Howard University

Howard University is a private, federally chartered, historically black research university in the Shaw neighbourhood of Washington, D.C., and is widely known as "The Mecca" of black higher education.霍华德大学是一所位于美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区肖区的私立联邦特许传统黑人研究型大学，被广泛誉为黑人高等教育的「麦加」。

Chartered by the United States Congress on 2 March 1867 and named after General Oliver Otis Howard, it enrolled about 11,000 students in 2026 across 14 schools and colleges.该校于 1867 年 3 月 2 日获美国国会特许设立，以将领奥利弗·霍华德命名；2026 年在校学生约 11,000 人，分布在 14 个学院。

It is the only historically black college or university classified as an R1 doctoral research university, and in the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed in the 1001-1200 band.该校是唯一被列为 R1 级博士研究型大学的历史悠久的黑人高校，并在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 1001-1200 位。

History

• Howard University was chartered by the United States Congress on 2 March 1867, shortly after the American Civil War, and was named for General Oliver Otis Howard, a Union hero and commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau.霍华德大学于 1867 年 3 月 2 日获美国国会特许设立，时值南北战争结束不久，校名取自联邦军将领、自由民局专员奥利弗·霍华德。
• Members of the First Congregational Society of Washington had first planned a theological seminary for black clergymen, and within weeks the project grew into a plan for a university.华盛顿第一公理会最初计划创办一所培养黑人牧师的神学院，数周后这一构想扩展为创办一所大学。
• Within two years the new institution had colleges of liberal arts and medicine, and Howard himself served as its president from 1869 to 1874.两年内，新成立的大学即设有文理学院与医学院；霍华德本人于 1869 年至 1874 年出任校长。
• Much of its early funding came from endowment, private benefaction and tuition, and in later years an annual congressional appropriation administered by the U.S. Department of Education funded the university and its hospital.其早期经费主要来自捐赠基金、私人捐助与学费；后来由美国教育部经管的国会年度拨款资助大学及其附属医院。
• From 1926 to 1960 Mordecai Wyatt Johnson was Howard's first African-American president, leading the university for more than three decades.1926 年至 1960 年，莫迪凯·约翰逊出任该校首位非裔美国人校长，主持校政三十余年。
• Alain Locke, chair of the department of philosophy and the first African-American Rhodes Scholar, authored The New Negro in 1925, which helped to launch the Harlem Renaissance.阿兰·洛克是哲学系系主任，也是首位非裔美国罗德学者，他于 1925 年出版的《新黑人》推动了哈莱姆文艺复兴。
• Ralph Bunche, who chaired the department of political science, became the first person of African descent to win the Nobel Peace Prize, in 1950.拉尔夫·邦奇曾任政治学系系主任，于 1950 年成为首位获得诺贝尔和平奖的非裔人士。
• Stokely Carmichael, also known as Kwame Ture, a student of philosophy and divinity at Howard, popularised the term Black Power in the 1960s.斯托克利·卡迈克尔（又名夸梅·图雷）是该校哲学与神学院的学生，在 20 世纪 60 年代让「黑人权力」一词广为人知。
• Calvin Coolidge became the first sitting U.S. president to speak at Howard in 1924, delivering a commencement address titled The Progress of a People.1924 年，卡尔文·柯立芝成为首位在霍华德大学发表演讲的在任美国总统，其毕业演讲题为《一个民族的进步》。
• Beginning in 1942 Howard students pioneered the "stool-sitting" tactic against segregated cafeterias, organising regular sit-ins and pickets in Washington until the autumn of 1944.自 1942 年起，霍华德学生率先以「占座」方式抗议实行种族隔离的餐馆，并在华盛顿组织定期静坐与纠察，持续至 1944 年秋。
