Johns Hopkins University

The Johns Hopkins University, based in Baltimore, Maryland, is a private research university established in 1876 from the bequest of Johns Hopkins约翰斯·霍普金斯大学（The Johns Hopkins University），坐落于美国马里兰州巴尔的摩市，是一所私立研究型大学，1876 年以约翰斯·霍普金斯的遗嘱设立。

The university is best known for its medical and public health schools, comprises ten academic divisions and operates an independently administered applied physics laboratory. According to OpenAlex, its scholars have published more than 520000 works drawing over 82 million citations学校以医学院与公共卫生学院最为知名，共设十个学术分部并拥有独立管理的应用物理实验室；据 OpenAlex 统计，累计发表学术成果逾 52 万篇、总被引超 8200 万次。

History

• The university opened on 22 February 1876 from the bequest of Johns Hopkins, with a medical school among its first divisions1876 年 2 月 22 日，以约翰斯·霍普金斯遗嘱所设的大学正式开学，医学院是首批设立的分部。

• The medical school took a research-first approach from the outset, emphasising laboratory training and residency, and made the institution America's first research university医学院自创办起即以研究优先为取向，重视实验室训练与住院医师制度，是美国最早以研究为中心的大学。

• The divisions were not all founded at once: the Peabody Institute dates to 1857, while the faculty of arts and sciences was created around 1876各分部的设立时间并不一致，佩比音乐学院可追溯至 1857 年，文理学院则创立于 1876 年前后。

• In 1893 the medical school was taken into an institution formally bearing the university name, after which further divisions joined and the name extended to them all1893 年医学院并入正式以大学命名的学府，此后其他学部陆续并入，学校名称由此扩展至全体分部。

• The nursing school was founded in 1889, the engineering school in 1913 and the school of public health in 1916护理学院创办于 1889 年，工程学院与公共卫生学院分别创办于 1913 年与 1916 年。

• On 22 February 1902 the university took possession of the Homewood estate, and the campus dates from that moment1902 年 2 月 22 日，学校获得霍姆伍德庄园的使用权，校园自此建立。

• The site had been a farm, and about 30 acres of it passed to the city as a park because development would have cost too much校址原为一片农场，其中约 30 英亩因开发成本过高而转由市政府辟为公园。

• Gilman Hall, the Whiting School of Engineering and the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences were built in the early twentieth century, forming the main campus as it stands today二十世纪初校园陆续建成吉尔曼楼、怀特廷工程学院与克里格文理学院等建筑，形成今日的主校园格局。

Academics

• The university has ten academic divisions spread across four Baltimore campuses, with graduate campuses in Italy and in China学校共设十个学术分部，分布在巴尔的摩的四个校区，并在意大利与中国设有研究生校区。

• Undergraduate study is organised into two divisions, the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering, both on the Homewood campus本科阶段设有两个分部，霍姆伍德校区的克里格文理学院与怀特廷工程学院。

• The schools of medicine and nursing and the Bloomberg School of Public Health sit in the East Baltimore medical campus next to Johns Hopkins Hospital医学院、护理学院与彭博公共卫生学院位于东巴尔的摩医学园区，紧邻约翰斯·霍普金斯医院。

• The Peabody Institute, the School of Advanced International Studies and the Carey Business School form the humanities and social science side of the university佩比音乐学院、高级国际研究学院与凯里商学院构成学校在人文与社会科学方向的板块。

• The applied physics laboratory, established in 1942, is one of the US Department of Defence's principal contractors and operates on its own board separate from the university应用物理实验室于 1942 年设立，是美国国防部的主要承包机构之一，其理事会与母公司分设、独立运作。

• In the autumn of 2024 the university enrolled 30210 students, of whom 6356 were undergraduates and 23854 graduate students2024 年秋季全校在校学生 30210 人，其中本科生 6356 人、研究生 23854 人。

• The medical school combines research with residency training, so graduate study unfolds at once in the wards and the laboratories医学院实行研究与住院医师并重的培养模式，研究生教育在医院病房与实验室中同步展开。

• With an endowment of about 19.1 billion dollars, the university can sustain long-term investment in medicine and public health捐赠基金约 191 亿美元，为医学与公共卫生领域的持续投入提供了长期支持。

Campus

• The Homewood campus lies north of Baltimore, having been transferred to the university by the trustees of the Hopkins estate in 1902主校区霍姆伍德位于巴尔的摩北部，由霍普金斯遗产受托方于 1902 年移交学校。

• At the centre of campus stands an 1801 mansion now open to the public as a museum, whose Federal brick facade shaped the style of the university's early buildings校园中心保留着一座建于 1801 年的宅第，现作为博物馆对公众开放，其联邦式的砖砌立面影响了校园早期建筑的风格。

