties are Architecture, Dentistry, Economics and Administrative Sciences, Engineering, Forestry, Marine Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences, Science, Letters, Technology and Pharmacy.该校 12 个学院分别为建筑、牙科、经济与行政科学、工程、林业、海洋科学、医学、健康科学、理学、文学、技术与药学。
• The Faculty of Engineering is the university's core, with ten departments including civil, mechanical, geological, geomatics, electrical and electronics, computer, mining, metallurgical and materials, geophysical and industrial engineering.工程学院是学校核心，设土木、机械、地质、测绘、电气与电子、计算机、矿业、冶金与材料、地球物理及工业工程等十个系。
• Civil engineering dates from 1963, geological engineering from 1965 and geomatics from 1968, making the engineering faculty one of the oldest in Turkey outside Istanbul.土木工程系始于 1963 年，地质工程系始于 1965 年，测绘工程系始于 1968 年，使该工程学院成为伊斯坦布尔之外土耳其历史最久的工学院之一。
• All engineering departments except industrial engineering hold MÜDEK accreditation, the Turkish engineering quality label, and MÜDEK has evaluated the programmes on a recurring cycle.除工业工程外，工程学院各系均获土耳其工程教育认证机构 MÜDEK 的认证，并按周期接受复评。
• Civil engineering and electrical and electronics engineering run fully English-medium bachelor's programmes, and 22 departments require a compulsory English preparatory year before degree study.土木工程与电气电子工程开设全英文本科课程；另有 22 个系要求学生在进入学位课程前完成一年必修英语预科。
• In departments with an English preparatory year, up to 30 percent of courses are taught in English, and some graduate courses are also delivered in English for exchange students.设有英语预科的系中，最多 30% 的课程以英语授课；部分研究生课程也为交换生以英语开设。
• The Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Health Sciences, the dental and pharmacy faculties and the health vocational school share the health campus adjoining the main Kanuni site.医学院、健康科学学院、牙科与药学院以及卫生职业学院共用毗邻卡努尼主校区的健康校区。
• The Faculty of Forestry, founded in 1963, is one of Turkey's oldest forestry schools and works with the Hazelnut and Tea Research Centre on the region's cash crops.林学院建于 1963 年，是土耳其历史最久的林学院之一，并与榛子与茶叶研究中心合作研究该地区的经济作物。
• The Faculty of Marine Sciences at Sürmene runs a waterfront campus and trains deck and engine officers through its maritime transport and management engineering department.位于叙尔梅内的海洋科学学院在临海校区办学，并通过海上运输与管理工程系培养甲板与轮机高级船员。
• The Faculty of Architecture, separated from engineering in 2005, descends from the 1963 civil engineering and architecture faculty that produced its first graduates in 1968.建筑学院于 2005 年从工程学院分出，其前身是 1963 年设立的土木工程与建筑学院，该院于 1968 年送出首届毕业生。
• Six graduate institutes, in science, social sciences, health sciences, education sciences, forensic sciences and marine science and technology, coordinate the university's master's and doctoral programmes.学校设理学、社会科学、健康科学、教育科学、法医学以及海洋科学与技术六个研究生院，统筹全校硕士与博士项目。
• The Black Sea Research Institute and more than 20 application and research centres cover fields from landslides and sea ecology to hazelnut and tea cultivation and Caucasian studies.黑海研究所与二十余个应用研究中心覆盖滑坡、海洋生态、榛子与茶叶种植以及高加索研究等领域。
• KTU calculates ECTS credits from measured student workload, with a 17-week semester of roughly 750 to 800 hours and about 25 hours of work per credit.该校按实测学生工作量计算欧洲学分，一个 17 周学期约 750 至 800 小时，每学分约合 25 小时工作量。
• The university received the European Commission's ECTS Label, awarded to only five European universities in the round in which it applied.该校获得欧盟委员会的“欧洲学分互认体系标签”，在该轮申请中仅有五所欧洲大学获此认证。
• Language instruction is mainly Turkish, but the university runs a foreign languages school and a language centre that offers free basic Turkish courses to exchange students.教学语言以土耳其语为主，但学校设有外语学院与语言中心，为交换生提供免费基础土耳其语课程。
• KTU's medical and dental programmes carry heavier workloads than other degrees because of laboratory and clinical hours, and the dentistry curriculum adds prosthetic model production.医学与牙科专业的课业负担重于其他学位，原因在于实验与临床学时；牙科课程还包含义齿模型制作训练。
• Student numbers have grown from about 30,000 to 32,026 in the mid-2020s, while academic staffing rose to 2,175, keeping the student-to-teacher ratio close to 15 to one.2020 年代中期，学生规模由约 3 万人增至 32,026 人，教学人员增至 2,175 人，师生比大致维持在 15 比 1。
• The Faculty of Dentistry is the only dental school in Trabzon and runs a teaching clinic that serves patients from across the eastern Black Sea provinces.牙科学院是特拉布宗唯一的牙科院校，其附属教学诊所接诊来自黑海东部各省的患者。
• Research output is concentrated in engineering, materials, medicine and marine science, and the university's civil and mechanical engineering schools are its oldest doctoral-awarding units.科研产出集中于工程、材料、医学与海洋科学，土木与机械工程学院是该校最早授予博士学位的单位。

