Imperial College London

Imperial College London, formally The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, is a public research university in London, England.帝国理工学院（Imperial College London），正式名称为帝国科学、技术与医学学院，是一所位于英国伦敦的公立研究型大学。

Established by royal charter in 1907 and independent of the University of London since 2007, it is organised into four faculties of engineering, medicine, natural sciences and business, and ranks joint second in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校于 1907 年依皇家特许状设立，2007 年起脱离伦敦大学联邦独立办学，下设工程、医学、自然科学与商学院四个学部，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列全球第二。

History

• The college's earliest root was the Royal College of Chemistry, founded in 1845 with the support of Prince Albert and Parliament, which was merged in 1853 into what became the Royal School of Mines.学院最早的源头是 1845 年在阿尔伯特亲王与议会支持下创办的皇家化学学院，1853 年并入日后的皇家矿业学院。

• Prince Albert envisaged South Kensington as a district of culture and science, and the proceeds of the Great Exhibition of 1851 were used to develop it, with the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Science Museum opening there.阿尔伯特亲王曾构想将南肯辛顿建成文化与科学之区，1851 年万国工业博览会的收益被用于开发这片区域，维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆和科学博物馆先后在此落成。

• The Normal School of Science was established in South Kensington in 1881 under Thomas Huxley and renamed the Royal College of Science in 1890, while the City and Guilds of London Institute opened its Central Institution on Exhibition Road in 1884.1881 年，南肯辛顿设立科学师范学校，由托马斯·赫胥黎主持，1890 年更名为皇家科学学院；伦敦城市与行会学院则于 1884 年在展览路开设中央学院。

• On 8 July 1907 Edward VII granted a royal charter establishing the Imperial College of Science and Technology, which incorporated the Royal College of Science and the Royal School of Mines, with the City and Guilds College joining in 1910.1907 年 7 月 8 日，爱德华七世颁授皇家特许状，设立帝国科学与技术学院，合并皇家科学学院与皇家矿业学院，城市与行会学院于 1910 年加入。

• The college joined the University of London in 1908 as a constituent college and remained within the federal university for almost a century before regaining its independence.1908 年，学院以成员学院身份加入伦敦大学联邦，在大约一个世纪后恢复独立地位。

• In October 1945 George VI and Queen Elizabeth visited to mark the centenary of the Royal College of Chemistry, and the university's main graduation ceremony has since been held each October as Commemoration Day.1945 年 10 月，乔治六世与伊丽莎白王后到访，以纪念皇家化学学院成立一百周年；此后学校的年度主毕业典礼便固定在每年十月举行，称为纪念日。

• After the Second World War the Percy Report of 1945 and the Barlow Committee of 1946 called for a British equivalent of MIT, and a compromise reached in 1953 saw the college double in size over the following decade.第二次世界大战后，1945 年珀西报告与 1946 年巴洛委员会主张建立英国版的麻省理工学院；1953 年达成的折中方案使学院在此后十年间规模翻倍。

• Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School in 1988 under the Imperial College Act, took its present formal name, and later absorbed the National Heart and Lung Institute and several London medical schools to form the Imperial College School of Medicine.1988 年，学院依《帝国学院法》与圣玛丽医院医学院合并，改用现行的正式名称，其后又并入国家心肺研究所与数所伦敦医学院，组成帝国学院医学院。

• It gained its own degree-awarding powers in 2003, opened its business school in 2004, and became a fully independent university in July 2007, its centenary year.学院于 2003 年获得自主授予学位的权力，2004 年商学院落成启用，并在 2007 年 7 月的百年校庆之际成为完全独立的大学。

Academics

• Teaching is organised across four faculties, engineering, medicine, natural sciences and the business school, with business courses woven into science degrees and science taught to business students.教学分属工程、医学、自然科学与商学院四个学部，商科课程被嵌入理科学位，商科学生也须修读科学课程。

• The Faculty of Engineering covers aeronautics, bioengineering, chemical, civil and environmental, computing, design engineering through the Dyson School, earth science, electrical and electronic, materials and mechanical engineering.工程学部涵盖航空、生物工程、化学工程、土木与环境工程、计算机、戴森设计工程、地球科学与工程、电子电气、材料与机械工程等学科。

