Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf

Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, abbreviated HHU and known in German as Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, is a public university in the Bilk district of Düsseldorf in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, serving a metropolitan region on the Rhine that is among the most densely populated parts of the country.海因里希·海涅大学杜塞尔多夫（缩写 HHU，德语称 Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf），是德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州杜塞尔多夫比尔克区的一所公立大学，服务于莱茵河畔全国人口最为稠密的都会区域之一。

It descends from the Düsseldorf Academy for Practical Medicine of 1907, was elevated into a university in 1965, opened formally on 1 January 1966, and has been named after the poet Heinrich Heine, a son of the city born in 1797, since 1988.该校源自 1907 年的杜塞尔多夫实用医学专科学院，1965 年被升格为大学，1966 年 1 月 1 日正式成立，并自 1988 年起以 1797 年出生于此城的诗人海因里希·海涅命名。

Organised in five faculties since 1993, the university today registers more than 36,000 full-time students and employs roughly 3,600 academic and non-academic staff, making it one of the larger universities of the Land.自 1993 年起下设五个学部，如今注册全日制学生逾 36,000 人，雇用约 3,600 名学术与行政人员，使它成为该州规模较大的大学之一。

History

• Düsseldorf's long wish for a medical school, traceable to the seventeenth century, was first realised in 1907 with the founding of the Academy for Practical Medicine alongside a newly built municipal hospital, initially meant only to retrain hospital physicians.杜塞尔多夫自 17 世纪便渴望设立医学院，这一愿望直到 1907 年才随新建市立医院同时创办实用医学专科学院而初步实现，该院起初仅用于对医院医生进行继续教育。

• In 1919 the academy briefly opened formal teaching to give medical training to veterans of the First World War, and after this experiment Prussia and the city signed a 1923 agreement converting the academy into a school that trained medical students in the regular sense.1919 年，专科学院短暂开设正式教学，为第一次世界大战退伍军人提供医疗培训；试验阶段结束后，普鲁士与杜塞尔多夫市于 1923 年签订协议，将其改制为正规培养医科学生的学校。

• After the Second World War the medical faculty was rebuilt, and the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia took the institution over from the municipality on 3 July 1962, pledging sustained financial support.第二次世界大战后医学院得到重建，北莱茵-威斯特法伦州于 1962 年 7 月 3 日从杜塞尔多夫市手中接管该校，并承诺提供持续的经费支持。

• On that footing the state resolved in 1965 to elevate the medical faculty into a full university by attaching a combined Faculty of Natural Sciences and Arts and Humanities, so the founding decision dates from 1965 while the university itself opened formally on 1 January 1966.在此基础上，州当局于 1965 年决定将医学院升格为完整大学，并增设一个自然科学与哲学人文联合学部，因此创校决定属于 1965 年，而大学本身则于 1966 年 1 月 1 日正式成立。

• The public inauguration ceremony was held on 14 February 1966, at which the university consisted of the medical faculty and a single combined faculty of natural sciences and philosophy.公开的成立典礼于 1966 年 2 月 14 日举行，开学时学校仅由医学系和一个自然科学与哲学的联合学部组成。

• Only four years later, in 1969, that combined faculty was split into two separate bodies, creating the Faculty of Arts and Humanities and the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.仅仅四年后的 1969 年，这个联合学部被拆分为两个独立机构，分别成立哲学人文系和数学与自然科学系。

• Construction of the purpose-built campus in the Bilk district of southern Düsseldorf was completed through the 1970s, and a modern combined university and state library opened to the public in 1979.位于杜塞尔多夫南部比尔克区、专门兴建的校园在 20 世纪 70 年代陆续竣工，一座现代化的大学与州立图书馆合署建筑于 1979 年向公众开放。

• A university sports centre followed in the 1980/81 academic year, rounding out the facilities of what was then still an institution without a patron's name.一所大学体育中心于 1980 至 1981 学年随之落成，使这所当时尚无冠名者的学校设施趋于完备。

• The poet after whom the university is now named, Heinrich Heine, was born in Düsseldorf in 1797, and his admirers first proposed honouring him by naming the local university after him while the new campus was still being finished.大学如今命名的诗人海因里希·海涅于 1797 年出生在杜塞尔多夫，早在校园尚未完工之际，他的景仰者便提议以他的名字为这所大学命名。