Campus

• The main Kanuni Campus sits on a wooded hillside above the Black Sea coast at Trabzon, named after Suleiman the Magnificent, who was born in the city in 1494.主校区卡努尼位于特拉布宗黑海海岸上方的林木山坡，得名于 1494 年生于该城的苏莱曼大帝。
• KTU operates nine campuses, including the health campus beside Kanuni, Sürmene and Muammer Dereli for marine sciences, Of for technology and vocational schools at Akçaabat, Araklı, Maçka, Arsin and Beşikdüzü.该校共有九个校区，包括卡努尼旁的健康校区、叙尔梅内与穆阿迈尔·德雷利海洋科学校区、奥夫技术校区，以及阿恰巴特、阿拉克勒、马奇卡、阿尔辛与贝希克杜聚的职业学校。
• The Faik Ahmet Barutçu Library on the Kanuni Campus is the central library, named after the Trabzon journalist and politician who served in the early republican parliaments.卡努尼校区的法伊克·艾哈迈德·巴鲁特丘图书馆是中央图书馆，以曾在共和国早期议会任职的特拉布宗记者与政治家命名。
• The Osman Turan Culture and Congress Centre and the Atatürk Culture Centre host conferences, concerts and the university's graduation ceremonies on the main campus.奥斯曼·图兰文化与会议中心及阿塔图尔克文化中心承担主校区的会议、音乐会与毕业典礼。
• The Faculty of Forestry manages experimental forest land around Trabzon, and the campus itself is known for its pine and spruce cover, which separates it from the dense city below.林学院管理特拉布宗周边的实验林场；校园以松树与云杉覆盖著称，与下方密集的城市街区形成分隔。
• The Sürmene marine campus on the coast east of Trabzon includes laboratories, a harbour and seawater tanks used by marine science students and staff.位于特拉布宗以东海岸的叙尔梅内海洋校区设有实验室、港池与海水水箱，供海洋科学师生使用。
• The Of campus houses the Faculty of Technology, created to move applied engineering programmes out of the overcrowded Kanuni site.奥夫校区设技术学院，其设立目的是把应用工程专业从过于拥挤的卡努尼校区迁出。
• The Maçka vocational school sits in the valley below the Sumela Monastery, an area of national park and one of the region's main tourist routes.马奇卡职业学院位于苏梅拉修道院下方的山谷，该地区属国家公园范围，也是黑海地区主要旅游线路之一。
• Trabzon Airport lies close to the Kanuni Campus, and the coastal highway links the campus to the city centre and to Rize and Samsun along the Black Sea.特拉布宗机场距卡努尼校区不远，沿海公路把校园与市中心以及黑海沿岸的里泽、萨姆松连接起来。

