Istanbul University

Istanbul University (Turkish: İstanbul Üniversitesi) is a public research university in Istanbul, Türkiye, whose history reaches back to the higher school founded on 30 May 1453 by Sultan Mehmed II shortly after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the world.伊斯坦布尔大学（土耳其语：İstanbul Üniversitesi）是位于土耳其伊斯坦布尔的一所公立研究型大学，其历史可追溯到 1453 年 5 月 30 日奥斯曼苏丹穆罕默德二世在攻占君士坦丁堡后不久创办的高等学府，是世界上历史最悠久的高等学府之一。

It was reorganised as Istanbul University in 1933 under the educational reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, becoming the first university of the modern Turkish Republic, and it has carried its present name since that year.该校在穆斯塔法·凯末尔·阿塔图尔克的教育改革下于 1933 年改组为伊斯坦布尔大学，成为现代土耳其共和国的第一所大学，此名沿用至今。

Its main campus stands beside Beyazıt Square in the Fatih district on the European side of the city, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 629th in the world.其主校区位于城市欧洲一侧法蒂赫区的巴耶济德广场旁；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列世界第 629 位。

History

• The origins of the institution reach back to the University of Constantinople, established in 425 CE by the Eastern Roman emperor Theodosius II as the Pandidacterium, one of the earliest recorded institutions of higher learning.该校的源头可追溯到 425 年由东罗马皇帝狄奥多西二世设立的君士坦丁堡大学（Pandidacterium），这是有记载的最早高等学府之一。
• Istanbul University traces its own foundation to 1453, when Sultan Mehmed II created a school of philosophy, medicine, law, mathematics and letters a day after the conquest of the city.伊斯坦布尔大学把自身建校定于 1453 年，当时苏丹穆罕默德二世在攻占该城次日创办了一所教授哲学、医学、法学、数学与文学的高等学府。
• Immediately after the conquest Mehmed II assigned Molla Mehmet Zeyrek Efendi to convert the Pantokrator Monastery into a madrasah and appointed him its first rector.攻占该城后，穆罕默德二世立即指派莫拉·迈赫迈德·泽伊雷克·埃芬迪把潘托克拉托尔修道院改作宗教书院，并任命他为首任校长。
• The famous astronomer Ali Qushji took part in the establishment of higher education in the city and taught mathematics at the madrasah, which is regarded as the precursor of the later Darülfünûn.著名天文学家阿里·库什吉参与了该城高等教育的创建并在书院教授数学，这所书院被视为后来 Darülfünûn 的前身。
• The first modern applied physics courses were offered at the Darülfünûn on 31 December 1863, and the institution named Darülfünûn-u Osmanî was created that year with Hasan Tahsini as its first rector.1863 年 12 月 31 日，该校首次开设现代应用物理课程；名为 Darülfünûn-u Osmanî 的机构于是在成立，哈桑·塔赫西尼出任首任校长。
• On 20 February 1870 the school was renamed Darülfünûn-u Osmanî and reorganised to meet the needs of modern sciences and technologies, but it was suppressed in 1871.1870 年 2 月 20 日，该校更名为 Darülfünûn-u Osmanî 并按现代科学与技术的需要改组，但于 1871 年被撤销。
• In 1874 the Darülfünûn-u Sultanî began offering law classes taught in French, and from that year some classes in literature and applied sciences were held at the Lycée de Galatasaray until 1881.1874 年，Darülfünûn-u Sultanî 开始以法语讲授法律课程；同年起，部分文学与应用科学课程在加拉塔萨雷中学开设，直至 1881 年。
• On 1 September 1900 the school was renamed and reorganised as Darülfünûn-u Şahâne, offering courses in mathematics, literature and theology.1900 年 9 月 1 日，该校更名并改组为 Darülfünûn-u Şahâne，开设数学、文学与神学课程。
