Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz

Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, in German Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, is a public research university in Mainz, the capital of the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate, and one of the larger comprehensive universities in Germany, with 29,490 students officially enrolled in the winter semester of 2024/25.美因茨大学（德语 Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz）是德国莱茵兰-普法尔茨州首府美因茨的一所公立研究型大学，也是德国规模较大的综合性大学之一，2024/25 冬季学期正式注册学生为 29490 人

Named after Johannes Gutenberg, the Mainz-born pioneer of movable-type printing, it was re-founded in 1946 and today concentrates almost all academic disciplines on a single campus organised into ten faculties, with 540 professors among roughly 4,150 academic staff.该校以出生于美因茨的活字印刷先驱约翰内斯·谷登堡命名，1946 年重新建校，如今把几乎所有学科集中于一个校园，划分为十个学院，约 4150 名学术人员中含 540 名教授

It belongs to the German U15 group of leading research universities and, with Goethe University Frankfurt and Darmstadt University of Technology, forms the Rhine-Main Universities alliance, which is to enter Germany's national Excellence Strategy from 2027.该校属于德国 U15 顶尖研究型大学集团，并与法兰克福歌德大学、达姆施塔特工业大学共同组成莱茵-美因大学联盟，该联盟将从 2027 年起进入德国国家卓越战略

History

• The first University of Mainz was founded in 1477 by the Archbishop of Mainz and Prince-Elector Adolf II von Nassau, who had begun the papal approval process during his time in office.第一所美因茨大学于 1477 年由美因茨大主教兼选帝侯 Adolf II von Nassau 创办，他在任内启动了建校所需的教皇批准程序

• The university was opened by Adolf's successor to the bishopric, Diether von Isenburg, and grew into one of the largest Catholic universities in Europe, with ten chairs in theology alone.该校由 Adolf 的继任主教 Diether von Isenburg 正式开办，并发展为欧洲规模最大的天主教大学之一，仅神学一科便设有十个讲席

• In 1784 the university was opened to Protestants and Jews under curator Anselm Franz von Bentzel-Sternau, widening access beyond its original Catholic foundation.1784 年，在学监 Anselm Franz von Bentzel-Sternau 主持下，大学向新教徒与犹太人开放，把招生范围扩大到最初的公教根基之外

• After the establishment of the Mainz Republic in 1792 and its subsequent recapture by Prussian forces, academic activity at the old university came to a gradual standstill.1792 年美因茨共和国建立、随后又被普鲁士军队重新占领之后，这所旧大学的学术活动逐渐陷于停顿

• The university became active again in 1798 under French governance, and lectures in its medical department continued until 1823, when that line finally ended.1798 年，该校在法国统治下重新活跃，医学部的授课一直延续到 1823 年才最终终止

• Through the nineteenth century only the faculty of theology kept teaching, at first as a seminary and from 1877 as a College of Philosophy and Theology that bridged the old and the new university.整个 19 世纪只有神学院继续授课，最初以神学院形式存在，自 1877 年起成为「哲学与神学院」，在旧大学与新大学之间起到桥梁作用

• The present Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz was founded in 1946 by the French occupying power, whose decree of 1 March stated that the University of Mainz should be enabled to resume its function.现今的美因茨大学由法国占领当局于 1946 年创办，其 3 月 1 日的法令宣告，应使美因茨大学得以恢复其职能

• The remains of anti-aircraft warfare barracks erected in 1938 after the remilitarisation of the Rhineland served as the university's first buildings and are still in use today.1938 年莱茵兰重新军事化后修筑的防空营房残存建筑，成为这所大学最早的教学楼，至今仍在使用

• Whether academic activity truly continued from the old university to the new one is contested, since the interruption spanned more than a century, with only a seminary and a midwifery college surviving.旧大学到新大学之间学术活动是否真正延续仍有争议，因为其间中断长达一个多世纪，仅有一所神学院与一所助产学校存续

• In 1949 the Department of Applied Linguistics and Cultural Sciences was integrated into the university and settled in Germersheim, where it remains the university's off-campus translation faculty.1949 年，应用语言学与文化学系并入该校并落户于盖默斯海姆，至今仍是这所大学设于主校区之外的翻译学院

• The effect of the 1968 student protests reached the university's structure in 1972, when the departments were dismantled and the university was reorganised into broad fields of study known as Fachbereiche.1968 年学生抗议的影响在 1972 年波及该校结构，各系被拆解，大学改组为若干宽口径的学科领域，即所谓「Fachbereiche」

