Hitotsubashi University

Hitotsubashi University is a public research university in Tokyo, Japan, with campuses at Kunitachi, Kodaira and Chiyoda, and it specialises almost entirely in the social sciences and the humanities.一桥大学是日本东京的一所公立研究型大学，设有国立、小平与千代田三个校区，教学与研究几乎全部集中于社会科学与人文学科领域。

Founded in 1875 as the Institute for Business Training and named Hitotsubashi in 1949, it was Japan's first national university specialising in commerce and now enrols about 6,200 students across four faculties.该校前身是 1875 年创办的商法讲习所，1949 年定名「一桥」，是日本第一所专攻商学的国立大学，现设四个学部，共有约 6,200 名学生。

In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Hitotsubashi is placed 575th globally, Times Higher Education 2027 lists it in the 1001-1200 band, and it did not enter the U.S. News 2026-2027 or ARWU 2026 tables.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，一桥大学位列全球第 575 位，2027 年泰晤士高等教育排名将其列于 1001 至 1200 区间，该校未进入 2026 至 2027 年美国新闻排名与 2026 年软科排名。

History

• In 1875 Arinori Mori, a Meiji statesman who would become Japan's first Minister of Education, established the Institute for Business Training (Shōhō Kōshujo) at Ginza-owarichō in Tokyo.1875 年，后来出任日本首任文部大臣的明治政治家森有礼，在东京银座尾张町创办了商法讲习所（Shōhō Kōshujo）。
• The school's growth was supported by Eiichi Shibusawa and Takashi Masuda, prominent business figures who believed that trained business leaders were essential to national independence.该校的成长得到实业家涩泽荣一与益田孝等知名商界人士的支持，他们认为培养训练有素的商业领袖是国家独立的要务。
• In 1884 it became a national school under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and was renamed the Tokyo Commercial School.1884 年，学校成为农商务省直辖的国立学校，并更名为东京商业学校（Tokyo Commercial School）。
• In 1885 it came under the control of the Ministry of Education, absorbed the Tokyo Foreign Language School and relocated to the Hitotsubashi district near the Imperial Palace.1885 年，学校改隶文部省，并入东京外国语学校，并迁至皇居附近的「一桥」一带。
• In 1887 the status of the Tokyo Commercial School was raised to that of the Higher Commercial School, and the Mercury crest that remains the university's symbol dates from this year.1887 年，东京商业学校升格为高等商业学校（Higher Commercial School），至今作为学校象征的墨丘利校徽即创设于这一年。
• In 1897 the school established affiliated institutions for foreign-language education as it broadened its commercial curriculum.1897 年，学校在拓宽商学课程体系之际，设立了附属的外国语教育机构。
• In 1899 the affiliated foreign-language institutions separated to form the Tokyo School of Foreign Languages, which is today the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, one of Japan's leading language universities.1899 年，附属外国语教育机构分离出来，成立东京外国语学校，即今日的东京外国语大学。
• In 1902 it was renamed the Tokyo Higher Commercial School after another such institution was created in the Kansai region, now Kobe University.1902 年，因关西地区另设同类学校（即后来的神户大学），该校更名为东京高等商业学校。
• In the 1900s plans to merge the institute into the University of Tokyo as its economics department were defeated by alumni and students, an episode known as the Shinyu Incident.20 世纪初，把该校并入东京大学经济系的计划因校友与学生反对而失败，史称「申酉事件」（Shinyu Incident）。
• In 1920 the school was raised to become the Tokyo University of Commerce, the first national university in Japan specialising in commercial studies, and it began awarding degrees in commerce and economics.1920 年，学校升格为东京商科大学（Tokyo University of Commerce），成为日本第一所专攻商学的国立大学。
• In 1927 it moved to Kunitachi and Kodaira in western Tokyo, its present location, on account of the Great Kantō earthquake, and the Kanematsu Auditorium, financed by the trading magnate Kanematsu, was built that year.1927 年，因关东大地震之故，学校迁至东京西部的国立与小平地区，即其现址，兼松讲堂亦于同年建成。
• In 1944 it was renamed the Tokyo University of Industry under the order of the Ministry of Education during the Second World War.1944 年，第二次世界大战期间，学校依文部省命令更名为东京产业大学（Tokyo University of Industry）。
• In 1947 the name was restored to the Tokyo University of Commerce as the wartime designation was reversed.1947 年，随着战时命名被撤销，校名恢复为东京商科大学。
• In 1949 the university adopted the new post-war system and, chosen by a student ballot, took the name Hitotsubashi University, establishing faculties of Commerce, Economics and Law and Social Sciences.1949 年，学校采用战后新学制，并经学生投票采用「一桥大学」之名，设立商学、经济学以及法学与社会科学三个学部。
• In 1951 the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences was divided into a Faculty of Law and a Faculty of Social Science, a structure that survives today.1951 年，法学与社会科学学部分设为法学部与社会科学部，这一结构延续至今。
• In 1962 the legal name was formally changed from Tokyo University of Commerce to Hitotsubashi University, aligning the statute with common usage.1962 年，学校的法定名称正式由东京商科大学变更为一桥大学，使法定名称与通用称法一致。
• In 1996 the university established the Graduate School of Language and Society to broaden its social-science base.1996 年，学校设立语言与社会研究生院，以拓宽其社会科学基础。
• In 1998 it established the Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, which is now part of Hitotsubashi Business School and taught in English.1998 年，学校设立国际企业战略研究生院，该院现属一桥商学院，并以英语授课。
• In 2004 the university was corporatised as a National University Corporation and established a Law School following the introduction of Japan's law school system.2004 年，学校改制为国立法人，并随日本法科大学院制度的引入而设立法科大学院。
• In 2005 the School of International and Public Policy was established to train professionals in public policy and international affairs.2005 年，学校设立国际与公共政策学院，培养公共政策与国际事务领域的专业人才。
• In 2018 it established Hitotsubashi University Business School, was selected as a Designated National University in 2019, and created a School of Social Data Science in 2023.2018 年该校成立一桥商学院，2019 年入选「指定国立大学」，并于 2023 年创办社会数据科学学院。
• As it approached its 150th anniversary in 2025, the university set up the Hitotsubashi University Foundation and a series of commemorative projects.在 2025 年迎来建校 150 周年之际，该校设立了「一桥大学基金会」以及一系列纪念项目。

