Institut Polytechnique de Paris

Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris) is a public institute of science and technology created in 2019 by French government decree, grouping five leading French engineering schools on the Saclay Plateau south of Paris.巴黎理工学院（Institut Polytechnique de Paris，简称 IP Paris）是法国政府于 2019 年通过政令创立的公立科学技术学院，将五所顶尖法国工程师学校汇聚于巴黎以南的萨克雷高原。

It is a public research institution that brings together École Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, ENSAE Paris, Télécom Paris and Télécom SudParis, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 43rd in the world.该校是一所公立研究机构，汇集了巴黎综合理工学院、巴黎国立高等先进技术学校、巴黎国立统计与经济管理学院、巴黎高等电信学校与南巴黎高等电信学校，并在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 43 位。

In 2019 IP Paris enrolled about 7,600 students including roughly 1,000 doctoral candidates and employed around 1,000 teacher-researchers across 30 laboratories, making it a major player in the Paris-Saclay innovation cluster.2019 年巴黎理工学院约有 7,600 名学生，其中近 1,000 名为博士生，并在 30 个实验室中聘用约 1,000 名教学研究人员，使其成为巴黎萨克雷创新集群的重要力量。

History

• The oldest constituent, École Polytechnique, was founded in 1794 by the French National Convention under mathematicians Gaspard Monge and Lazare Carnot to train engineer-officers for the young republic.历史最悠久的组成学校巴黎综合理工学院由法国国民公会于 1794 年在数学家蒙日与卡诺的主持下创立，旨在为年轻的共和国培养工程师军官。
• ENSTA Paris, the school of naval and mechanical engineering, traces its origins to 1741 when Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau created a school for ship constructors in Paris.巴黎国立高等先进技术学校的前身是海军与机械工程学院，其源头可追溯至 1741 年杜阿梅尔·迪蒙索在巴黎创办的造船学校。
• Télécom Paris, the telecommunications school, was established in 1878 as the École supérieure de télégraphie, reflecting the rise of the electric telegraph in late nineteenth-century France.巴黎高等电信学校创立于 1878 年，初名高等电报学校，反映了十九世纪末法国电报事业的兴起。
• ENSAE Paris, the statistics and economics school, was created in 1942 to train statisticians and economists for the newly founded national statistical institute of France.巴黎国立统计与经济管理学院创立于 1942 年，旨在为当时新成立的法国国家统计机构培养统计学家与经济学家。
• Télécom SudParis, the second telecommunications school, developed from the Institut national des télécommunications founded in 1979 within the Institut Mines-Télécom network.南巴黎高等电信学校源自 1979 年创立于法国矿业电信研究院体系内的国立电信学院。
• An ordinance of 12 December 2018 introduced the new legal form of experimental public institution, which allowed several higher education bodies to group while keeping their own legal personality.2018 年 12 月 12 日的一项法令引入了「实验性公立机构」这一新法律形态，使多所高等教育机构可在保留各自法人资格的前提下结成联盟。
• A decree of 31 May 2019 formally established Institut Polytechnique de Paris, and the text was published in the Journal Officiel, the French official gazette, on 2 June 2019.2019 年 5 月 31 日的政令正式创立巴黎理工学院，该文本于 2019 年 6 月 2 日刊登于法国官方公报。