• In 1974 Peter Schneider was elected the first president of what had by then become a constituted group-university, marking the end of the old faculty-based order.1974 年 Peter Schneider 当选为当时已改组的团体制大学的首任校长，标志着旧有学院体制的终结

• In 1990 Jürgen Zöllner became university president but spent only a year in the post before being appointed Minister for Science and Advanced Education of Rhineland-Palatinate.1990 年 Jürgen Zöllner 出任校长，但仅任职一年便被任命为莱茵兰-普法尔茨州科学与高等教育部长

• A structural reform effective from 1 January 2005 redefined the university's organisation, and a further reorganisation on 7 April 2024 reduced the faculties to the present ten.自 2005 年 1 月 1 日起生效的结构改革重新界定了该校的组织架构，而 2024 年 4 月 7 日的又一次改组把学院调整为目前的十个

• From 2027 Mainz, as part of the Rhine-Main Universities, is to be inducted into the German Excellence Strategy, the federal and state competition that funds top-level university research.从 2027 年起，美因茨大学作为莱茵-美因大学联盟的一部分，将被纳入德国卓越战略——联邦与各州资助顶尖大学科研的竞争计划

• A miniature Mössbauer spectrometer carried by the Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity was developed at the university, an early landmark in its space-science work.由火星探测车「勇气号」与「机遇号」搭载的一台微型穆斯堡尔光谱仪即在该校研制，是其空间科学工作的早期标志性成果

• A 2018 report of the German Research Foundation judged Mainz one of the best German universities in the natural sciences, based on grants awarded between 2014 and 2016.德国研究联合会 2018 年的一份报告依据 2014 至 2016 年间获批的资助，评定美因茨大学为德国自然科学最强的大学之一

• For the review period 2014 to 2016 the university received the highest number of competitive grants in the natural sciences among German universities and took first place in physics.在 2014 至 2016 年的评估期内，该校在自然科学领域获得的竞争性资助数量居德国各大学之首，并在物理学中排名第一

• By 2010 the university enrolled approximately 36,000 students across more than 150 institutions and clinics, a scale that the reshaping of recent decades has since reduced.到 2010 年，该校在 150 多个院所与附属机构中约有 36000 名学生，近数十年的结构调整使这一规模有所回落

• The university's origins are tied to Mainz's place in the history of printing, since Gutenberg perfected his movable-type press in the city in the mid-fifteenth century.该校的缘起与美因茨在印刷史上的地位相关，因为谷登堡正是于 15 世纪中叶在这座城市完善了活字印刷机

Academics

• The university is divided into ten faculties covering Catholic and Protestant Theology, Social Sciences, Media and Sports, Law, Management and Economics, University Medicine, Philosophy and Philology, and Translation Studies, Linguistics and Cultural Studies.该校设十个学院，涵盖公教与新教神学、社会科学·媒体与体育、法学·管理与经济学、大学医学、哲学与语文学，以及翻译学·语言学与文化学

• The remaining faculties are History and Cultural Studies, Physics, Mathematics and Computer Science, and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, together with Biology, while the Mainz School of Music and the Mainz Academy of Arts operate as independent art colleges.其余学院为历史与文化学、物理·数学与计算机科学、化学·药学与地球科学，以及生物学；而美因茨音乐学院与美因茨艺术学院则作为独立的艺术院校运作

• As of 2018 the university offered around 100 academic programmes, and its range is comprehensive though it lacks technical studies, veterinary medicine and nutritional science.截至 2018 年，该校开设约 100 个学业项目，学科覆盖全面，但欠缺工程类学科、兽医学与营养学

• Some 4,150 academics, including 540 professors, teach and research at more than 150 institutes and clinics, making Mainz a large employer in the region.约 4150 名学术人员（含 540 名教授）在 150 多个院所与附属机构中从事教学与研究，使美因茨大学成为该地区的大型雇主

• The integration of the University Medical Center and two colleges of art within one university is described as unique in the German higher education system.把大学医学中心与两所艺术院校并入同一所大学，被称为德国高等教育体系中的独有安排