Academics

• The Faculty of Law was reorganised in 2004 with the introduction of the professional law school, and the Faculty of Social Sciences added a social data science track in 2023.法学院于 2004 年随专业法科大学院的引入而重组，社会科学部也于 2023 年增设社会数据科学方向。
• The university specialises in the social sciences, particularly commerce, economics, law, political science, sociology, social data science and the humanities.该校专精于社会科学，尤其涵盖商学、经济学、法学、政治学、社会学、社会数据科学与人文学科。
• Hitotsubashi has four faculties, Commerce, Economics, Law and Social Sciences, together with six graduate schools, three professional schools and two research institutes.一桥大学设有商学、经济学、法学与社会科学四个学部，另有六个研究生院、三个专业学院与两个研究所。
• It enrols about 4,300 undergraduates and 1,800 graduate and professional students, with some 515 faculty members and about 900 international students as of 2023.截至 2023 年，该校约有 4,300 名本科生、1,800 名研究生与专业学院学生，教师约 515 人，国际学生约 900 人。
• Its small-class seminar system, the zemināru, keeps roughly ten students to one faculty member, a ratio maintained even through the post-war baby boom and regarded as a defining feature of a Hitotsubashi education.其小班研讨课制度（zemināru）大致维持一名教师指导十名学生的比例，这一规模即使在战后婴儿潮时期也得以保持。
• The university's research institutes include the Institute of Economic Research and the Institute of Innovation Research, which support its graduate programmes.该校的研究机构包括经济研究所与创新研究所，二者为其研究生项目提供支撑。
• As of 2007 Hitotsubashi held academic exchange agreements with 84 overseas universities and research institutions, including departmental links in economics, commerce, law and the social sciences.截至 2007 年，一桥大学与 84 所海外大学与研究机构签订了学术交流协议，其中包括院系层面的合作。
• The economics department has a high research standard and was ranked fourth in Japan for economic research during 2005-2009 by the Asahi Shimbun.该校经济系研究水准颇高，据《朝日新闻》统计，2005 至 2009 年间其经济研究在日本排名第四。
• Hitotsubashi has provided seven presidents of the Japanese Economic Association, the second largest number among Japanese universities over the association's history.在日本经济学会的历史上，一桥大学先后出过七位会长，数量在日本各大学中位居第二。
• Three of its researchers are listed among the top ten percent of economists in the RePEc world economist rankings, and its commerce faculty pioneered business education in Japan.该校的三位研究者被列入 RePEc 全球经济学家排名中的前 10%，其商学部则开创了日本的商学教育。
• The Hitotsubashi Business School is one of the few Japanese business schools teaching in English and offers an MBA through its International Corporate Strategy programme.一桥商学院是日本少数以英语授课的商学院之一，并通过国际企业战略项目开设 MBA 课程。
• In 2019 the Hitotsubashi Law School ranked second among all 72 Japanese law schools by the 59.82 percent bar-examination pass ratio of its graduates.2019 年，一桥法科大学院以毕业生 59.82% 的司法考试通过率，在全部 72 所日本法科大学院中排名第二。
• The School of International and Public Policy, established in 2005, offers professional training in public policy and international affairs.2005 年设立的国际与公共政策学院，提供公共政策与国际事务的专业训练。
• Scholarship schemes include an award worth 960,000 yen a year for outstanding students regardless of family finances, plus full or partial tuition waivers.奖学金制度包括每年 96 万日元、不问家庭经济状况而择优发放的学业优秀奖学金，以及全额或部分学费减免。
• Under the Three Universities agreement students may take medical, science and foreign-language courses at partner Tokyo institutions and pursue joint or double degrees.依「三大学联合」协议，学生可在东京的合作院校选修医学、理工与外语课程，并可攻读联合或双学位。
• Exchange programmes send students to Cambridge, Oxford, the London School of Economics and Harvard under funded scholarships each year, supported by alumni donations.交换留学项目每年在校友捐助支持下，资助学生前往剑桥、牛津、伦敦政治经济学院与哈佛等校学习。
• The Graduate School of Language and Society, founded in 1996, and the School of Social Data Science, founded in 2023, extend the university into language and data studies.1996 年成立的语言与社会研究生院与 2023 年创办的社会数据科学学院，将学校的研究延伸到语言与数据领域。
• The university is a designated EU Studies Institute in Tokyo and offers courses taught in English and German as part of its internationalisation strategy.一桥大学是欧盟在东京指定的欧盟研究所（EU Studies Institute），并作为国际化战略的一环开设英语与德语课程。

