Heriot-Watt University

Heriot-Watt University is a public research university based mainly in Edinburgh, Scotland, in the United Kingdom, and it also operates campuses in the Scottish Borders, Orkney, Dubai and Malaysia.赫瑞瓦特大学是一所公立研究型大学，主校区位于英国苏格兰爱丁堡，并在苏格兰边境、奥克尼、迪拜与马来西亚设有校区。

It is placed 325th in the QS World University Rankings 2027, in the 451–500 band of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, 1090th in the US News Best Global Universities 2026–2027, and in the 701–800 band of the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026.它在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 325 位，在 2027 年《泰晤士高等教育》世界大学排名中处于 451–500 区间，在 2026–2027 年《美国新闻与世界报道》全球最佳大学排名中位列第 1090 位，在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中处于 701–800 区间。

Founded in 1821 as the School of Arts of Edinburgh, it is one of the oldest higher education institutions in the United Kingdom and enrols around 27,000 students from more than 150 countries across its five campuses.该校于 1821 年以「爱丁堡艺术学院」之名创办，是英国历史最悠久的高等学府之一，在五个校区共招收了来自 150 多个国家的约 2.7 万名学生。

History

• Heriot-Watt University traces its origins to the School of Arts of Edinburgh, which was founded on 16 October 1821 by Leonard Horner and is regarded as the world's first mechanics' institute.赫瑞瓦特大学源于「爱丁堡艺术学院」，该学院由伦纳德·霍纳于 1821 年 10 月 16 日创办，被视为世界上第一所机械学院。
• The institution was one of the earliest providers of technical education in Britain and is the eighth-oldest higher education institution in the United Kingdom, predating many Victorian universities.该校是英国最早提供技术教育的机构之一，也是英国历史第八悠久的高等学府，其历史早于许多维多利亚时代的大学。
• It was named in honour of two figures, the engineer James Watt, a pioneer of the steam engine, and George Heriot, a seventeenth-century philanthropist and financier to King James VI of Scotland, whose arms are combined in the university's coat of arms.该校以两位人物命名：蒸汽机先驱、工程师詹姆斯·瓦特，以及 17 世纪苏格兰国王詹姆斯六世的慈善家兼金融家乔治·赫里奥特，二者的纹章元素共同构成该校校徽。
• The school held lectures two evenings a week and maintained a library of about 500 technical works, charging its students 15 shillings a year for instruction in the sciences and arts.学院每周两个晚上授课，并维持着一个约 500 册技术书籍的图书馆，每年向学生收取 15 先令的学费，用于科学与艺术的教学。
• A board of eighteen directors managed the school, and early supporters included the lighthouse engineer Robert Stevenson and the novelist Walter Scott, who helped sustain its work.学院由 18 名董事组成的管理委员会管理，早期支持者包括灯塔工程师罗伯特·史蒂文森与小说家沃尔特·司各特，他们帮助维系了学院的运作。
• In 1824 the school strengthened its association with James Watt, whose name it later adopted to inspire its mainly working-class students and to honour his engineering achievements.1824 年，学院加强了与詹姆斯·瓦特的联系，并在此后采用其名字，以激励以工人阶级为主的学员，并纪念他的工程成就。
• The School of Arts moved to Adam Square in 1837, and the building was purchased outright in 1851 before the institution was renamed the Watt Institution and School of Arts in 1852.学院于 1837 年迁至亚当广场，1851 年买下该建筑，并在 1852 年更名为「瓦特学院与艺术学院」。
• A statue of James Watt was added in 1854, the same year the Watt Club was founded on 12 May, an alumni organisation that is still the oldest of its kind in the United Kingdom.1854 年增添了詹姆斯·瓦特的雕像，同年 5 月 12 日「瓦特俱乐部」成立，这一校友组织至今仍是英国同类组织中历史最悠久的。