• The Mainz University Library today holds around 3.3 million print media, 1.25 million e-books and 44,000 e-journals, and offers roughly 3,400 study places.美因茨大学图书馆现藏约 330 万件印刷媒体、125 万种电子书与 44000 种电子期刊，并提供约 3400 个学习座位

• The library's total budget runs to about 16.9 million euros, of which some 5.2 million euros are spent on acquiring media for teaching and research.该图书馆的预算总额约为 1690 万欧元，其中约 520 万欧元用于采购教学与研究所需的文献资源

• The university medical centre lies off the main campus, as does the translation faculty in Germersheim, which was integrated into the university in 1949.大学医学中心位于主校区之外，1949 年并入该校、设在盖默斯海姆的翻译学院同样如此

• Immediately next to the campus stand the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research and the Institute of Molecular Biology, giving the site a dense research cluster.紧邻校园的是马克斯·普朗克化学研究所、马克斯·普朗克高分子研究所与分子生物学研究所，使这一地块形成密集的研究集群

• The campus also hosts the electron accelerator MAMI, the research reactor TRIGA, a botanical garden, a sports stadium and an indoor swimming pool used by researchers and students alike.校园内还设有电子加速器 MAMI、研究反应堆 TRIGA、植物园、体育场与室内游泳池，供科研人员与学生共同使用

• Mainz does not charge general tuition for a regular course of study, although senior citizen students, auditing students and certain postgraduate students may be subject to higher fees.美因茨大学对常规学业不收取普遍学费，但老年学员、旁听生及某些研究生可能需缴纳较高费用

• Because the university is a comprehensive institution, students can study theology, the history of books, athletics, music, visual arts, theatre and film as well as the standard disciplines.由于该校属综合性大学，学生除常规学科外还可研习神学、书籍史、体育、音乐、视觉艺术、戏剧与电影

• Mainz participates in the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar and in the Rhine-Main-Universities network that links it with Frankfurt and Darmstadt for joint courses and research.美因茨大学参与莱茵-美因-内卡信息技术集群，并加入莱茵-美因大学网络，与法兰克福及达姆施塔特两校开展联合课程与研究

• The university runs international programmes such as the award-winning EuropaChorAkademie choir, founded in 1997 by Joshard Daus in cooperation with the University of the Arts Bremen.该校开设包括获奖的欧罗巴合唱学院在内的国际项目，后者于 1997 年由 Joshard Daus 与不来梅艺术大学合作创办

• The German Research Foundation ranked Mainz first among German universities in physics grants for 2014 to 2016, which underpins the reputation of its physics and chemistry departments.德国研究联合会就 2014 至 2016 年的物理学科资助把美因茨大学列为德国各大学之首，这为其物理与化学系科的声誉提供支撑

• Study programmes are offered in German, and a growing number of master's degrees are taught in English to attract international students to the Mainz campus.学业主要以德语授课，同时越来越多的硕士项目以英语授课，以吸引国际学生前来美因茨校区

Campus

• The University of Mainz is one of the few genuine campus universities in Germany, with nearly all its institutions and facilities gathered on the site of a former barracks in the south-west part of the city.美因茨大学是德国少数真正意义上的校园式大学之一，其几乎所有机构与设施都集中在城市西南部一处旧营房用地上

• The first buildings were the remains of anti-aircraft barracks built in 1938, and they still shape the appearance of the Gutenberg campus today.最早的建筑是 1938 年修建的防空营房残存部分，至今仍塑造着谷登堡校园的面貌

• The university medical centre lies outside the campus, while the translation faculty is housed in the Rhineland-Palatinate town of Germersheim, about an hour's travel from Mainz.大学医学中心位于校园之外，翻译学院则设于莱茵兰-普法尔茨州的盖默斯海姆镇，距美因茨约一小时车程

• The Mainz Academy of Arts, the city's Kunsthochschule, is likewise located off the main campus, while the School of Music sits within the university's art colleges.美因茨艺术学院同样位于主校区之外；音乐学院则属于该校的艺术院校序列

• On and beside the campus stand the botanical garden, a sports stadium and an indoor swimming pool, together with the neighbouring Max Planck institutes that share the science cluster.校园内外分布着植物园、体育场与室内游泳池，以及与校园共享科研集群的邻近马克斯·普朗克各研究所

• Mainz is the capital of Rhineland-Palatinate and lies on the left bank of the Rhine opposite the mouth of the Main, an easy rail ride from Frankfurt and its international airport.美因茨是莱茵兰-普法尔茨州首府，位于莱茵河左岸、美因河河口对岸，乘火车可便捷抵达法兰克福及其国际机场