• That proposal provoked years of protest from opponents who dismissed Heine as a Jewish writer whose work they rejected as un-German, and the dispute over the name dragged on for more than twenty-three years.这一提议遭到反对者长年抗议，他们视海涅为犹太人，认定其作品“非德意志”而加以拒绝，围绕校名的争论拖延了二十多年。

• After this long quarrel the previously nameless university was finally christened Heinrich Heine University on 20 December 1988, although some English-language accounts date the naming to 1989.经过这场旷日持久的争论，这所此前无名无姓的大学终于在 1988 年 12 月 20 日被正式命名为海因里希·海涅大学，惟部分英文材料将命名年份记为 1989 年。

• The renaming marked the start of a deliberate effort to open the campus university towards the city of Düsseldorf and its citizens.更名标志着一项刻意努力的开端，即把这所校园型大学向杜塞尔多夫城市与市民开放。

• The Faculty of Business Administration and Economics opened in 1990, completing the post-medical expansion that had begun in the natural sciences and humanities.经济与管理学院于 1990 年开学，完成了始于自然科学与人文领域、由医学部之后延续而来的扩张。

• The Faculty of Law followed in 1993, and from that year onward the university has been organised in the five faculties it still maintains today.法学院于 1993 年随后成立，自该年起学校一直按今日仍保留的五个学部来组织。

• Autonomy from the state ministries was codified in the Higher Education Autonomy Act of 31 October 2006, which sets out the powers of the president's office and the university council.大学摆脱州各部委的自治程度在 2006 年 10 月 31 日颁布的高等教育自治法中被明确规定，该法界定了校长办公室与大学理事会的职权。

• The first University Council was inaugurated in October 2007, establishing an oversight body made up of three internal and five external members.首届大学理事会于 2007 年 10 月就职，据此设立了一个由三名校内成员和五名校外成员组成的监督机构。

• Professor Michael Piper, a physiologist, served as president from October 2008 until 2014, steering the university through its transition to full institutional autonomy.生理学教授米夏埃尔·皮珀于 2008 年 10 月至 2014 年担任校长，主持学校完成了向完全机构自治的过渡。

• Professor Anja Steinbeck has held the office of president since November 2014, leading the university in the years of its expanded research profile.安雅·施泰因贝克教授自 2014 年 11 月起出任校长，在科研格局扩展的这些年里执掌学校。

• Under the same autonomy reforms the rectorate was reconstituted as a president's office of one president, four vice-presidents and a chancellor, replacing the older single-rector model.在同一轮自治改革中，校行政被重组为由一名校长、四名副校长和一名行政总监组成的校长办公室，取代了以往单一校长的模式。

• In 2012 the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments awarded the Cluster of Excellence CEPLAS to a consortium led by HHU with the University of Cologne, the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research and Forschungszentrum Jülich.2012 年，德国联邦与各州政府设立的卓越计划，将植物科学卓越集群 CEPLAS 授予一个以本校为首、联合科隆大学、马克斯·普朗克植物育种研究所和于利希研究中心组成的联盟。

• By the early 2010s twelve HHU researchers in the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences had secured grants from the European Research Council, and the university was then taking part in 23 projects under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme.到 2010 年代初期，数学与自然科学学院已有十二名研究者获得欧洲研究理事会的资助，学校当时还参与欧盟第七框架计划下的 23 个项目。

• Since the 1988 renaming the university has kept shaping its civic identity through open lectures, the Heinrich Heine Guest Lecture having run continuously since 1989.自 1988 年更名以来，学校一直以公开讲座塑造其面向市民的身份，海因里希·海涅客座讲座自 1989 年起持续举办至今。

Academics

• Heinrich Heine University is organised in five faculties, namely medicine, arts and humanities, mathematics and natural sciences, business administration and economics, and law, a structure fixed since the Faculty of Law opened in 1993.海因里希·海涅大学下设五个学部，即医学、哲学人文、数学与自然科学、经济与管理以及法学，这一格局自 1993 年法学部成立后便固定下来。

• With more than 3,000 students in the winter semester 2011/12 the Medical Faculty is the third-largest unit, offering the state examination in Medicine and Dentistry alongside master's courses in Toxicology, Public Health and Endocrinology.医学部是规模第三大的教学单位，2011 至 2012 冬季学期学生超过 3,000 人，除提供医学与牙科国家考试课程外，还开设毒理学、公共卫生与内分泌学硕士课程。