• On 20 April 1912 the institution was renamed İstanbul Darülfünûnu, with an expanded course offering and a modernised curriculum and the founding of the schools of medicine, law, applied sciences, literature and theology.1912 年 4 月 20 日，该校更名为 İstanbul Darülfünûnu，课程扩充、课程体系现代化，并设立了医学、法学、应用科学、文学与神学等学院。
• On 21 April 1924 the Republic of Turkey recognised İstanbul Darülfünûnu as a state institution, and on 7 October 1925 its administrative autonomy was established.1924 年 4 月 21 日，土耳其共和国承认 İstanbul Darülfünûnu 为国家机构；1925 年 10 月 7 日，其行政自治地位得以确立。
• With that autonomy the schools that had belonged to the old madrasah system became modern faculties, and the university was composed of five faculties of medicine, law, letters, theology and science.随着这一自治，原属旧书院体系的学校转变为现代学院，该校由医学、法学、文学、神学与理学五个学院组成。
• In 1925 the collection of the Yıldız Palace Library was transferred to the university's Rare Books Library, enriching its holdings of Ottoman manuscripts.1925 年，耶尔德兹宫图书馆的藏书被移交给该校的珍本图书馆，充实了其奥斯曼手稿馆藏。
• On 1 August 1933 İstanbul Darülfünûnu was reorganised as İstanbul Üniversitesi following the educational reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and classes officially began on 1 November 1933.1933 年 8 月 1 日，在阿塔图尔克的教育改革下，İstanbul Darülfünûnu 改组为伊斯坦布尔大学，课程于 1933 年 11 月 1 日正式开始。
• Before the Second World War many German scientists, especially Jewish scholars fleeing Nazi pressure, found refuge at the university and helped to develop its academic programmes and research.第二次世界大战前，许多德国科学家、尤其是因纳粹迫害而流亡的犹太学者在该校得到庇护，并协助发展了其学术课程与研究。
• The main building was damaged in an earthquake in 1894 and restored by the Italian architect Raimondo D'Aronco, and it was restored again in 1950 by Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi.主楼在 1894 年的地震中受损，由意大利建筑师雷蒙多·达龙科修复；1950 年又由埃克雷姆·哈基·阿伊韦尔迪再次修复。
• The Rectorate Building has been renovated several times, most recently in 1998 with façade and marble cleaning, and the main gate was depicted on Turkish 500 lira banknotes from 1971 to 1984.校长办公楼历经多次翻修，最近一次是 1998 年清洗外墙与大理石；其正门曾于 1971 至 1984 年出现在土耳其 500 里拉纸币上。
• The building housing the Rare Books Library was designed by the architect Kemaleddin Bey in 1913 and holds a collection of about 93,000 printed and manuscript volumes.存放珍本图书馆的这座建筑由建筑师凯马莱丁·贝伊于 1913 年设计，藏有约 93000 册印刷本与手稿。
• Istanbul University's Graduate School of Business was founded in 1954 with the collaboration of Harvard Business School and the Ford Foundation, an early instance of American academic influence.该校商学院研究生院于 1954 年在哈佛商学院与福特基金会的协作下成立，是美国学术影响较早的例证。
• Today the university operates under the leadership of Rector Prof. Dr. Osman Bülent Zülfikar, and in the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed 629th in the world.如今该校在校长奥斯曼·比伦特·聚尔菲卡尔教授的领导下运作；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 629 位。
• The Rare Books Library also holds the collections of prominent figures in Turkish politics and intellectual history, such as Grand Vizier İbrahim Hakkı Pasha and İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İnal.珍本图书馆还收藏有土耳其政治与思想史上知名人物的藏书，如大维齐尔易卜拉欣·哈基帕夏与伊卜努勒明·马赫穆特·凯末尔·伊纳尔。