• In 1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson delivered a commencement address at Howard in which he outlined his civil rights legislation and endorsed affirmative action.1965 年，美国总统林登·约翰逊在霍华德大学毕业典礼上发表演讲，阐述其民权立法主张并支持平权行动。
• In 1975 the historic Freedman's Hospital closed after 112 years, and the new Howard University Hospital opened the same year as the teaching hospital of the College of Medicine.1975 年，历史悠久的弗里德曼医院在运营 112 年后关闭，新的霍华德大学医院同年启用，成为医学院的教学医院。
• Also in 1975, Jeanne Sinkford became the first woman to serve as dean of any American dental school when she was appointed dean of Howard's College of Dentistry.同年，珍妮·辛克福德出任霍华德大学牙科学院院长，成为美国首位担任牙科学院院长的女性。
• In 1989 students protested against the appointment of Lee Atwater to the board of trustees, occupying the administration building and forcing the resignations of Atwater and president James E. Cheek.1989 年，学生抗议李·阿特沃特进入校董会，占领行政大楼，最终导致阿特沃特与校长詹姆斯·奇克双双辞职。
• In 2008 Sidney Ribeau, previously president of Bowling Green State University, became president and launched a commission on academic renewal that reduced or closed 20 of the university's 171 academic programmes.2008 年，曾任鲍林格林州立大学校长的西德尼·里博出任校长，并设立学术重整委员会，裁撤或关闭了 171 个学术项目中的 20 个。
• In October 2013 Wayne A. I. Frederick was named interim president, and in July 2014 he became the 17th president, while Ben Vinson III, the 18th president from 2023, had previously been provost of Case Western Reserve University, and Frederick returned as interim president in September 2025.2013 年 10 月，韦恩·弗雷德里克被任命为署理校长，2014 年 7 月出任第 17 任校长；本·文森三世于 2023 年成为第 18 任校长，此前任凯斯西储大学教务长，而弗雷德里克于 2025 年 9 月再次出任署理校长。
• In May 2016 President Barack Obama delivered a commencement address at Howard, urging graduates to advocate for racial change.2016 年 5 月，美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马在霍华德大学发表毕业演讲，鼓励毕业生为种族进步发声。
• In 2018 nearly 1,000 students held a nine-day sit-in over the administration's use of funds, after six employees were found to have taken financial aid improperly.2018 年，在查出 6 名员工不当获取助学金后，近 1,000 名学生举行长达九天的静坐，抗议校方对经费的使用。
• In May 2021 the university named its re-established fine arts college the Chadwick A. Boseman College of Fine Arts, after the actor and distinguished alumnus who died in 2020.2021 年 5 月，大学将重建的艺术学院命名为查德威克·博斯曼艺术学院，以纪念 2020 年辞世的杰出校友、演员博斯曼。
• In March 2022 Howard announced it would spend 785 million over four years on new STEM and academic buildings, and in 2023 it issued a300 million tax-exempt bond for campus housing.2022 年 3 月，霍华德宣布四年内投入 7.85 亿美元新建理工与教学设施；2023 年又发行 3 亿美元免税债券用于校园宿舍改造。
• In February 2025 Howard became the first historically black university to receive the R1 Carnegie classification for very high research activity.2025 年 2 月，霍华德成为首所获得卡内基 R1 级（极高研究活动）分类的历史悠久的黑人大学。
• In November 2025 MacKenzie Scott donated 80 million to Howard, one of the largest gifts in its history, bringing her total support to about132 million.2025 年 11 月，麦肯齐·斯科特向霍华德捐赠 8,000 万美元，是校史上最大的捐赠之一，其对该校的累计捐赠约达 1.32 亿美元。