Reputation

• QS placed KTU in the 1401+ band of the World University Rankings 2027, the closing bracket that 102 institutions share instead of individual ranks.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校处于 1401+ 区间；这是 102 所高校共同占据的末段并列档，而非各自的具体名次。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 put KTU in the 1401-1600 band, keeping it inside the global list but outside the top 1,400.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列入 1401–1600 区间，使其仍在全球榜单之内，但未进入前 1400 名。
• U.S. News and World Report ranked KTU 1,679th in its 2026-2027 global universities list, a position driven mainly by engineering and clinical research output.美国新闻与世界报道在 2026–2027 年度全球大学榜单中将该校排在第 1679 位，这一位次主要由工程与临床科研产出推动。
• KTU is absent from the main table of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, although it appeared in ARWU subject tables a decade earlier.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，尽管十年前曾出现在该榜的学科排名中。
• In the ARWU 2018-2019 subject tables KTU stood at 201-300 for civil engineering, 301-400 for mechanical engineering and 401-500 for chemical engineering.在 2018–2019 年软科世界一流学科排名中，该校土木工程位列 201–300，机械工程位列 301–400，化学工程位列 401–500。
• U.S. News placed KTU 1,100th in the world and 574th in engineering in its 2019 edition, the strongest global subject position the university has recorded.美国新闻与世界报道 2019 年版将该校列为全球第 1100 位、工程学科第 574 位，这是该校取得的最佳全球学科位次。
• The CWTS Leiden Ranking 2019 put KTU 818th overall, 596th in biomedical and health sciences, 690th in mathematics and computer science and 656th in physical sciences and engineering.2019 年莱顿大学 CWTS 排名将该校列为全球第 818 位，生物医学与健康科学第 596 位，数学与计算机科学第 690 位，物理科学与工程第 656 位。
• URAP ranked KTU 1,135th worldwide in 2019, 756th in engineering and 378th in civil engineering, a subject in which it has long been strong.2019 年 URAP 排名将该校列为全球第 1135 位、工程第 756 位、土木工程第 378 位，土木工程是该校长期的优势学科。
• Within Turkey, KTU is one of the oldest and largest technical universities, and its engineering and architecture graduates supply a large share of the Black Sea region's technical workforce.在土耳其国内，该校是历史最久、规模最大的技术大学之一，其工程与建筑毕业生构成黑海地区技术人才的重要来源。
• KTU has no Nobel laureate, and its honours are professional and athletic, including European boxing titles won by alumni and ministerial appointments held by its engineering graduates.该校尚无诺贝尔奖得主，其荣誉多属专业与体育领域，包括校友获得的欧洲拳击冠军头衔，以及工程毕业生出任政府部长。
• The university's research profile remains regional rather than globally elite, and its rankings reflect a large teaching load, a broad faculty base and a comparatively modest citation record.该校科研仍以区域影响力为主，尚未进入全球顶尖行列；其排名反映的是较大的教学负担、宽泛的学科基础与相对有限的被引记录。

Student life

• More than 100 student clubs operate on the Kanuni Campus, each with a room in the student clubs building and a budget allocated through the health, culture and sports directorate.卡努尼校区有 100 多个学生社团，每个社团在学生社团楼拥有活动室，并经健康、文化与体育事务处获得预算。
• KTU has no formal Latin motto, and its founding law instead set the mission of contributing to the scientific and technological development of the Black Sea region.该校没有正式的拉丁文校训，其创校法律改为规定一项使命，即为黑海地区的科学与技术发展作出贡献。
• The university joined the Erasmus programme early and obtained its Erasmus Charter in 2003 under number 221082, partnering initially with Ghent University in Belgium.该校较早加入伊拉斯谟计划，2003 年取得编号 221082 的伊拉斯谟宪章，最初的合作院校是比利时根特大学。
• Exchange students are matched with Turkish student hosts, and the language centre's free basic Turkish course is built into most learning agreements.交换生会与土耳其学生结对，语言中心提供的免费基础土耳其语课程被纳入多数学习协议。
• KTU is a member of the Caucasus University Association, and its staff exchanges extend to Japan, the Central Asian republics, the United States and European partners.该校是高加索大学协会成员，其师生交流延伸至日本、中亚各国、美国与欧洲伙伴院校。
• Trabzon's football culture shapes student life, and the university's alumni include Şenol Güneş, the goalkeeper turned national team coach who led Turkey to third place at the 2002 World Cup.特拉布宗的足球文化深刻影响学生生活，校友谢诺尔·居内什由守门员转型为国家队主教练，曾率土耳其在 2002 年世界杯获得季军。
• The campus forests, the coastal road and the nearby Sumela Monastery and Uzungöl lake make outdoor trips a standard weekend activity for student clubs.校园林地、沿海公路以及附近的苏梅拉修道院与乌尊格尔湖，使学生社团的周末户外活动成为常态。
• Graduation ceremonies are held at the Osman Turan Culture and Congress Centre, and the engineering faculty's annual project exhibition is the university's main public showcase.毕业典礼在奥斯曼·图兰文化与会议中心举行，工程学院的年度项目展则是该校面向公众的主要展示活动。