• The founding members were École Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, ENSAE Paris, Télécom Paris and Télécom SudParis, with GENES overseeing the economics and statistics schools under a single governance.创始成员包括巴黎综合理工学院、巴黎国立高等先进技术学校、巴黎国立统计与经济管理学院、巴黎高等电信学校与南巴黎高等电信学校，由 GENES 统筹经济与统计类学校。
• The first academic year of 2019 saw IP Paris launch master's and PhD programmes, award the HDR research supervision qualification, and co-accredit the Hadamard mathematics doctoral school with Paris-Saclay.2019 年的首个学年中，巴黎理工学院开设了硕士与博士项目，授予科研指导资格，并与巴黎萨克雷大学共同认证了阿达马数学博士学院。
• The first doctors of IP Paris received their diplomas in late 2019, marking the institution's debut as an independent degree-awarding university after the grouping of its schools.巴黎理工学院的首批博士于 2019 年底获得学位，标志着这些学校合并后该机构作为独立学位授予大学的起步。
• In June 2019 IP Paris launched Energy for Climate, its first interdisciplinary research centre, uniting 21 laboratories to study the energy transition and climate change.2019 年 6 月巴黎理工学院推出了首个跨学科研究中心「能源与气候」，联合 21 个实验室研究能源转型与气候变化。
• In August 2019 the institute won four University Research School grants worth a total of 14 million euros over ten years in fields such as biomedical engineering and plasmas.2019 年 8 月该校获得四个大学研究学校资助，总额 1,400 万欧元，期限为十年，领域涵盖生物医学工程与等离子体等。
• From late 2019 the member schools withdrew from the ParisTech foundation and from the University of Paris-Saclay while keeping collaborative agreements on shared facilities and projects.自 2019 年底起，各成员学校退出巴黎高科基金会与巴黎萨克雷大学，同时就共享设施与项目保留合作协议。
• In 2020 IP Paris and HEC Paris officially launched Hi! PARIS, an interdisciplinary centre dedicated to artificial intelligence and data science with joint faculty and student programmes.2020 年巴黎理工学院与巴黎高等商学院正式推出 Hi! PARIS，这是一个聚焦人工智能与数据科学的跨学科中心，设有联合师资与学生项目。
• On 1 September 2019 IP Paris created ten teaching and research communities spanning its schools to give students training with a strong focus on research questions.2019 年 9 月 1 日巴黎理工学院设立了十个跨校教学与研究社群，为学生提供高度聚焦研究问题的培养。
• A reform of the Cycle ingénieur programme at École Polytechnique was launched in 2021, renewing the flagship engineering curriculum within the federation.2021 年巴黎综合理工学院推出工程师阶段课程改革，更新了联盟内的旗舰工程培养方案。
• In 2022 École Polytechnique published its Climate Plan and celebrated fifty years since the first women entered the school, reflecting its modern social commitments.2022 年巴黎综合理工学院发布气候计划，并庆祝首批女生入校五十周年，体现了其当代社会承诺。
• All five member schools were present on the Saclay campus by the end of 2019, fulfilling the plan to build a single connected science and technology campus south of Paris.至 2019 年底五所成员学校都已进驻萨克雷校区，实现了在巴黎以南建设一座连贯的科技校区的规划。
• The Association of alumni of École Polytechnique, known as AX, and the wider ParisTech network of grandes écoles have long supported the federation's schools through endowments, mentoring and industry links.巴黎综合理工学院的校友会（AX）以及范围更广的巴黎高科大学校网络，长期通过捐赠基金、导师辅导与产业联系支持该联盟的各校。