• The Faculty of Medicine traces its roots to St Mary's, Charing Cross, Westminster and the Royal Postgraduate medical schools, teaches more than 300 undergraduate medical students a year and works across six teaching hospitals.医学部源于圣玛丽、查令十字、西敏寺及皇家研究生等医学院，每年招收三百余名本科医学生，并在六所教学医院开展教学。

• The Faculty of Natural Sciences comprises chemistry, mathematics, physics and life sciences together with the Centre for Environmental Policy, and the business school covers finance, management, marketing and analytics.自然科学部下设化学、数学、物理、生命科学及环境政策中心；商学院则涵盖金融、管理、市场营销与分析等方向。

• In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework the college's research was assessed as 66 per cent world-leading and 30 per cent internationally excellent, and Imperial was placed first in the United Kingdom for research grade point average.在 2021 年英国研究卓越框架评估中，学院 66% 的研究被评为世界领先、30% 为国际优秀，其研究平均分位列全英第一。

• Research commercialisation is channelled through the technology-transfer company Imperial Innovations, whose enterprise lab is used by about one student in eight and reports a start-up survival rate of 79 per cent.科研成果转化通过技术转移公司帝国创新推进，其创业实验室约有八分之一的学生使用，报告的新创企业存活率为 79%。

• Imperial is a founding partner of the Francis Crick Institute, the largest single biomedical laboratory in Europe, and has maintained a formal research partnership with MIT since 1944.学院是欧洲最大单体生物医学实验室弗朗西斯·克里克研究所的创始合作方，并自 1944 年起与麻省理工学院保持正式科研合作。

• Rather than a comprehensive university, Imperial concentrates on science, engineering, medicine and business, and more than half of its students come from outside the United Kingdom.帝国理工并不追求学科齐全，而是集中于科学、工程、医学与商学，其学生中超过一半来自英国以外。

Campus

• The main campus is in South Kensington, in the cultural district known as Albertopolis, alongside the Royal Albert Hall and the Natural History, Science and Victoria and Albert museums.主校区位于南肯辛顿的阿尔伯托波利斯文化区，与皇家阿尔伯特音乐厅以及自然史、科学、维多利亚与阿尔伯特三座博物馆相邻。

• At the heart of the campus stands the Queen's Tower, at 287 feet the only surviving building of the Imperial Institute, whose ten bells were a gift from Australia in 1982.校区中央矗立着女王塔，高 287 英尺，是帝国研究院唯一留存至今的建筑，塔内十口大钟是 1982 年来自澳大利亚的赠礼。

• A second major campus at White City, built on land formerly owned by the BBC, houses innovation and biomedical research facilities and the I-HUB enterprise space.第二个主要校区位于白城，建于英国广播公司原有的土地上，设有创新与生物医学研究设施以及名为 I-HUB 的创业空间。

• Silwood Park near Ascot in Berkshire is a postgraduate campus for ecology, evolution and conservation, set in about one hundred hectares of parkland.位于伯克郡阿斯科特附近的丝木园是一处研究生校区，以生态学、进化与保护研究为主，坐拥约一百公顷的园地。

• The medical faculty teaches across the hospitals of Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, among them Charing Cross, Hammersmith and St Mary's.医学部在帝国理工医疗国民保健信托的医院中开展教学，其中包括查令十字、哈默史密斯与圣玛丽等医院。

• The central library beside Queen's Lawn is open around the clock, and the college owns ten halls of residence providing more than three thousand rooms.女王草坪旁的中央图书馆全天开放；学院自有十座学生宿舍，提供三千余个床位。

Reputation

• It ranks joint second in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, eighth in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 29th in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities and 14th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列全球第二，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 8，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第 29，2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 14。^[1]

• In national league tables for 2026 the college was placed sixth by the Complete University Guide, the Guardian and the Times and Sunday Times, and was named the Times and Sunday Times University of the Year for 2027.在 2026 年英国国内榜单中，学院在完全大学指南、卫报以及泰晤士报与星期日泰晤士报三榜均列第六，并获评泰晤士报与星期日泰晤士报 2027 年度大学。

• Its strength lies in engineering, science, medicine and business, and its emphasis on entrepreneurship and industry placements has given it a strong record on employability.学院的强项在工程、科学、医学与商学，其对创业与行业实习的重视使其在毕业生就业能力方面表现突出。

• In the 2023 QS MBA rankings by career specialisation its business programme was placed third in the world for entrepreneurship.在 2023 年 QS 工商管理硕士职业方向排名中，其商科项目在创业方向上位列全球第三。