• In 1869 women were permitted to attend the school's lectures, an unusually early step for a technical institution of that era and a sign of its progressive outlook.1869 年，学院允许女性听课，这在当时的技术教育机构中是相当早的一步，也体现了其进步的教育理念。
• Adam Square was demolished in 1870, and in 1871 the institution moved to new premises on Chambers Street in central Edinburgh, closer to the city's academic institutions.亚当广场于 1870 年被拆除，1871 年学院迁至爱丁堡市中心钱伯斯街的新址，更靠近该市的其他学术机构。
• In 1873 the school came under the trustees of George Heriot's Trust, and in 1885 it was renamed Heriot-Watt College, combining the names of its two benefactors.1873 年，学院归入乔治·赫里奥特信托基金会的受托人管理，并于 1885 年更名为「赫瑞瓦特学院」，将两位资助者的名字合而为一。
• The first professor was appointed in 1887, and in 1902 the college was designated a central institution, giving it a distinctive role in Scottish technical education.首位教授于 1887 年获聘，1902 年学院被指定为「中央学院」，从而在苏格兰技术教育中承担独特的角色。
• In 1904 the college introduced a system of awards and diplomas that recognised the achievements of its students and formalised its teaching standards.1904 年，学院引入了表彰学生成就、并使教学标准规范化的奖项与文凭制度。
• The college gained independence through an Act of Parliament in 1927, which gave it control of its own affairs, its property and its finances.学院于 1927 年通过一项议会法案获得独立，得以掌控自身事务、财产与财务。
• The First and Second World Wars disrupted teaching, and the college contributed to wartime training and research during both conflicts.第一次与第二次世界大战扰乱了教学，学院在两次冲突期间都为战时培训与研究作出了贡献。
• In 1951 the college introduced its first postgraduate award, marking a decisive shift towards advanced study and research in its academic mission.1951 年，学院设立了首个研究生奖项，标志着其学术使命向高级教学与研究的方向发生决定性转变。
• Following the Robbins Report of 1963, which recommended the expansion of higher education, Heriot-Watt became a university on 1 February 1966.1963 年的《罗宾斯报告》建议扩大高等教育规模，赫瑞瓦特据此于 1966 年 2 月 1 日升格为大学。
• The university received its Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth II on 4 March 1966, formally establishing it as Heriot-Watt University with the power to award its own degrees.该校于 1966 年 3 月 4 日获得女王伊丽莎白二世颁发的皇家特许状，正式确立为赫瑞瓦特大学，并获授自主授予学位的权力。
• In 1966 the Midlothian County Council gifted the Riccarton estate to the university, and work on the new Edinburgh campus began there in 1969.1966 年，中洛锡安郡议会将里卡顿庄园赠予该校，新爱丁堡校区于 1969 年在此动工。
• The relocation to Riccarton proceeded in stages and was completed in 1992, when the university finally left its city-centre buildings for the purpose-built campus.迁往里卡顿的过程分阶段推进，最终于 1992 年完成，该校至此彻底迁离市中心的老建筑，进入专门建造的校园。
• A research park opened at Riccarton in 1971 and is described as the oldest research park in Europe, hosting companies alongside the university.里卡顿的研究园于 1971 年启用，被称为欧洲历史最悠久的研究园，除大学外还容纳了多家企业。
• In 1998 the university merged with the Scottish College of Textiles in Galashiels, giving it a campus in the Scottish Borders and a long tradition in textile education.1998 年，该校与位于加拉希尔斯的苏格兰纺织学院合并，从而在苏格兰边境获得了一个校区，并继承了纺织教育的悠久传统。
• Heriot-Watt opened a campus in Dubai in 2005 and another in Putrajaya in Malaysia in September 2014, becoming a genuinely international university.该校于 2005 年开办迪拜校区，并于 2014 年 9 月在马来西亚布城开办另一校区，成为一所真正国际化的大学。
• In 2017 the university announced around 100 job losses through voluntary redundancies as it adjusted to financial pressures, a period it has since moved beyond.2017 年，该校宣布通过自愿裁员削减约 100 个岗位，以应对财政压力，此后已逐步走出这一阶段。