Academics

• IP Paris is composed of five member schools, École Polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, ENSAE Paris, Télécom Paris and Télécom SudParis, each retaining its own degree programmes and admissions.巴黎理工学院由五所成员学校组成，即巴黎综合理工学院、巴黎国立高等先进技术学校、巴黎国立统计与经济管理学院、巴黎高等电信学校与南巴黎高等电信学校，各校保留各自的学位项目与招生。
• The institute offers about 70 master's and PhD-track programmes alongside the Bachelor of the École Polytechnique, Mastères Spécialisés and executive education certificates.该校提供约 70 个硕士与博士轨道项目，以及巴黎综合理工学院学士、专业硕士与高管教育证书。
• Across its schools IP Paris employed around 1,000 teacher-researchers in 2019 and ran 30 research laboratories covering mathematics, physics, computer science and engineering.2019 年巴黎理工学院在各校约有 1,000 名教学研究人员，并运营 30 个研究实验室，涵盖数学、物理、计算机科学与工程。
• The federation is accredited to deliver master's and doctoral degrees in its own name, with the first IP Paris doctoral school opening in late 2019.该联盟获准以自身名义授予硕士与博士学位，其首个博士学院于 2019 年底开放。
• Interdisciplinary research centres address energy and climate, artificial intelligence and data science, biomedical engineering, and defense and cyber-security.跨学科研究中心聚焦能源与气候、人工智能与数据科学、生物医学工程以及国防与网络安全。
• The Hadamard mathematics doctoral school and co-accreditations with the University of Paris-Saclay link IP Paris to one of Europe's densest mathematics communities.阿达马数学博士学院以及与巴黎萨克雷大学的共同认证，将巴黎理工学院连接到欧洲最密集的数学群体之一。
• IP Paris runs the Novation Center, a common brand for the incubators of its schools, including the Drahi-X Novation Centre at École Polytechnique and the Télécom Paris incubator.巴黎理工学院运营 Novation Center，作为其各校孵化器的统一品牌，包括巴黎综合理工学院的 Drahi-X 创新中心与巴黎高等电信学校孵化器。
• The alliance with HEC Paris created Hi! PARIS, giving students joint courses and research projects in artificial intelligence, data and society.与巴黎高等商学院的联盟创建了 Hi! PARIS，为学生提供人工智能、数据与社会领域的联合课程与研究项目。
• Strong disciplines include applied mathematics, computer science, physics, economics and electrical engineering, fields in which the member schools have long international standing.优势学科包括应用数学、计算机科学、物理、经济与电气工程，成员学校在这些领域长期具有国际声誉。
• The institute's ten teaching and research communities, created in September 2019, organise cross-school training around shared scientific themes.该校于 2019 年 9 月设立的十个教学与研究社群，围绕共同科学主题组织跨校培养。
• ENSAE Paris specialises in statistics, actuarial science and economics, while Télécom Paris and Télécom SudParis focus on networks, digital technology and innovation.巴黎国立统计与经济管理学院专攻统计、精算与经济，而巴黎高等电信学校与南巴黎高等电信学校聚焦网络、数字技术与创新。
• École Polytechnique provides the three-year Cycle ingénieur, a bachelor's programme and research master's, with a strong emphasis on science and leadership.巴黎综合理工学院提供三年制工程师阶段、学士项目与研究型硕士，高度强调科学与领导力。
• Student selection is highly competitive, with the member schools recruiting through the French grandes écoles competitive examinations and international admissions pathways.学生选拔竞争极为激烈，成员学校通过法国大学校竞考与国际招生渠道录取学生。
• The federation hosts international double-degree partnerships with universities in Europe, Asia and the Americas, including the ParisTech Shanghai Jiao Tong Engineering School in China.该联盟与欧洲、亚洲及美洲的大学设有国际双学位合作，包括中国的巴黎高科上海交大工程师学院。
• Research income includes the 14 million euro University Research School grants won in 2019, supporting doctoral training over a ten-year period.研究经费包括 2019 年获得的 1,400 万欧元大学研究学校资助，用于十年期的博士培养。
• Many of its laboratories are joint research units run with the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and the National Institute for Research in Digital Science and Technology (Inria), which share staff and facilities with the schools.其许多实验室是与法国国家科学研究中心（CNRS）、原子能与替代能源委员会（CEA）以及国家数字科学与技术研究院（Inria）联合运营的混合研究单位，与各校共享人员与设施。
• The École Polytechnique Foundation (Fondation de l'École Polytechnique), created in 1987, funds scholarships, chairs and research prizes, while the Drahi-X Novation Center and the Télécom Paris incubator support start-ups across the federation.巴黎综合理工学院基金会（Fondation de l'École Polytechnique）创立于 1987 年，资助奖学金、讲席与研究奖项，而 Drahi-X 创新中心与巴黎高等电信学校孵化器则扶持整个联盟的初创企业。