Academics

• Istanbul University teaches 58,809 undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students in 112 academic units, including faculties, institutes, colleges and vocational schools across its campuses.该校在 112 个学术单位中培养 58809 名本科、研究生与博士生，这些单位包括分布于各校区的学院、研究所、专科学院与职业学校。
• It comprises seventeen faculties, among them the faculties of law, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, letters, science, economics, business, political sciences, engineering and communication.该校设有十七个学院，其中包括法学、医学、牙医学、药学、文学、理学、经济学、商学、政治学、工程与传播等学院。
• Its Faculty of Law runs a joint bachelor of laws programme with the University of Hamburg, allowing students to study in both Türkiye and Germany and cover several legal systems.其法学院与汉堡大学合办联合法学士项目，让学生得以在土耳其与德国两地学习并涉猎多个法系。
• Istanbul University School of Business is the only AACSB-accredited business school among the public universities of Türkiye, and it also has a chapter of the Beta Gamma Sigma honour society.该校商学院是土耳其公立大学中唯一获得 AACSB 认证的商学院，并且设有 Beta Gamma Sigma 荣誉学会的分会。
• The university holds 4,260 academic staff in older figures, teaching across its faculties and its graduate institutes in the centre of a metropolis of more than fifteen million people.按较早的数据，该校拥有 4260 名学术人员，在拥有逾 1500 万人口的都市中心，于各学院与研究生院中施教。
• Its Rare Books Library holds about 93,000 volumes in Turkish, Arabic, Persian, Greek and Latin, including printed books, manuscripts, journals, newspapers, maps and plans.其珍本图书馆藏有约 93000 册土耳其语、阿拉伯语、波斯语、希腊语与拉丁语的图书，包括印刷本、手稿、期刊、报纸、地图与图纸。
• The library also holds 911 albums known as the Abdülhamid II Collection, which contain 36,585 photographs of the late Ottoman world.该馆还藏有 911 册被称为「阿卜杜勒哈米德二世藏品」的相册，内含 36585 张反映奥斯曼晚期世界的照片。
• Istanbul University is a member of the Coimbra Group of European universities and an official member of the CMS Experiment at CERN, participating in high-energy physics research.该校是欧洲大学「科英布拉集团」成员，也是欧洲核子研究中心 CMS 实验的正式成员，参与高能物理研究。
• It maintains exchange and collaboration agreements with universities around the world, including Yale University and its Wright Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University and the University of Arizona in the United States.该校与世界各地高校保持交换与合作协定，其中包括美国的耶鲁大学及其赖特实验室、约翰斯·霍普金斯大学与亚利桑那大学。
• Other partners include Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in South Korea, Qatar University, Tilburg University in the Netherlands, and universities in Germany, Austria, Belgium, France and Spain.其他伙伴还包括韩国的韩国外国语大学、卡塔尔大学、荷兰的蒂尔堡大学，以及德国、奥地利、比利时、法国与西班牙的多所大学。
• Erasmus agreements connect it with institutions such as Goethe University Frankfurt, Heidelberg University, Sapienza University of Rome, the University of Barcelona and Uppsala University.通过「伊拉斯谟」协定，该校与法兰克福歌德大学、海德堡大学、罗马第一大学、巴塞罗那大学与乌普萨拉大学等院校建立联系。
• The university participates in research and innovation programmes funded by the European Commission and Horizon Europe, and collaborates with NATO on security and technology research.该校参与由欧盟委员会与「地平线欧洲」资助的研究与创新计划，并在安全与技术研究方面与北约合作。
• It maintains a State Conservatory for music, a Zoology Museum and the Atatürk Arboretum, alongside its faculties and graduate institutes.除各学院与研究生院之外，该校还设有国立音乐学院、动物学博物馆以及阿塔图尔克树木园。
• The Faculty of Medicine and the dental and pharmacy faculties are grouped in the medical complex in Istanbul, where clinical teaching and hospital practice take place.医学院以及牙医学与药学等学院集中在伊斯坦布尔的医学园区，临床教学与医院实践即在此进行。
• Study in the humanities and social sciences is concentrated in the faculties of letters, economics, political sciences and business, which serve the largest share of its students.人文与社会科学的学习集中在文学、经济学、政治学与商学等学院，这些学院承载了该校最大比例的学生。
• The university's academic offer ranges from bachelor's degrees to doctoral studies and specialist medical training in the faculties based around the historic Beyazıt campus.该校的学术设置涵盖从学士学位到博士研究，以及围绕历史悠久的巴耶济德校区的各学院中开展的专科医学培训。