Academics

• Heriot-Watt University is organised into academic schools that cover engineering, the physical sciences, mathematics and computing, the built environment, textiles and the social sciences.赫瑞瓦特大学下设多个学术学院，涵盖工程、物理科学、数学与计算、建成环境、纺织以及社会科学。
• Its schools include Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Engineering and Physical Sciences, Mathematical and Computer Sciences, and Social Sciences.其学院包括能源、地球科学、基础设施与社会学院，工程与物理科学学院，数学与计算机科学学院，以及社会科学学院。
• The Edinburgh Business School offers management education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels and has a strong international reputation in business and finance.爱丁堡商学院在本科与研究生层面提供管理教育，在商学与金融领域享有较强的国际声誉。
• Global College provides degree-entry foundation programmes that prepare international students for the university's taught degrees and ease their transition to study in Britain.「全球学院」提供学位衔接的预科课程，为国际学生升读该校的授课型学位做准备，并帮助他们更顺利地适应在英国的学习。
• The university enrolled around 27,000 students from 154 countries in the 2020s, making it one of the most internationally diverse institutions in the United Kingdom.该校在 2020 年代招收了来自 154 个国家的约 2.7 万名学生，是英国国际化程度最高的高校之一。
• About one third of its on-campus students in Scotland come from outside the United Kingdom, reflecting its strongly global intake.其在苏格兰的在校学生中约有三分之一来自英国以外，反映出其高度全球化的招生格局。
• In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, 86.8 per cent of the university's research was rated world-leading or internationally excellent.在 2021 年「研究卓越框架」评估中，该校 86.8% 的研究被评为世界领先或国际优秀。
• The university reported an income of £293.9 million and research grants of £52.3 million for the financial year 2024–2025.该校公布 2024–2025 财年收入为 2.939 亿英镑，研究经费为 5230 万英镑。
• Heriot-Watt runs a joint master's programme in strategic project management with the Politecnico di Milano and Umeå University under a European partnership.赫瑞瓦特大学与米兰理工大学和于默奥大学在欧洲合作框架下开设战略项目管理联合硕士项目。
• Its Dubai campus was the first campus of a British university established in Dubai and has received five-star ratings from the Dubai education authority.其迪拜校区是英国大学在迪拜设立的首个校区，并获得了迪拜教育主管部门的五星评级。
• The Malaysia campus in Putrajaya opened in 2014 and was designed as the university's first green campus, costing about £35 million on a compact site.位于布城的马来西亚校区于 2014 年启用，被设计为该校首个绿色校园，在一块紧凑的用地上耗资约 3500 万英镑。
• The Orkney campus in Stromness houses the International Centre for Island Technology, which focuses on marine and renewable energy research in the islands.位于斯特罗姆内斯的奥克尼校区设有「岛屿技术国际中心」，着重于群岛地区的海洋与可再生能源研究。
• The university's research strengths include engineering, energy, photonics, the built environment and actuarial science, supported by industry partnerships.该校的研究优势领域包括工程、能源、光子学、建成环境与精算学，并得到产业合作的支持。
• The OpenAlex scholarly index records more than 46,000 works and about 2.1 million citations associated with Heriot-Watt University and its researchers.OpenAlex 学术索引记录显示，与赫瑞瓦特大学及其研究人员相关的成果超过 4.6 万项、引用量约 210 万次。
• Heriot-Watt works with industry partners in energy and engineering and opened the £33 million Oriam sports performance centre at Riccarton in 2016.赫瑞瓦特大学与能源与工程领域的产业伙伴合作，并于 2016 年在里卡顿启用了造价 3300 万英镑的 Oriam 运动表现中心。
• The university's teaching is supported by more than fifty approved learning partners around the world, extending its reach internationally.该校的教学由全球 50 多个经认可的学习伙伴支持，使其影响延伸至国际范围。
• Its research is organised through its schools and institutes, including the Urban Institute, established jointly with the University of Edinburgh to study cities.其研究通过各学院与研究所开展，其中包括与爱丁堡大学联合设立、专门研究城市的「城市研究所」。
• Heriot-Watt offers degrees across engineering, science, business, design and the social sciences at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.赫瑞瓦特大学在本科与研究生层面开设工程、科学、商学、设计与社会科学的学位项目。