• Graduate training in medicine is coordinated by the faculty-wide Medical Research School Düsseldorf and reinforced by research training groups in neuroscience and hepatology together with the Düsseldorf School of Oncology.医学研究生培养由面向全院系的杜塞尔多夫医学研究学院统筹协调，并有神经科学与肝脏病学研究培训组以及杜塞尔多夫肿瘤学院予以强化。

• Third-party funded research hubs cluster around hepatology, cardiovascular science, neuroscience, surgery, infectiology and immunology, and diabetes and metabolic research.由第三方资助的科研枢纽集中于肝脏病学、心血管科学、神经科学、外科学、传染病学与免疫学以及糖尿病与代谢研究领域。

• These hubs draw on institutions seated in the local research environment, including the Biomedical Research Centre, the Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine, the Vogt Institute for Brain Research and the German Diabetes Centre.这些枢纽依托位于本地科研环境中的多家机构，包括生物医学研究中心、莱布尼茨环境医学研究所、沃格特脑研究所和德国糖尿病中心。

• The Faculty of Arts and Humanities is the largest unit with about 8,000 students spread across 26 bachelor's and master's programmes.哲学人文学院是规模最大的学部，设有 26 个学士与硕士课程，学生约 8,000 人。

• Its one-year English-taught master's in European Studies is designed for graduates from Israel, Palestine and Jordan, while a German-French master's in media culture analysis confers a double diploma with the University of Nantes.其欧洲研究硕士是一门为期一年、以英语授课的课程，专门面向来自以色列、巴勒斯坦和约旦的毕业生；它与南特大学合办的德法文化分析硕士则可授予双学位。

• Doctoral candidates in this faculty are supported by the PhilGrad academy and by programmes in art history, linguistics, ageing studies and democracy research, while complete-works editions of Max Weber and Martin Buber anchor editing studies.本院的博士候选人由 PhilGrad 书院以及艺术史、语言学、老龄化研究与民主研究等项目提供支撑，而马克斯·韦伯与马丁·布伯全集的编纂则巩固了校勘学研究方向。

• Research strengths here span linguistics, political science, ancient history and editing studies, and the faculty contributes to the Institute of German and International Party Law and Party Research.本院的科研强项遍及语言学、政治学、古代史与校勘学，学部还为与德国和国际政党法及政党研究有关的机构作出贡献。

• The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, the second-largest unit, offers ten basic programmes and nine graduate programmes to some 6,500 students.数学与自然科学学院是规模第二大的学部，为约 6,500 名学生提供十个本科项目和九个研究生项目。

• Its international master's in Biology and its four-year bachelor-plus track, in which one year is spent at Michigan State University or at the University of Western Australia, give students overseas experience.其国际生物学硕士与四年制“学士加”项目让学生获得海外经验，后者安排学生赴密歇根州立大学或西澳大利亚大学学习一年。

• Doctoral support here is organised through the interdisciplinary graduate academy iGRAD and through programmes in hot-plasma dynamics, molecular infection and plant science run together with Forschungszentrum Jülich.本院的博士培养通过跨学科研究生院 iGRAD，以及热等离子体动力学、分子感染和与于利希研究中心合办的植物科学等项目来组织。

• In biology the Cluster of Excellence CEPLAS and in physics two transregional collaborative research centres stand out, while the Bioeconomy Science Center links 54 departments of the universities of Bonn, Aachen and Düsseldorf with Forschungszentrum Jülich.在生物学领域以卓越集群 CEPLAS 尤为突出，在物理学领域则以两个跨地区协同研究中心见长，生物经济科学中心把波恩、亚琛、杜塞尔多夫三所大学和于利希研究中心的 54 个系所联结起来。

• The Faculty of Business Administration and Economics is one of the smaller units with about 1,100 students, housed in the futuristic Oeconomicum building and teaching business administration, economics and business chemistry.经济与管理学院是规模较小的学部之一，学生约 1,100 人，设在造型前卫的经济楼内，讲授工商管理、经济学与商业化学。

• Further education is provided by the Düsseldorf Business School with fee-based MBA programmes, while competition economics is concentrated in the Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics.继续教育由杜塞尔多夫商学院以收费的工商管理硕士项目承担，竞争经济学则集中于杜塞尔多夫竞争经济研究所。