Campus

• The Kunitachi campus is noted for its tree-lined avenues and its closeness to the Kunitachi and Kokubunji shopping districts of western Tokyo.国立校区以林荫大道著称，并靠近东京西部的国立与小金井商店街。
• Hitotsubashi has campuses at Kunitachi, Kodaira and Chiyoda, the first two dating from its 1927 relocation to western Tokyo after the Great Kantō earthquake.一桥大学设有国立、小平与千代田三个校区，其中前两者源于 1927 年关东大地震后迁往东京西部的举措。
• The main Kunitachi campus in western Tokyo is known for its tree-lined avenue and its position beside Kunitachi railway station on the JR Chūō Line.位于东京西部的主校区国立校区以林荫大道闻名，紧邻 JR 中央线国立车站。
• The Kodaira International Campus, also in western Tokyo, hosts international programmes and student residences for the university's overseas students.同处东京西部的小平国际校区，承载国际项目与供海外学生居住的宿舍。
• The Chiyoda Campus in central Tokyo houses the Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy and the university's business school in the Kanda district.位于东京市中心的千代田校区坐落于神田地区，容纳国际企业战略研究生院与学校的商学院。
• The university's crest features the staff of Mercury, the Roman god of trade, and was created in 1887 with the initials CC standing for Commercial College.该校校徽以罗马商业之神墨丘利（Mercury）的权杖为主体，创设于 1887 年，字母 CC 代表商学院（Commercial College）。
• Kanematsu Auditorium, completed in 1927 when the university moved to Kunitachi, is a historic hall that hosts entrance and graduation ceremonies and concerts.兼松讲堂（Kanematsu Auditorium）于 1927 年学校迁至国立时建成，是一座举办入学、毕业典礼与音乐会的历史性礼堂。
• The Josuikai alumni association building, the Josui Kaikan, stands beside the graduate business school in Kanda, in central Tokyo.校友会「如水会」的会馆——如水会馆（Josui Kaikan），位于东京市中心神田，紧邻研究生商学院。
• The campus sits in the Tama area of western Tokyo, giving students access to the Kunitachi academic town and, by rail, to the centre of the metropolis.校区位于东京西部的多摩地区，学生既可身处国立大学城，又可搭火车前往东京都市中心。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Hitotsubashi University is placed 575th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，一桥大学位列全球第 575 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university in the 1001-1200 band globally.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列入全球 1001 至 1200 区间。
• Hitotsubashi did not enter the U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026-2027, reflecting its small size and social-science focus.一桥大学未进入 2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻最佳全球大学排名，这与其规模偏小、专注社会科学的定位相符。
• It also did not enter the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026, the Shanghai ranking, which emphasises science output.该校亦未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名（上海排名），该榜单偏重理工科产出。
• The university is consistently ranked among the most prestigious in Japan and is one of the highest-ranked national universities outside the National Seven Universities.该校长期位居日本最具声望的大学之列，也是「旧帝大」七校之外排名最高的国立大学之一。
• Nikkei Shimbun ranks the Hitotsubashi Business School second in Japan, and Eduniversal placed it third in Japan and 100th in the world.《日本经济新闻》将一桥商学院列为日本第二，Eduniversal 则将其列为日本第三、全球第 100 位。