Campus

• Heriot-Watt University has five campuses, in Edinburgh, the Scottish Borders, Orkney, Dubai and Malaysia, spread across two continents.赫瑞瓦特大学拥有五个校区，分别位于爱丁堡、苏格兰边境、奥克尼、迪拜与马来西亚，横跨两大洲。
• The main Edinburgh campus at Riccarton covers about 380 acres on the western outskirts of the city and contains most of the university's teaching and research buildings.位于里卡顿的爱丁堡主校区占地约 380 英亩，位于该市西郊，容纳了该校大多数教学与研究建筑。
• Riccarton contains the university's academic buildings, its research park and the Oriam sports centre, and is served by good road and bus links.里卡顿校区容纳了该校的教学建筑、研究园与 Oriam 运动中心，并享有良好的公路与公交连接。
• The Scottish Borders campus in Galashiels specialises in textiles and design and dates from the merger with the Scottish College of Textiles.位于加拉希尔斯的苏格兰边境校区专攻纺织与设计，源自与苏格兰纺织学院的合并。
• The Orkney campus in Stromness is home to the International Centre for Island Technology and focuses on marine and renewable energy research.位于斯特罗姆内斯的奥克尼校区是「岛屿技术国际中心」所在地，侧重海洋与可再生能源研究。
• The Dubai campus, opened in 2005, was the first campus of a British university in Dubai and moved to Dubai Knowledge Park in 2021, where it was opened by King Charles III in November 2023.2005 年开办的迪拜校区是英国大学在迪拜的首个校区，并于 2021 年迁入迪拜知识园，2023 年 11 月由国王查理三世为其揭幕。
• The Malaysia campus in Putrajaya opened in September 2014 and is the university's first purpose-built green campus.位于布城的马来西亚校区于 2014 年 9 月启用，是该大学首个专门建造的绿色校园。
• The university's Riccarton research park, opened in 1971, is described as the oldest of its kind in Europe and houses technology companies and spin-outs.该校于 1971 年启用的里卡顿研究园，被称为欧洲同类研究园中历史最悠久的，内设科技企业与衍生公司。
• Heriot-Watt's Edinburgh campus was built in stages, with construction beginning in 1969 and the move from the city centre completed in 1992.赫瑞瓦特的爱丁堡校区分期建设，1969 年动工，直至 1992 年才完成从市中心的搬迁。

Reputation

• Heriot-Watt University is ranked among the leading universities in the United Kingdom and appears in the major global ranking tables.赫瑞瓦特大学位列英国领先大学之列，并出现在各大全球排名榜单中。
• Its motto, expressed in English, is 'Leaders in ideas and solutions', a phrase that reflects the applied and problem-solving character of its teaching.其校训以英文表述为「Leaders in ideas and solutions」，这一措辞体现了其教学注重应用与解决问题的特质。
• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 it was placed 325th, and in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it fell in the 451–500 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中它位列第 325 位，而在 2027 年《泰晤士高等教育》世界大学排名中则处于 451–500 区间。
• The US News Best Global Universities 2026–2027 placed it 1090th, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 placed it in the 701–800 band.《美国新闻与世界报道》2026–2027 年全球最佳大学排名将其列为第 1090 位，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名则将其置于 701–800 区间。
• In the QS World University Rankings 2024 it was ranked 32nd in the United Kingdom, reflecting its strong standing nationally.在 2024 年 QS 世界大学排名中，它在英国国内位列第 32 位，反映出其在国内的强劲地位。
• It was named International University of the Year by the Times and Sunday Times in 2018 and Scottish University of the Year in 2011 and 2012.该校于 2018 年被《泰晤士报》与《星期日泰晤士报》评为「年度国际大学」，并于 2011 年和 2012 年被评为「年度苏格兰大学」。
• The university was rated first in Scotland and fourth in the United Kingdom in the National Student Survey of 2012.在 2012 年的「全国学生调查」中，该校在苏格兰排名第一、在全英排名第四。
• In the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, 86.8 per cent of its research was assessed as world-leading or internationally excellent.在 2021 年「研究卓越框架」评估中，其 86.8% 的研究被评为世界领先或国际优秀。
• OpenAlex records more than 46,000 works and about 2.1 million citations associated with the university, showing a solid research footprint.OpenAlex 记录显示，与该大学相关的成果超过 4.6 万项、引用量约 210 万次，显示出扎实的研究基础。
• Its Dubai campus was named the best university in the region by Forbes Middle East in 2019 and holds five-star ratings from the Dubai education authority.其迪拜校区于 2019 年被《福布斯》中东版评为该地区最佳大学，并持有迪拜教育主管部门的五星评级。