Campus

• The main campus stands beside Beyazıt Square in the Fatih district on the European side of Istanbul, the site of the Forum Tauri built by Constantine the Great and later enlarged as the Forum of Theodosius.主校区位于伊斯坦布尔欧洲一侧法蒂赫区的巴耶济德广场旁，此处原是君士坦丁大帝所建的「金牛广场」，后经狄奥多西大帝扩建为「狄奥多西广场」。
• Roman and Byzantine ruins are still visible on the grounds, and the site was that of the Old Palace, the first palace built by the Ottoman Turks in Istanbul.校园内至今仍可见罗马与拜占庭时期的遗迹；此地曾是旧宫所在，即奥斯曼土耳其人在伊斯坦布尔修建的第一座宫殿。
• The current main building was designed by the French architect Bourgerois and completed in 1865 and 1866, and from 1879 it served as the Ministry of War of the Ottoman Empire.现任主楼由法国建筑师布尔热瓦设计，于 1865 至 1866 年建成，自 1879 年起曾作为奥斯曼帝国的陆军部。
• The Blue Hall and Pink Hall on the second floor are decorated in an orientalist style, and the room now used as the Rector's Office was originally the office of the Ottoman Minister of War.二层的「蓝厅」与「粉厅」以东方主义风格装饰；如今用作校长办公室的房间，原本是奥斯曼陆军大臣的办公室。
• The Kılıçlık Hall, used today for academic meetings, was originally the venue for sword-donning ceremonies for officers of the Ministry of War.如今用于学术会议的「基利奇勒克厅」，原本是陆军部军官举行授剑仪式的场所。
• The main building was damaged by an earthquake in 1894, restored by Raimondo D'Aronco, restored again by Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi in 1950 and renovated most recently in 1998.主楼在 1894 年的地震中受损，先由雷蒙多·达龙科修复，1950 年再由埃克雷姆·哈基·阿伊韦尔迪修复，最近一次翻修在 1998 年。
• The Rare Books Library occupies a building designed by Kemaleddin Bey in 1913, close to the historic main campus in the Fatih district.珍本图书馆设于凯马莱丁·贝伊 1913 年设计的一座建筑内，紧邻法蒂赫区的历史主校区。
• The university's seventeen faculties are spread across several campuses, the main one being that at Beyazıt Square, with the medical faculties grouped in a separate medical complex.该校十七个学院分布于多个校区，其中最主要的是巴耶济德广场校区，医学类学院则集中在单独的医学园区。
• The main gate of the Rectorate Building was famous enough to appear on the reverse of Turkish 500 lira banknotes between 1971 and 1984.校长办公楼的正门声名远播，曾于 1971 至 1984 年间出现在土耳其 500 里拉纸币的背面。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Istanbul University is placed 629th in the world, among the leading universities of Türkiye.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，伊斯坦布尔大学位列世界第 629 位，属于土耳其领先的大学之列。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it in the 1001 to 1200 band, after an appearance in the 1201 to 1500 group in 2026.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列于世界第 1001 至 1200 区间，其 2026 年则位于第 1201 至 1500 区间。 ^[1]
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026 to 2027 places the university 806th in the world.2026 至 2027 年版《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名将该校列为世界第 806 位。
• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, published by ShanghaiRanking, places it within the 601 to 700 band worldwide.由上海软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名将该校列于世界第 601 至 700 区间。
• OpenAlex attributes 88,812 works and 3,715,029 citations to the university, one of the largest research outputs of any Turkish institution and in line with its position as one of the largest universities of south-eastern Europe.OpenAlex 数据库为该校收录 88812 篇成果、被引用 3715029 次，是土耳其各机构中研究产出最大的之一，也与其作为东南欧规模最大大学之一的地位相称。
• Two Nobel laureates number among its alumni, Aziz Sancar for chemistry in 2015 and Orhan Pamuk for literature in 2006.其校友中有两位诺贝尔奖得主，即 2015 年化学奖得主阿齐兹·桑贾尔与 2006 年文学奖得主奥尔汗·帕穆克。
• Its School of Business is the only AACSB-accredited public business school in Türkiye, a distinction it highlights in its international profile.其商学院是土耳其唯一获得 AACSB 认证的公立商学院，这一优势在其国际形象中颇为突出。
• Membership of the Coimbra Group and of the CMS Experiment at CERN gives the university standing in European research networks.作为科英布拉集团成员并加入欧洲核子研究中心的 CMS 实验，使该校在欧洲研究网络中占有一席之地。
• As the first university of the modern Turkish Republic, it holds a symbolic position in Turkish higher education that newer institutions cannot match.作为现代土耳其共和国的第一所大学，它在土耳其高等教育中占有新院校无法比拟的象征地位。