• Imperial was ranked the fourth most international university in the world in 2026, the highest placed outside Hong Kong, with more than sixty per cent of students from overseas.2026 年学院被评为全球第四国际化大学，是香港以外排名最高的学府，其学生中六成以上来自海外。

• Its research output includes some 400000 publications and nearly 50 million citations, and its community counts 14 Nobel laureates, three Fields medallists and 74 fellows of the Royal Society.学院累计发表约 40 万篇文献、获近 5000 万次引用，其成员中共有 14 位诺贝尔奖得主、3 位菲尔兹奖得主与 74 位皇家学会会士。

Student life

• Imperial College Union is run by five full-time sabbatical officers elected from the student body and supports over 300 clubs, societies and projects.帝国理工学院学生会由从学生中选出的五名全职带薪干事主持，支持三百多个社团、学会与项目。

• The university has more than 350 student clubs and societies, among them the contemporary a cappella group The Techtonics, which won the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella in 2016.学校有三百五十多个学生社团，其中当代无伴奏合唱团 The Techtonics 曾于 2016 年赢得国际高校无伴奏合唱锦标赛。

• Student media include the newspaper Felix and Imperial College Radio, and the union's collection of pewter tankards is the largest in Europe.学生媒体包括校报 Felix 与帝国理工广播电台；学生会收藏的锡制啤酒杯数量为欧洲之最。

• Sport is organised by Imperial Athletes with more than ninety clubs, four gyms and two swimming pools, and the college maintains sports grounds at Heston and Harlington.体育事务由 Imperial Athletes 组织，拥有九十多个俱乐部、四座健身房与两个游泳池，学院另在赫斯顿与哈灵顿设有运动场。

• The Bottle Match, an annual rugby fixture between the Royal School of Mines and the Camborne School of Mines, was first recorded in 1902 and is among the oldest inter-university matches in the world.每年由皇家矿业学院对阵坎伯恩矿业学院的橄榄球赛「瓶子赛」最早记录于 1902 年，是世界上历史最悠久的校际赛事之一。

• Commemoration Day each October, when degrees are conferred, dates from the 1945 royal visit and remains the university's principal graduation ceremony.每年十月举行的纪念日大会负责授予学位，源自 1945 年的王室到访，至今仍是学院最重要的毕业典礼。

Notable people

• Because Imperial was created by merging existing colleges, its founding figures are the Victorian patrons and scientists who built them, among them Prince Albert and Thomas Huxley.由于帝国理工由既有学院合并而成，其开创者多是为这些学院奠基的维多利亚时代赞助人与科学家，其中包括阿尔伯特亲王与托马斯·赫胥黎。

• Fourteen of its associates have won the Nobel Prize, a roll that includes Alexander Fleming, a co-discoverer of penicillin, and the physicist Abdus Salam.学院相关人士中有十四人获得诺贝尔奖，名单包括青霉素的发现者之一亚历山大·弗莱明与物理学家阿卜杜斯·萨拉姆。

• Three of its number have won the Fields Medal, among them Klaus Roth in 1958 and Simon Donaldson in 1986, who remains a member of its mathematics department.学院有三人获得菲尔兹奖，其中包括 1958 年的克劳斯·罗特与 1986 年的西蒙·唐纳森，后者至今仍在数学系任教。

• Charles Kao, a pioneer of fibre optics who later led the Chinese University of Hong Kong, studied and taught at Imperial, and Narinder Singh Kapany made key contributions to fibre optics there.光纤通讯先驱、后任香港中文大学校长的高锟曾在帝国理工求学与任教；纳林德·辛格·卡帕尼则在此为光纤的发明做出关键贡献。

• Other alumni include the writers H. G. Wells and Simon Singh, the Queen guitarist Brian May, and W. H. Perkin, who discovered the first aniline dye.其他校友还包括作家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯与西蒙·辛格、皇后乐队吉他手布赖恩·梅，以及发现第一种苯胺染料的威廉·珀金。

• Chinese alumni include the geophysicist Weng Wenbo, the rocketry pioneers Huang Weilu, Wang Daheng and Yao Tongbin, and Chen Jining, later mayor of Beijing and party secretary of Shanghai.中国校友则包括地球物理学家翁文波，导弹与航天技术开拓者黄纬禄、王大珩与姚桐斌，以及后任北京市市长、上海市委书记的陈吉宁。