Student life

• Heriot-Watt University Students' Union, founded in 1966, represents students and supports clubs and societies across its five campuses.赫瑞瓦特大学学生会成立于 1966 年，代表学生并支持其五个校区的俱乐部与社团。
• The union is a member of the National Union of Students and hosts more than fifty societies, including an award-winning brewing society.该学生会是全国学生联合会的成员，运营 50 多个社团，其中包括屡获奖项的酿酒社团。
• In 2018 the union won awards from NUS Scotland for its work on student engagement and representation across the university.2018 年，该学生会因其在全校学生参与与权益代表方面的工作而获得 NUS Scotland 颁发的奖项。
• The university's Sports Union oversees about 35 clubs covering team sports, fitness and outdoor activities for students of all abilities.该校的体育联合会管理约 35 个俱乐部，为各种水平的学生提供团队运动、健身与户外活动。
• The £33 million Oriam centre at Riccarton provides sports facilities for students as well as the wider community, and is a national sports venue.里卡顿造价 3300 万英镑的 Oriam 中心为学生以及更广泛的社区提供体育设施，也是一处全国性的体育场馆。
• Students across the Edinburgh, Scottish Borders, Orkney, Dubai and Malaysia campuses take part in a wide range of social and cultural activities.爱丁堡、苏格兰边境、奥克尼、迪拜与马来西亚各校区的学生参与广泛的社交与文化活动。
• The Dubai and Malaysia campuses maintain their own student societies and events alongside those in Scotland, reflecting the university's international reach.迪拜与马来西亚校区在苏格兰各校区之外，也维持着各自的学生社团与活动，反映出该校的国际影响。
• The university's international student community, drawn from 154 countries, gives campus life a distinctly global character.该校来自 154 个国家的国际学生群体，赋予校园生活鲜明的全球化特色。
• Freshers' events, society fairs and sports fixtures fill a busy calendar for the university's 27,000 students throughout the academic year.新生迎新活动、社团招新集市与体育赛事，为该校 2.7 万名学生在整个学年中填满了繁忙的日程。

Notable people

• Theodore S. Clerk, the first Ghanaian architect, planned the new city of Tema and studied at Heriot-Watt before returning to work in Ghana.加纳首位建筑师西奥多·S·克拉克规划了新城特马，曾在赫瑞瓦特求学，后返回加纳工作。
• Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, the architect responsible for the Eden Project, studied at the university and later served as president of the Royal Academy.负责「伊甸园工程」的建筑师尼古拉斯·格里姆肖爵士曾在该校就读，后出任皇家学院院长。
• Sir Robert Matthew, who founded the architecture practice RMJM and designed the Royal Commonwealth Pool, was a graduate of the institution.创立建筑事务所 RMJM 并设计皇家英联邦泳池的罗伯特·马修爵士，是该校的毕业生。
• Sir Basil Spence, the architect of Coventry Cathedral and the Beehive in Wellington, New Zealand, studied at Heriot-Watt College.考文垂大教堂与新西兰惠灵顿「蜂巢」议会大厦的建筑师巴兹尔·斯彭斯爵士曾在赫瑞瓦特学院就读。
• Douglas Stuart, the novelist who won the Booker Prize in 2020 for Shuggie Bain, is a graduate of the university.凭《Shuggie Bain》于 2020 年获得布克奖的小说家道格拉斯·斯图尔特，是该校的毕业生。
• Irvine Welsh, the author of Trainspotting, studied at the university before his career as a novelist and screenwriter.《Trainspotting》的作者欧文·威尔士在成为小说家与编剧前曾在该校就读。
• Dame Muriel Spark, the novelist best known for The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, was associated with the institution.以《The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie》著称的小说家缪丽尔·斯帕克女爵士，与该校有所关联。
• Sir Chris Whitty, England's chief medical adviser, studied at Heriot-Watt before embarking on his medical and public health career.英格兰首席医疗顾问克里斯·惠蒂爵士在开始其医学与公共卫生事业前曾在赫瑞瓦特就读。
• James Nasmyth, the inventor of the steam hammer, was among the institution's early students in the nineteenth century.蒸汽锤的发明者詹姆斯·内史密斯，是该机构 19 世纪的早期学员之一。
• Hassan Ali Khaire, a former Prime Minister of Somalia, and Henry McLeish, a former First Minister of Scotland, are both alumni.索马里前总理哈桑·阿里·海尔与苏格兰前首席部长亨利·麦克利什，都是该校校友。
• Bernie Grant, the first Afro-Caribbean member of the British Parliament, and Graham Watson, a former Member of the European Parliament, studied at the university.英国议会首位非裔加勒比议员伯尼·格兰特与欧洲议会前议员格雷厄姆·沃森，都曾在该校就读。
• Shirley Robertson, a double Olympic gold medallist in sailing, and Sir Geoff Palmer, a leading brewing scientist, are also associated with Heriot-Watt.帆船项目双料奥运金牌得主雪莉·罗伯逊与知名酿造科学家杰夫·帕尔默爵士，也与赫瑞瓦特有所关联。