Notable people

• Mustafa Reşit Tarakçıoğlu, the Trabzon deputy who proposed the founding law with 28 colleagues, is the political father of the university, and Prime Minister Adnan Menderes opened it in 1955.特拉布宗议员穆斯塔法·雷希特·塔拉克奇奥卢与 28 位同僚提出创校法案，堪称该校的政治奠基人；总理阿德南·曼德列斯于 1955 年为学校揭幕。
• Şenol Güneş, a goalkeeper who studied at KTU and later managed the Turkish national team, led Turkey to third place at the 2002 World Cup and coached Trabzonspor and Beşiktaş.谢诺尔·居内什曾在黑海技术大学就读，退役后执教土耳其国家队，率队获 2002 年世界杯季军，并执教过特拉布宗体育与贝西克塔斯。
• Sani Şener, a civil engineering graduate, co-founded TAV Airports Holding and TAV Construction, which built and operate airports in Turkey, the Caucasus and the Middle East.土木工程毕业生萨尼·谢内尔共同创办 TAV 机场控股与 TAV 建筑公司，在土耳其、高加索与中东承建并运营机场。
• Adil Karaismailoğlu, a KTU engineering graduate, served as Turkey's Minister of Transport and Infrastructure from 2020 to 2023 and oversaw major road and rail projects.工程专业毕业生阿迪尔·卡赖斯迈洛格鲁于 2020 至 2023 年任土耳其交通与基础设施部长，主管大型公路与铁路项目。
• Mehmet Cahit Turhan, another civil engineer from KTU, was Minister of Transport and Infrastructure from 2018 to 2020, and Mustafa Demir held the public works portfolio.另一位土木工程毕业生穆罕默德·贾希特·图尔汗于 2018 至 2020 年任交通与基础设施部长，穆斯塔法·德米尔则曾任公共工程部长。
• Faruk Nafız Özak, Koray Aydın and Osman Pepe, all KTU graduates, held public works, housing and environment and forestry portfolios in Turkish governments after 2000.法鲁克·纳菲兹·厄扎克、科拉伊·艾登与奥斯曼·佩佩均为该校毕业生，2000 年后在土耳其政府中先后主管公共工程、住房以及环境与林业。
• Kutbettin Arzu, a graduate in agriculture and economics, served as Minister of Food, Agriculture and Livestock in 2015 and later entered parliament for Çankırı.农业与经济学毕业生库特贝丁·阿尔祖于 2015 年任食品、农业与畜牧部长，后当选昌克勒选区议员。
• Nazan Bekiroğlu, a novelist and literature academic, is among the faculty's best-known writers and has published novels on late Ottoman and early republican life.小说家兼文学学者纳赞·贝基罗卢是该校最知名的教师作家之一，其小说多写奥斯曼晚期与共和国初期的生活。
• Selçuk Aydın, a professional boxer, won the European welterweight title, and Fatih Keleş took European amateur gold, both training in Trabzon before turning professional.职业拳手塞尔丘克·艾登曾获欧洲次中量级冠军，法提赫·凯莱什则获欧洲业余锦标赛金牌，两人均在特拉布宗受训后转入职业。
• Yakup Şener and Meltem Akar, both boxers, and Nilüfer Çınar Çorlulu, a Woman International Master in chess, represent the university's strength in individual sports.拳手雅库普·谢内尔与梅尔泰姆·阿卡尔，以及国际象棋女子国际大师尼吕费尔·奇纳尔·乔尔卢卢，代表该校在个人项目上的实力。
• Zeliha Şimşek and Necla Akdoğan, former women's footballers who became coaches and referees, are among the alumni who carried the university's sports culture into national leagues.泽利哈·希姆谢克与内吉拉·阿克多安由女子足球运动员转型为教练与裁判，是把该校体育传统带入全国联赛的校友代表。