• Hitotsubashi ranked 25th in the world in 2011 for the number of its alumni among chief executives of the 500 largest global companies, according to Mines ParisTech.据巴黎矿业学院（Mines ParisTech）排名，2011 年一桥大学在全球 500 强企业首席执行官出身校中位居第 25 位。
• In 2019 the Hitotsubashi Law School placed second among Japanese law schools on the bar-examination pass ratio, reflecting strong legal training.2019 年，一桥法科大学院在司法考试通过率上位居日本法科大学院第二，反映其扎实的法律训练。
• In the QS World University Rankings 2025 the university was placed 539th, with particularly high evaluations in economics and business management.在 2025 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列第 539 位，其中经济学与商业管理领域评价尤高。
• Hitotsubashi's economics department was ranked fourth in Japan for economic research during 2005-2009, and seven of its scholars have led the Japanese Economic Association.2005 至 2009 年间，一桥经济系的经济研究在日本排名第四，其七位学者曾出任日本经济学会会长。

Student life

• The university's slogan is Captains of Industry, taken from Thomas Carlyle's book Past and Present, reflecting its long-standing aim to educate business leaders.该校的口号是「Captains of Industry」（业界领袖），取自托马斯·卡莱尔的著作《过去与现在》，体现其培养商业领袖的长期宗旨。
• The university song is the Song of Hitotsubashi, also known as Musashino Fukaki, performed at major ceremonies and gatherings of the alumni association.该校校歌为《一桥大学之歌》，又称「Musashino Fukaki」，在重大典礼与校友会活动上演唱。
• The Josuikai alumni association was founded on 14 November 1914 and, named by Eiichi Shibusawa after a line in the Book of Rites, has supported the university ever since.如水会校友会于 1914 年 11 月 14 日成立，由涩泽荣一取《礼记》「君子之交淡如水」之意命名，此后一直支持母校。
• The Ichō Festival, the annual campus festival, traces its origins to the pre-war Tokyo Higher Commercial School and became the Hitotsubashi Festival after 1949.每年一度的校园节「一桥祭」（Ichō Festival）源自战前东京高等商业学校的传统，1949 年后定名为一桥祭。
• Kanematsu Auditorium, completed in 1927 with the move to Kunitachi, hosts the university's entrance and graduation ceremonies.兼松讲堂随 1927 年迁校国立而建成，是举行入学与毕业典礼的场所。
• Hitotsubashi maintains a small-group seminar culture in which third- and fourth-year students concentrate on a single professor's seminar and often stay in touch after graduation.一桥大学维持小班研讨文化，三、四年级学生集中接受同一位教授的研讨课指导，毕业后往往仍保持联系。
• The university hosted about 900 international students from 52 countries and regions in 2023, accounting for around 14 percent of the student body.2023 年该校接纳了来自 52 个国家和地区的约 900 名国际学生，约占学生总数的 14%。
• Its alumni association runs overseas exchange scholarships that cover full tuition, travel and living costs for more than 40 students each year.其校友会设立海外派遣留学奖学金，每年全额资助 40 多名学生的学费、旅费与生活费。
• Clubs and circles span sports, music, debate and academic societies, and the university's baseball and rowing teams compete in inter-university competitions.社团与同好会涵盖体育、音乐、辩论与学术等领域，该校的棒球与赛艇队参加校际比赛。
• Hitotsubashi's entrance difficulty is usually considered among the hardest in Japan, alongside the University of Tokyo, Kyoto University and Tokyo Institute of Technology among roughly 180 national and public universities.一桥大学的入学难度通常被视为日本最难的几所之一，与东京大学、京都大学及东京工业大学齐名。