Campus

• The main campus of IP Paris lies on the Saclay Plateau in Palaiseau, in the Essonne department of the Île-de-France region about 20 kilometres southwest of central Paris.巴黎理工学院的主校区位于法兰西岛大区埃松省的帕莱索萨克雷高原，在巴黎市中心西南约 20 公里处。
• All five member schools are present on the Saclay campus, with École Polytechnique at the centre, ENSTA Paris to the east and Télécom Paris and Télécom SudParis to the west.五所成员学校都设于萨克雷校区，巴黎综合理工学院居中，巴黎国立高等先进技术学校在东，巴黎高等电信学校与南巴黎高等电信学校在西。
• The campus coordinates are approximately 48.71828 degrees north and 2.2498 degrees east, within one of the largest research-intensive clusters in Europe.该校区的坐标约为北纬 48.71828 度、东经 2.2498 度，地处欧洲最大的研究密集集群之一。
• A master plan organises the site along an east-west corridor of public spaces, with each school as an interface and shelters connecting teaching and research buildings.一项总体规划沿东西向公共空间走廊组织校园，以每所学校为节点，用连廊连接教学与研究楼。
• An innovation business park to the east of the campus is planned to host private research and innovation centres alongside the academic laboratories.校区以东规划有创新产业园，将在学术实验室旁设立私人研究与创新中心。
• The Saclay campus forms part of the Paris-Saclay project, a planned science cluster of universities, grandes écoles and companies on former agricultural land.萨克雷校区是巴黎萨克雷计划的一部分，该计划是在昔日农地上建设的大学、大学校与企业科学集群。
• Student residences and shared libraries, restaurants and sports facilities serve the 7,600 students spread across the connected schools of the institute.学生宿舍与共享图书馆、食堂和运动设施服务于分布在各成员学校的约 7,600 名学生。
• The Saclay site lies beside the wider Paris-Saclay University campus, and the institute's schools share the plateau with neighbours such as the Institut d'Optique Graduate School, the CEA Saclay research centre and the campus of CentraleSupélec.萨克雷校区毗邻范围更大的巴黎萨克雷大学校园，联盟各校与光学研究院研究生院、CEA 萨克雷研究中心以及中央理工-高等电力学院校区等毗邻机构共享这片高原。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Institut Polytechnique de Paris is placed 43rd in the world, the highest position among the French science and technology institutes in that edition.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，巴黎理工学院位列世界第 43 位，是当届法国科学技术类院校中的最高名次。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places IP Paris at 75th in the world, confirming its rapid rise since the 2019 creation.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将巴黎理工学院列于世界第 75 位，印证了其自 2019 年创立以来的快速上升。
• In the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2026 IP Paris stands in the 201 to 300 band worldwide, reflecting the research output of its member schools.在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，巴黎理工学院位于世界第 201 至 300 区间，体现了其成员学校的研究产出。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026 to 2027 ranks IP Paris 328th in the world among global research universities.2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻与世界报道最佳全球大学排名将巴黎理工学院列为全球第 328 位。
• The OpenAlex database attributes 18,750 works to IP Paris with 610,899 citations, a quantified measure of its young but growing research output.OpenAlex 数据库为巴黎理工学院收录 18,750 篇成果、被引 610,899 次，量化体现了其虽年轻却不断增长的研究产出。
• IP Paris is a central member of the Paris-Saclay cluster, one of Europe's largest concentrations of public research laboratories and technology companies.巴黎理工学院是巴黎萨克雷集群的核心成员，该集群是欧洲最大的公共研究实验室与科技企业集聚区之一。
• Its member École Polytechnique has produced numerous heads of state and several Nobel laureates, giving the federation deep diplomatic and scientific standing.其成员巴黎综合理工学院培养了众多国家元首与数位诺贝尔奖得主，使该联盟拥有深厚的外交与科学地位。
• In QS subjects the federation ranks strongly in engineering and technology and in computer science, drawn from the combined strengths of its five schools.在 QS 学科排名中，该联盟在工程与技术以及计算机科学方面表现强劲，源自五所学校的合力。
• IP Paris is a member of the Paris-Saclay cluster and collaborates with the University of Paris-Saclay, the CEA and the CNRS, forming one of Europe's largest concentrations of public research laboratories and technology companies.巴黎理工学院是巴黎萨克雷集群的成员，与巴黎萨克雷大学、法国原子能与替代能源委员会（CEA）及法国国家科学研究中心（CNRS）合作，构成欧洲最大的公共研究实验室与科技企业集聚区之一。