Academics

• Howard is organised into 14 schools and colleges, including arts and sciences, business, communications, dentistry, divinity, education, engineering and architecture, law and medicine.霍华德大学设有 14 个学院，涵盖文理、商学、传播、牙医、神学、教育、工程与建筑、法学与医学等。
• It also includes colleges of nursing and allied health sciences, pharmacy, social work and the Chadwick A. Boseman College of Fine Arts, together with the Graduate School.学校还设有护理与健康科学学院、药学院、社会工作学院与查德威克·博斯曼艺术学院，以及研究生院。
• The university offers more than 130 areas of study and over 120 degree programmes at undergraduate, graduate and professional levels.大学开设 130 多个专业方向与 120 多个学位项目，覆盖本科、研究生与专业学位层次。
• Its faculty number about 1,554 full-time and adjunct members, and the student-to-faculty ratio is 7 to 1.其专职与兼职教师约 1,554 人，师生比约为 7 比 1。
• It enrolled about 11,000 students in 2026, and the university has awarded more than 120,000 degrees and certificates since its founding.2026 年学校在校学生约 11,000 人；自建校以来，大学已授予超过 120,000 个学位与证书。
• Howard is a selective institution: its fall 2021 freshman class drew 29,391 applicants, of whom 10,362, or about 35 percent, were admitted.霍华德选拔性较强：2021 年秋季新生班收到 29,391 份申请，其中 10,362 人被录取，录取率约 35%。
• It offers four selective honours programmes for high-achieving undergraduates in arts and sciences, education, business and communications.大学为成绩优异的本科生开设 4 个择优荣誉项目，分别隶属文理、教育、商学与传播学院。
• In 2017 it founded the Bison STEM Scholars Program, renamed the Martha and Bruce Karsh STEM Scholars Program in 2020 after a $10 million donation, admitting about 30 students a year.2017 年设立比森 STEM 学者计划，2020 年在获捐 1,000 万美元后更名为玛莎与布鲁斯·卡斯 STEM 学者计划，每年约录取 30 人。
• Its College of Engineering and Architecture runs a seven-year chemistry and pharmacy programme with the New York Institute of Technology, awarding both a bachelor's degree and a doctor of pharmacy.其工程与建筑学院与纽约理工学院合办七年制化学与药学项目，学生可同时获得学士学位与药学博士学位。
• Its research profile includes the Interdisciplinary Research Building, an 81,670-square-foot facility opened in 2016 at a cost of $70 million.其科研设施包括跨学科研究大楼，建筑面积 81,670 平方英尺，2016 年启用，造价 7,000 万美元。
• The Moorland-Spingarn Research Center is one of the world's largest repositories documenting the history and culture of people of African descent.莫兰-斯平加恩研究中心是世界上最大的非裔历史文化文献收藏机构之一。
• The Beltsville Center for Climate System Observation is a NASA university research centre run jointly with the Goddard Space Flight Center.贝尔茨维尔气候系统观测中心是美国航空航天局大学研究中心，与戈达德航天飞行中心合作运作。
• The Ralph J. Bunche International Affairs Center, founded in 1993, houses study abroad programmes, foreign affairs scholarships and international research.拉尔夫·邦奇国际事务中心成立于 1993 年，承担海外学习项目、外交奖学金与国际研究。
• The Howard University Libraries system comprises nine branches and centres, led by the Founders Library, established in January 1939.霍华德大学图书馆系统由 9 个分馆与中心组成，以 1939 年 1 月设立的方德图书馆为主馆。
• Andrew Carnegie granted the university $50,000 on 2 December 1907 to establish its first library, which operated in the Carnegie Building until 1937.1907 年 12 月 2 日，安德鲁·卡内基捐资 5 万美元为大学建立第一座图书馆，该馆在卡内基大楼内运作至 1937 年。
• In 2017 Google established a pilot residency, later renamed Tech Exchange, and in 2022 the Walt Disney Company set up a storytellers fund at its communications and fine arts schools.2017 年谷歌设立试点驻校项目，后更名为科技交流计划；2022 年华特迪士尼公司在传播与艺术学院设立故事讲述者基金。
• Howard is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education, and its programmes in law, medicine, engineering, business and social work are accredited by the relevant professional bodies in the United States.霍华德大学获美国中部各州高等教育委员会认证，其法学、医学、工程、商学与社会工作等项目也获美国相关专业机构认证。