• Brick Federal architecture predominates, with Gilman Hall, the Whiting School of Engineering and the Krieger School of Arts and Sciences forming the main teaching quarter校园建筑以砖砌联邦式为主，吉尔曼楼、怀特廷工程学院与克里格文理学院构成主要的教学区。

• The East Baltimore medical campus adjoins Johns Hopkins Hospital and is the centre of the university's clinical teaching东巴尔的摩医学园区与约翰斯·霍普金斯医院毗邻，是学校临床教学的核心区域。

• Plazas and walkways link the buildings, and students move between departments on foot校园内广场与步道连接各楼群，学生在院系之间以步行为主。

• The university maintains research and liaison offices in Washington, DC, in close contact with federal agencies学校在华盛顿特区设有研究与联络机构，与联邦部门保持密切往来。

Reputation

• It ranks twentieth in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, seventeenth in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and twenty-third in the 2026 ARWU ranking2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列全球第 20，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 17，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第 23。^[1]

• Its medical school, founded in 1876, pioneered the research-first model and made the institution America's first research university1876 年创办的医学院以研究优先的培养模式开美国先河，是美国最早以研究为中心的大学。

• Since 1979 the university has ranked first among American universities in federal research funding, a record it still holds自 1979 年起，学校连年在全美获得联邦研究经费的大学中居首，这一纪录延续至今。

• The university is distinguished in medicine, public health and engineering, and its scholarly publishing tradition is equally long-standing学校在医学、公共卫生与工程领域声誉卓著，其学术期刊出版传统同样悠久。

• Several Nobel laureates are alumni or faculty, concentrated in physiology or medicine and in physics校友与教职中有多位诺贝尔奖得主，集中在生理学或医学奖与物理学奖。

• The independently administered applied physics laboratory plays a major part in national technology research, with results reaching well beyond the university独立管理的应用物理实验室在国家技术研发中承担重要角色，其成果延伸到大学之外的应用领域。

Student life

• The university colours comprise a heritage blue and a spirit blue, fixed at #002D72 and #68ACE5校色包含传承蓝与灵动蓝两种蓝色，其色值分别为 #002D72 与 #68ACE5。

• The athletic teams are known as the Blue Jays, with a blue bird as their mascot体育代表队昵称为蓝鹂，吉祥物是一只蓝鸟的形象。

• The teams compete in the third tier of US college sport and in the Centennial Conference校队参加美国大学生体育协会三级赛事，并在百年联盟中竞争。

• The university joined the Big Ten as an academic member and has set up joint research and training programmes with several of them学校以学术成员身份加入了大十联盟，与多校建立了联合的研究与培养项目。

• The student newspaper, the Johns Hopkins News-Letter, has run for a long time, recording both campus affairs and academic developments校报为约翰斯·霍普金斯新闻通讯，创刊历史悠久，长期记录校内事务与学术动态。

• Student societies centre on academic interests and alumni networks, and life at Homewood revolves around departments and their organisations学生社团以学术兴趣与校友网络见长，霍姆伍德校区的学生生活围绕院系与社团活动展开。

Notable people

• Johns Hopkins was a Baltimore entrepreneur who never married, and his will directed the whole of his estate to found a university and support charitable work约翰·霍普金斯是巴尔的摩企业家，终身未婚，其遗嘱将全部财产指定用于设立一所大学并资助慈善事业。

• Daniel Coit Gilman became the first president in 1876, having previously been a professor at Yale首任校长丹尼尔·吉尔曼于 1876 年上任，此前曾任耶鲁大学教授。

• The surgeon William Stewart Halsted directed surgical teaching at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and his exacting standards shaped surgical education afterwards外科医生威廉·斯图尔特·霍尔斯特德曾在约翰斯·霍普金斯医院主持外科教学，其严格的训练规程影响了后世的外科教育。

• Harvey Cushing did his clinical and research work here and was among the first to establish neurosurgery as a speciality神经外科先驱哈维·库辛曾在此开展临床与研究工作，是最早建立神经外科专业的学者之一。

• The endocrinologist Rosalyn Yalow taught here for many years, and her development of radioimmunoassay won the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine内分泌学家罗莎琳·雅洛长期任教于此，其建立放射免疫分析技术的工作获 1977 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• The medical geneticist Victor McKusick built the field of medical genetics here, laying the foundations for diagnosing genetic disease in humans医学遗传学家维克多·麦库西克在此建立医学遗传学科，其工作奠定了人类基因疾病诊断的基础。