Student life

• IP Paris has no single official motto of its own, and its member schools keep their historic mottos, such as École Polytechnique's "Pour la Patrie, les Sciences et la Gloire".巴黎理工学院自身没有单一正式校训，其成员学校保留各自的历史校训，例如巴黎综合理工学院的「为祖国、科学与荣光」。
• Student associations at the federation span robotics, entrepreneurship, music and sport, coordinated through each school's campus life and student unions.该联盟的学生社团涵盖机器人、创业、音乐与体育，由各校的校园生活与学生会协调。
• The Saclay campus offers shared restaurants, libraries and sports halls used by the 7,600 students enrolled across the five member schools.萨克雷校区设有供五所成员学校约 7,600 名学生共用的食堂、图书馆与体育场馆。
• École Polytechnique maintains the tradition of a military-style induction and the famous黄球游行, a student celebration unique to the French engineering school culture.巴黎综合理工学院保留军事化入学训练的传统以及著名的黄球游行，这是法国工程师学校文化中独有的学生庆典。
• International students form a large share of the doctoral body, with English-taught master's programmes attracting applicants from Europe, Asia and the Americas.国际学生在博士群体中占很大比例，英语授课的硕士项目吸引了来自欧洲、亚洲与美洲的申请者。
• The Novation Center and school incubators support student startups, offering mentoring and seed funding for technology and artificial intelligence ventures.Novation Center 与各校孵化器支持学生创业，为技术与人工智能企业提供辅导与种子资金。
• Sport is central to campus life, with the Saclay site providing athletics tracks, gyms and team facilities for the inter-school competitions of the federation.体育是校园生活的核心，萨克雷校区设有田径场、体育馆与团队设施，供联盟内校际比赛使用。

Notable people

• Gaspard Monge (1746 to 1818), the mathematician who founded descriptive geometry, co-created École Polytechnique in 1794 and gave the school its scientific mission.蒙日（1746 至 1818）是创立画法几何的数学家，于 1794 年共同创办巴黎综合理工学院，并确立了该校的科学使命。
• Lazare Carnot (1753 to 1823), a mathematician and Revolutionary leader, co-founded École Polytechnique in 1794 and shaped its role in training engineer-officers.卡诺（1753 至 1823）是数学家与革命领袖，于 1794 年共同创办巴黎综合理工学院，并塑造了其培养工程师军官的职能。
• Henri Becquerel (1852 to 1908), an École Polytechnique alumnus, was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of spontaneous radioactivity.贝克勒尔（1852 至 1908）是巴黎综合理工学院校友，因发现天然放射性获 1903 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Jean Tirole (born 1953), who entered École Polytechnique in 1973, was awarded the 2014 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his analysis of market power.梯若尔（1953 年生）于 1973 年入读巴黎综合理工学院，因对市场势力的分析获 2014 年诺贝尔经济学纪念奖。
• Gérard Mourou (born 1944), affiliated with École Polytechnique and ENSTA, was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics for the method of chirped pulse amplification.穆鲁（1944 年生）曾任职于巴黎综合理工学院与巴黎国立高等先进技术学校，因啁啾脉冲放大法获 2018 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• André-Marie Ampère (1775 to 1836), a physicist who taught at École Polytechnique, gave his name to the unit of electric current and founded electrodynamics.安培（1775 至 1836）是在巴黎综合理工学院任教的物理学家，电流单位以其命名，并创立了电动力学。
• Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1926 to 2020), an École Polytechnique alumnus, served as President of France from 1974 to 1981.吉斯卡尔·德斯坦（1926 至 2020）是巴黎综合理工学院校友，于 1974 至 1981 年担任法国总统。
• Michel Rocard (1930 to 2016), a polytechnicien, served as Prime Minister of France from 1988 to 1991 and was a leading figure of the Socialist Party.罗卡尔（1930 至 2016）是综合理工出身，于 1988 至 1991 年担任法国总理，是社会党重要人物。
• Paul Painlevé (1863 to 1933), a mathematician and École Polytechnique alumnus, served twice as Prime Minister of France and advanced the study of differential equations.潘勒韦（1863 至 1933）是数学家与巴黎综合理工学院校友，两度出任法国总理，并推进了微分方程研究。
• Patrick Kron (born 1953), an École Polytechnique alumnus, served as Chairman and CEO of the engineering group Alstom from 2003 to 2016.克朗（1953 年生）是巴黎综合理工学院校友，于 2003 至 2016 年担任工程集团阿尔斯通的董事长兼首席执行官。
• Through the ParisTech Shanghai Jiao Tong Engineering School, IP Paris has run a joint engineering programme with Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China since 2012.通过巴黎高科上海交大工程师学院，巴黎理工学院自 2012 年起与中国上海交通大学合办工程师项目。
• Éric Labaye, a graduate of École Polytechnique, has served as the first President of IP Paris since its creation in 2019, chairing its Board of Directors.拉巴耶是巴黎综合理工学院毕业生，自 2019 年巴黎理工学院创立起担任首任校长，主持其董事会。