Student life

• The university has no single formal motto in common use, its identity resting instead on its continuity from the Ottoman madrasah tradition to the modern republic.该校并无广为使用的单一正式校训，其身份更多来自从奥斯曼宗教书院到现代共和国一脉相承的传统。
• The anniversary of the 1933 reorganisation, marked on 1 November when classes officially began, is remembered as a founding date of the modern university.1933 年改组、并于 11 月 1 日正式开课的纪念日，被视为这所现代大学的建校日而加以纪念。
• Campus life centres on Beyazıt Square, next to the Grand Bazaar and the historic peninsula of Istanbul, giving students daily contact with one of the world's oldest cities.校园生活围绕巴耶济德广场展开，紧邻大巴扎与伊斯坦布尔的历史半岛，使学生得以与世界上最古老的城市之一朝夕相处。
• The university's State Conservatory gives the institution a strong musical tradition, and its Zoology Museum and Atatürk Arboretum serve students and the public.该校的国立音乐学院赋予其深厚的音乐传统，其动物学博物馆与阿塔图尔克树木园则服务学生与公众。
• Istanbul University Sports Club carries the university's name in Turkish sport, connecting student teams with the wider sporting life of the city.伊斯坦布尔大学体育俱乐部在土耳其体坛上承袭校名，把学生队伍与这座城市更广泛的体育生活联系起来。
• The Erasmus Programme brings foreign students to the university each year, and its own students spend terms at partner universities across Europe and beyond.「伊拉斯谟」项目每年把外国学生带到该校，而该校学生也会到欧洲内外的伙伴大学学习一段时间。
• Student associations, faculty clubs and alumni organisations are organised per faculty and per graduate institute, with a large and active alumni network in Türkiye.学生社团、学院俱乐部与校友组织按学院和研究生院分别设立，并在土耳其拥有庞大而活跃的校友网络。
• Because medical, dental and pharmacy students train in the city's clinical complex, student life mixes academic study with the daily practice of medicine in a metropolis.由于医学、牙医学与药学学生在城市临床园区接受培训，其学生生活把课业学习与大都市中日常的医疗实践结合在一起。
• The university's presence in the historic peninsula means students live and study among the monuments of Byzantine and Ottoman Istanbul, from Hagia Sophia to the Grand Bazaar.该校坐落于历史半岛，使学生得以在拜占庭与奥斯曼伊斯坦布尔的胜迹之间学习与生活，从圣索菲亚到大巴扎皆然。

Notable people

• Sultan Mehmed II founded the higher school that became Istanbul University in 1453, a day after conquering Constantinople.苏丹穆罕默德二世于 1453 年攻占君士坦丁堡的次日创办了后来演变为伊斯坦布尔大学的高等学府。
• Molla Mehmet Zeyrek Efendi was appointed the first rector of the madrasah founded after the conquest, converted from the Pantokrator Monastery.莫拉·迈赫迈德·泽伊雷克·埃芬迪被任命为攻占该城后由潘托克拉托尔修道院改建而成的书院的首任校长。
• Ali Qushji, a leading astronomer of the fifteenth century, taught mathematics at the madrasah and took part in founding higher education in the city.15 世纪著名天文学家阿里·库什吉曾在书院教授数学，并参与了该城高等教育的创建。
• Aziz Sancar, a graduate of the university, shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2015 for his work on DNA repair.该校毕业生阿齐兹·桑贾尔因 DNA 修复研究于 2015 年共同获得诺贝尔化学奖。
• Orhan Pamuk, an alumnus of the university, received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006, the first Turkish writer to do so.该校校友奥尔汗·帕穆克于 2006 年获得诺贝尔文学奖，是首位获此奖项的土耳其作家。
• Abdullah Gül, an alumnus, served as the eleventh President of Turkey from 2007 to 2014 and earlier as Prime Minister.校友阿卜杜拉·居尔于 2007 至 2014 年担任土耳其第十一任总统，此前曾任总理。
• David Ben-Gurion, who studied at the university, became the first Prime Minister and a founding father of the State of Israel.曾在该校就读的戴维·本-古里安成为以色列首任总理与建国元勋之一。
• Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, another alumnus, was the longest-serving President of Israel, holding office from 1952 to 1963.同为校友的伊扎克·本-兹维自 1952 至 1963 年任职，是以色列在任时间最长的总统。
• Halide Edib Adıvar, a Turkish novelist, scholar of English literature and political activist, was a notable member of the university's early faculty.土耳其小说家、英语文学学者与政治活动家哈莉德·埃迪布·阿德瓦尔，是该大学早期教师中的知名人物。
• Erich Auerbach, the German philologist who wrote Mimesis, taught at the university between 1936 and 1947 after fleeing Nazi Germany.著有《摹仿论》的德国语文学家埃里希·奥尔巴赫，在逃离纳粹德国后于 1936 至 1947 年在该校任教。