Campus

• The main campus, often called "The Mecca", lies in the Shaw neighbourhood of Northwest Washington, D.C., and covers about 256 acres across the District of Columbia and Maryland.主校区常被称为「麦加」，位于华盛顿哥伦比亚特区西北部的肖区，在特区内与马里兰州合计占地约 256 英亩。
• Historic landmarks on campus include the Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel, Frederick Douglass Memorial Hall and the Founders Library.校园内的历史地标包括安德鲁·兰金纪念教堂、弗雷德里克·道格拉斯纪念堂与方德图书馆。
• The Howard University Gallery of Art was established by the board of trustees in 1928, and its permanent collection has grown to more than 4,000 works.霍华德大学美术馆由校董会于 1928 年设立，其永久藏品已增至 4,000 余件。
• Many campus buildings were added after the First World War under the direction of the architect Albert Cassell.第一次世界大战后，校园多座建筑在建筑师阿尔伯特·卡塞尔的指导下相继建成。
• Howard has eight residence halls for students, including Drew Hall and Cook Hall for first-year men and the Harriet Tubman Quadrangle and College Hall North for first-year women.学校有 8 栋学生宿舍，其中包括供一年级男生住宿的德鲁楼与库克楼，以及供一年级女生住宿的哈丽特·塔布曼方庭与北学堂。
• Howard University Hospital, opened in 1975 on the eastern edge of campus, was built on the site of Griffith Stadium, a former home of baseball and football teams.霍华德大学医院于 1975 年在校园东侧启用，建于原格里菲斯体育场旧址之上，该场地曾是棒球与橄榄球队的主场。
• The campus is home to the commercial radio station WHUR-FM 96.3, the student station WHBC and the public television station WHUT-TV, all part of its media operations.校园内设有商业电台 WHUR-FM 96.3、学生电台 WHBC 与公共电视台 WHUT-TV，构成学校的传媒体系。
• WHUT-TV, founded in 1980, was the first African-American-owned public television station in the United States.WHUT-TV 创办于 1980 年，是美国第一家由非裔美国人拥有的公共电视台。
• WHUR-FM became the birthplace of the quiet storm late-night radio format in 1976, through its student intern Melvin Lindsey.1976 年，WHUR-FM 经由学生实习生梅尔文·林赛之手，成为「静谧风暴」深夜音乐节目形式的发源地。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Howard University is placed in the 1001-1200 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，霍华德大学位列第 1001-1200 位（并列区间）。
• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it is also placed in the 1001-1200 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校同样位列第 1001-1200 位。
• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it is placed 1009th in the world.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位居全球第 1,009 位。
• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it is placed in the 901-1000 band.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，该校位列第 901-1000 位。
• In the 2025 U.S. News national university rankings it was placed 88th, and it was ranked 17th in the nation for social mobility.在 2025 年 US News 全美大学排名中，该校位列第 88 位，并在社会流动性指标上排名全美第 17。
• It is the only historically black university classified as an R1 doctoral research university, a status it received in February 2025.该校是唯一被列为 R1 级博士研究型大学的历史悠久的黑人高校，这一身份于 2025 年 2 月获得。
• By research output, OpenAlex records about 29,183 scholarly works and 1,359,904 citations associated with the university.在科研产出方面，据 OpenAlex 统计，该校累计约有 29,183 篇学术成果与 1,359,904 次被引。
• The university produces the most black doctorate recipients of any American university, and has awarded more than 120,000 degrees in total.该校授予非裔美国人哲学博士学位的数量在美国高校中最多，累计已授予超过 120,000 个学位。
• Its alumni include a vice president of the United States, a Supreme Court justice, seven foreign heads of state and 11 members of the U.S. Congress.其校友包括一位美国副总统、一位最高法院大法官、七位外国国家元首与 11 位美国国会议员。
• Among its alumni are four Rhodes Scholars, 11 Truman Scholars, more than 70 Fulbright Scholars and two Pulitzer Prize winners.其校友中包括 4 位罗德学者、11 位杜鲁门学者、70 多位富布赖特学者与 2 位普利策奖得主。
• It is widely regarded as the leading historically black university in the United States and has been called the capstone of Negro education.该校被普遍视为美国最具代表性的传统黑人大学，并被称为「黑人教育的顶点」。
• Its professional schools, especially law, medicine and business, are ranked among the strongest for African-American students in the country.其专业学院，尤其是法学、医学与商学，在全美面向非裔学生的同类学院中位居前列。