• The Gutenberg campus lies in the south-west of the city, close to the university medical centre and within reach of the historic centre where Gutenberg worked.谷登堡校园位于城市西南部，邻近大学医学中心，并可到达谷登堡曾工作过的历史城区

• Because almost everything sits on one site, students move between lecture halls, laboratories, the library and the canteen on foot rather than by city transport.由于几乎一切设施都在同一地块，学生在讲堂、实验室、图书馆与食堂之间步行即可到达，无须搭乘市内交通

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings for 2027 Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz is placed 500th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，美因茨大学位列世界第 500 名

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university at =296, a markedly stronger showing than its QS standing.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名把该校置于第 296 名，明显强于其 QS 名次

• In the US News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 the institution is ranked 223rd in the world.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列世界第 223 名

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it appears in the 201-300 band, its strongest placement among the four major tables.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，该校位于 201 至 300 区间，是四大榜单中其最好的名次

• OpenAlex attributes about 127,269 scholarly works and 15,036,020 citations to the university, evidence of a very large and long-established research output.OpenAlex 把约 127269 项学术成果与 15036020 次引用归于该校，显示其科研产出规模庞大且历史悠久

• In the German Research Foundation's 2018 review the university ranked among the best in the natural sciences and first in physics for the 2014-2016 period.在德国研究联合会 2018 年的评估中，该校在自然科学方面位居前列，并在 2014 至 2016 年的物理学中排名第一

• Among its faculty, Paul J. Crutzen shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Werner Forssmann received the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.在其教职中，Paul J. Crutzen 分享了 1995 年诺贝尔化学奖，Werner Forssmann 获得 1956 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

• Membership of the German U15 group and of the Rhine-Main Universities alliance places Mainz among the country's leading research universities.作为德国 U15 集团与莱茵-美因大学联盟的成员，美因茨大学跻身该国顶尖研究型大学之列

• In the 2024 edition of the QS ranking the university stood 464th worldwide and 27th nationally, before dropping to the 500th band for 2027.在 2024 年版 QS 排名中，该校位列世界第 464 名、全国第 27 名，2027 年则降至第 500 名

• The Mars-rover Mössbauer spectrometer built at Mainz remains one of the clearest public demonstrations of the university's space and materials research.在美因茨研制的火星车穆斯堡尔光谱仪，至今仍是该校空间与材料研究最鲜明的公开例证之一

Student life

• The university's traditional motto, formulated on the occasion of its reopening in 1946, is the Latin phrase ut omnes unum sint, meaning that all may be one.该校的传统校训确立于 1946 年重新建校之际，为拉丁文「ut omnes unum sint」，意为「愿众人合而为一」

• A contemporary motto, The Gutenberg Spirit: Moving Minds and Crossing Boundaries, expresses the university's self-image as an open and boundary-crossing community.当代校训 The Gutenberg Spirit: Moving Minds – Crossing Boundaries 表达了该校作为开放、跨界共同体的自我定位

• More than 35,000 staff and students from over 120 nations study, teach and work together on the single Gutenberg campus.来自 120 多个国家的 35000 多名教职员与学生，在同一个谷登堡校园中一同学习、教学与工作

• The presence of the Mainz School of Music and the Mainz Academy of Arts gives the campus an unusually strong artistic and cultural life for a German research university.美因茨音乐学院与美因茨艺术学院的存在，使这所德国研究型大学拥有异常浓厚的艺术与文化氛围

• The EuropaChorAkademie, founded in 1997, and the university orchestra give students regular opportunities to perform before audiences in Mainz and abroad.创办于 1997 年的欧罗巴合唱学院与大学管弦乐团为学生提供定期的演出机会，让他们在美因茨及海外登台

• Students organise themselves in a broad range of bodies, and the Gutenberg-Netzwerk alumni network connects graduates, partners and friends with the current university community.学生组成多种多样的团体组织，而谷登堡校友网络则把毕业生、合作伙伴与友人同当前的大学群体联系起来

• The city of Mainz, with its cathedral, Gutenberg Museum and Rhine promenade, offers students cultural and recreational options well beyond the campus.美因茨市拥有大教堂、谷登堡博物馆与莱茵河畔步道，为学生提供校园之外丰富的文化与休闲选择