Notable people

• Arinori Mori, a Meiji-era statesman who became Japan's first Minister of Education, founded the Institute for Business Training in 1875.明治时期政治家、日本首任文部大臣森有礼于 1875 年创办商法讲习所。
• Eiichi Shibusawa, often called the father of Japanese capitalism, supported the school's growth and named its alumni association, the Josuikai, in 1914.被誉为「日本资本主义之父」的涩泽荣一支持该校发展，并于 1914 年为校友会取名「如水会」。
• Takashi Masuda, who built the Mitsui trading house's commercial empire, was another early patron of the school.缔造三井物产商业帝国的益田孝，也是该校早期的赞助人之一。
• Joseph Schumpeter, the Austrian economist famous for the theory of creative destruction, was a visiting professor at Hitotsubashi in 1931.以「创造性破坏」理论闻名的奥地利经济学家约瑟夫·熊彼特，于 1931 年在一桥大学担任访问教授。
• Masayoshi Ōhira, the 68th and 69th prime minister of Japan from 1978 to 1980, was a graduate of the university.1978 至 1980 年出任日本第 68、69 任内阁总理大臣的大平正芳，是该校毕业生。
• Baek Du-jin, the fourth prime minister of South Korea from 1952 to 1953, and Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal, prime minister of Mongolia from 1999 to 2000, also studied at Hitotsubashi.1952 至 1953 年任韩国第四任国务总理的白斗镇，以及 1999 至 2000 年任蒙古国总理的阿玛尔扎尔嘎勒，亦曾就读一桥大学。
• Hiroshi Mikitani, founder and chief executive of Rakuten, and Tatsumi Kimishima, a former president of Nintendo, are alumni of the university.乐天集团创办人兼首席执行官三木谷浩史，以及任天堂前社长君岛达己，均为该校校友。
• Rizaburo Toyoda, the first president of Toyota Motor, and Masaru Hayami, a former governor of the Bank of Japan, graduated from the university.丰田汽车首任社长丰田利三郎，以及日本银行前总裁速水优，均毕业于该校。
• Haruhiko Kuroda, former governor of the Bank of Japan, taught at Hitotsubashi's Graduate School of Economics before leading the central bank.日本银行前总裁黑田东彦曾在出任央行行长之前，于一桥大学经济研究生院任教。
• Ikujiro Nonaka, professor emeritus and a member of the Japan Academy, developed the influential theory of tacit knowledge.名誉教授、日本学士院会员野中郁次郎提出了影响深远的隐性知识理论。
• Mau-sheng Lee, a professor at the College of Law of National Taiwan University, is a Chinese-related alumnus of the university.国立台湾大学法律学院教授李茂生，是与华人相关的该校校友。
• Kotaro Suzumura, a professor emeritus and Person of Cultural Merit, and Takatoshi Ito of Columbia University are among its distinguished economists.名誉教授、文化功劳者铃村兴太郎，以及哥伦比亚大学的伊藤隆敏，均为该校杰出的经济学者。
• Michio Watanabe, a former deputy prime minister and foreign minister of Japan, and Shintaro Ishihara, a former governor of Tokyo, were also alumni.日本前副首相兼外务大臣渡边美智雄与前东京都知事石原慎太郎，也是该校校友。