Student life

• The university's motto is "Veritas et Utilitas", meaning truth and service, and service is central to its student culture.该校校训为「真理与服务」，服务精神贯穿其学生文化。
• Its athletics teams, known as the Bison, compete in 19 NCAA Division I sports, mostly in the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference.其运动队以「野牛」为名，参加 19 个 NCAA 一级体育项目，多属中东运动联盟。
• Howard's Homecoming Week, first held in 1924, is one of its most prominent traditions and attracts more than 100,000 attendees each autumn.霍华德的返校节始办于 1924 年，是最具代表性的传统之一，每年秋季吸引超过 10 万人参加。
• Other traditions include Springfest, the Bison Ball and Excellence Awards, and Resfest, in which first-year residents compete in a week of events.其他传统活动包括春季嘉年华、野牛舞会与卓越奖，以及让一年级住宿生参加一周竞赛的住宿节。
• Howard is the founding site of the National Pan-Hellenic Council and of five of its nine Greek letter organisations.霍华德是全国泛希腊理事会及其九个希腊字母社团中五个社团的创立地。
• It is one of only four historically black universities with a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest academic honour society in the United States.该校是美国最古老的学术荣誉学会 Phi Beta Kappa 在传统黑人大学中设有分会的四所之一。
• In February 2024 Howard's Ice Skating Club became the first historically black university organisation to compete in an intercollegiate figure skating competition.2024 年 2 月，霍华德滑冰社成为首个参加校际花样滑冰比赛的传统黑人大学组织。
• The university supports more than 200 registered student organisations, and in 2020 about 82 percent of first-year students received need-based financial aid.学校支持 200 多个注册学生组织；2020 年约有 82% 的一年级学生获得基于经济需求的助学金。
• The Hilltop, founded in 1924 by Zora Neale Hurston, is the university's student newspaper and one of its longest-running student institutions.《山顶》报由佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿于 1924 年创办，是该校的学生报纸，也是历史最悠久的学生机构之一。

Notable people

• Oliver Otis Howard, the Union general for whom the university is named, was its founder and served as its president from 1869 to 1874.奥利弗·霍华德是该校校名所在的联邦军将领，也是创办人，并于 1869 年至 1874 年出任校长。
• Mordecai Wyatt Johnson was Howard's first African-American president, serving from 1926 to 1960.莫迪凯·约翰逊是该校首位非裔美国人校长，任期为 1926 年至 1960 年。
• Alain Locke, the first African-American Rhodes Scholar, chaired the department of philosophy and wrote The New Negro in 1925.阿兰·洛克是首位非裔美国罗德学者，曾任哲学系系主任，并于 1925 年出版《新黑人》。
• Ralph Bunche, who chaired the department of political science, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950, the first person of African descent to do so.拉尔夫·邦奇曾任政治学系系主任，于 1950 年获诺贝尔和平奖，是首位获此奖的非裔人士。
• Thurgood Marshall, an alumnus of the School of Law, became the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court.瑟古德·马歇尔是法学院校友，后来成为美国最高法院首位非裔大法官。
• Toni Morrison, a graduate, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993 and the Pulitzer Prize for her novel Beloved.托妮·莫里森是该校毕业生，于 1993 年获诺贝尔文学奖，并凭小说《宠儿》获普利策奖。
• Kamala Harris, an alumna, became the 49th vice president of the United States in 2021.卡玛拉·哈里斯是该校校友，于 2021 年成为美国第 49 任副总统。
• Zora Neale Hurston, an author and anthropologist, founded the student newspaper The Hilltop in 1924 while studying at Howard.佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿是作家与人类学家，在霍华德求学期间于 1924 年创办学生报纸《山顶》。
• Paul Laurence Dunbar, a poet and novelist, was an early student of the university.保罗·劳伦斯·邓巴是诗人与小说家，是该校的早期学生。
• Chadwick Boseman, an actor and alumnus, led student protests for the fine arts college, which was renamed in his honour in 2021.查德威克·博斯曼是演员、该校校友，曾为学生争取保留艺术学院，该学院于 2021 年以他命名。
• Phylicia Rashad, an actress and alumna, served as dean of the Chadwick A. Boseman College of Fine Arts.菲丽西亚·拉沙德是演员、该校校友，曾任查德威克·博斯曼艺术学院院长。
• Edward W. Brooke III, an alumnus, became the first African-American elected to the United States Senate, and David Dinkins became the 106th mayor of New York City.爱德华·布鲁克是该校校友，成为首位当选美国参议员的非裔美国人；戴维·丁金斯则出任纽约市第 106 任市长。
• Charles Drew, a pioneer of blood banking, and Cathy Hughes, a media entrepreneur, were members of the Howard faculty.血液保存先驱查尔斯·德鲁与传媒企业家凯茜·休斯，都曾是霍华德大学的教师。