• As a campus university in the capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz combines a compact academic setting with a central location in the Rhine-Main metropolitan region.作为地处莱茵兰-普法尔茨州首府的校园式大学，美因茨大学把紧凑的学术环境与莱茵-美因都会区的中心区位结合在一起

Notable people

• Johannes Gutenberg, the namesake of the university and the pioneer of movable-type printing in Europe, worked in the city in the mid-fifteenth century.该校的命名者、欧洲活字印刷先驱约翰内斯·谷登堡，于 15 世纪中叶在这座城市工作

• The old university was initiated by Archbishop Adolf II von Nassau and opened by Diether von Isenburg, the two founding figures of the 1477 institution.旧大学由大主教 Adolf II von Nassau 发起、由 Diether von Isenburg 开办，二人是 1477 年那所学府的创办人物

• Peter Schneider was elected the first president of the reorganised university in 1974, and Jürgen Zöllner served as president in 1990 before entering state government.Peter Schneider 于 1974 年当选改组后大学的首任校长，Jürgen Zöllner 则于 1990 年任校长，随后进入州政府

• Klemens von Metternich, the Austrian statesman and later foreign minister, studied law at the University of Mainz between 1790 and 1792.奥地利政治家、后任外交大臣的 Klemens von Metternich 于 1790 至 1792 年间在美因茨大学研习法律

• Georg Forster, the naturalist and world traveller, served as university librarian from 1788 to 1793 and is among the most famous figures of the old university.博物学家与环球旅行家 Georg Forster 于 1788 至 1793 年担任大学图书馆员，是旧大学最著名的人物之一

• Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, the anatomist and physiologist, held a professorship at Mainz from 1784 to 1797.解剖学家与生理学家 Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring 于 1784 至 1797 年在美因茨任教授

• Paul J. Crutzen, who won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on atmospheric ozone, was a professor at Mainz.因大气臭氧研究获得 1995 年诺贝尔化学奖的 Paul J. Crutzen，曾是美因茨大学的教授

• Werner Forssmann, who shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for cardiac catheterisation, worked at the Mainz medical clinic.因心导管术分享 1956 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的 Werner Forssmann，曾在美因茨的医学院工作

• Fritz Strassmann, the nuclear chemist who discovered nuclear fission with Otto Hahn, taught at the post-1946 University of Mainz.与 Otto Hahn 共同发现核裂变的核化学家 Fritz Strassmann，曾在 1946 年后重建的美因茨大学任教

• Uğur Şahin and Özlem Türeci, the physician-scientists behind the BioNTech messenger-RNA vaccine, both held positions at the Mainz University Medical Center.研发 BioNTech 信使核糖核酸疫苗的医学科学家 Uğur Şahin 与 Özlem Türeci，均曾在美因茨大学医学中心任职

• Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, the communication scholar who developed the theory of the spiral of silence, was a professor at Mainz.提出「沉默的螺旋」理论的传播学者 Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann，是美因茨大学的教授

• Malu Dreyer, a Mainz law graduate, served as Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate and was the state's first woman head of government.美因茨大学法学毕业生 Malu Dreyer 曾担任莱茵兰-普法尔茨州州长，是该州首位女性政府首脑

• Isabel Schnabel, an economist trained at Mainz, later became a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank.在美因茨接受经济学训练的 Isabel Schnabel，后来成为欧洲中央银行执行董事会成员

• Ruth Pfau, a physician and nun who spent more than fifty years fighting leprosy in Pakistan, was a graduate of the university.在巴基斯坦投身麻风病防治逾五十年的医生兼修女 Ruth Pfau，是该校的毕业生

• Jonas Mekas, a founder of American avant-garde cinema, and his brother Adolfas Mekas both studied at the University of Mainz.美国先锋电影创始人之一 Jonas Mekas 与其兄 Adolfas Mekas 都曾就读于美因茨大学

• Peter Scholl-Latour, the veteran foreign correspondent and political journalist, was among the graduates of the post-1946 university.资深驻外记者与政治记者 Peter Scholl-Latour，是 1946 年后重建的该校毕业生之一

• Dieter Stolte, who for years served as director-general of the German public broadcaster ZDF, is counted among the university's notable alumni.曾长期担任德国公共广播机构 ZDF 台长的 Dieter Stolte，被列入该校的知名校友