• The Faculty of Law trains students for the state examination in cooperation with local courts and has run a German-French course with the University of Cergy-Pontoise since 2005, admitting fifteen German and fifteen French law students each year.法学院与本地法院合作培养学生通过国家司法考试，并自 2005 年起与塞尔吉-蓬图瓦兹大学合办德法课程，每年招收德国与法国法学生各十五名。

• Five degree programmes across the faculties are taught entirely in English, covering English studies, comparative literature, European studies and master's courses in biology and physics.跨越各学部共有五个学位项目全程以英语授课，涵盖英语文学研究、比较文学、欧洲研究以及生物学和物理学硕士课程。

Campus

• The roughly triangular campus of the university lies in the Bilk district in the south-east of Düsseldorf and forms a single unit with the adjoining university hospital campus, the two together covering some 1,300,000 square metres, about 130 hectares, with the hospital's clinics supplying teaching wards for the medical faculty.该校近三角形的校园位于杜塞尔多夫东南部的比尔克区，与相邻的大学医院园区构成一体，两处合计约 1,300,000 平方米、约合 130 公顷，医院的临床科室则为医学部提供教学病房。

• Because the academic grounds and the hospital grounds are physically joined, teaching and clinical work take place within one continuous precinct.由于学术园区与医院园区在空间上连成一片，教学与临床工作得以在同一连续区域内展开。

• Recent additions include the Oeconomicum for the economics faculty and the library of medical literature known as O.A.S.E., described as one of Germany's most up-to-date buildings for individual study and group work.近年新增的建筑包括为经济学院而建的经济楼，以及收藏医学文献、被称为 O.A.S.E. 的图书馆，后者被誉为德国最先进的个人自习与小组研究场所之一。

• The Student Service Center has been set beside older parts of the campus to provide counselling and administrative services under one roof.学生服务中心被布置在老校区一侧，在同一屋檐下提供咨询与行政服务。

• The University and State Library is one of three state libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia, holds four stars in the German public-library ratings and counts among Germany's innovation leaders in the library sector.大学与州立图书馆是北莱茵-威斯特法伦州三家州立图书馆之一，在德国公共图书馆评级中获评四星，也位列德国图书馆界的创新引领者之列。

• In its double role the library collects, archives and preserves scientific resources as a university library and regional literature as a state library.这所图书馆身兼双重职能，作为大学图书馆搜集、归档并保管学术资源，作为州立图书馆则同样处理地方文献。

• The Centre for Information and Media Technology acts as the central multimedia unit of the university, responsible for digital information delivery, digital communication and digital media.信息与媒体技术中心是该校的中央多媒体机构，负责数字信息的提供、数字传播与数字媒体事务。

• The Botanical Garden of Düsseldorf is a scientific institution of the university cultivating about 6,000 plant species from around the world and open to visitors throughout the year.杜塞尔多夫植物园是本校下属的一座科学机构，栽培约 6,000 种来自世界各地的植物，全年向参观者开放。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf is placed in the 951-1000 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，杜塞尔多夫海因里希·海涅大学位列 951 至 1000 区间。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 ranks the university tied at position 284, a markedly higher standing than its QS band in the same cycle.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校并列置于第 284 位，比同一周期内的 QS 名次明显靠前。

• In the U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 the university is placed at 440 worldwide.在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位居全球第 440 位。

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities the university is not listed, and although earlier editions had placed it in the 301-400 tier that figure does not apply to the current ranking.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中该校未被收录；尽管早期版本曾把它置于 301 至 400 档，但该名次并不适用于最新一期榜单。

• OpenAlex records 107,414 scholarly works attributed to the university and 9,030,031 citations to them, an output profile concentrated in medicine and the life sciences.据公开文献数据库统计，署名该校的学术成果有 107,414 项、被引 9,030,031 次，其产出特征集中于医学与生命科学。

• Its strongest fields are the medical and life sciences, signalled by the Cluster of Excellence CEPLAS awarded in 2012 and by collaborative research centres in hepatology and neuroscience.该校最强的领域是医学与生命科学，其标志是 2012 年获批的卓越集群 CEPLAS，以及肝脏病学和神经科学领域的协同研究中心。

• The physician Harald zur Hausen, who won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering human papillomavirus, is counted among the university's alumni.医学家哈拉尔德·楚尔·豪森因发现人乳头瘤病毒而获 2008 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，被算作本校校友之一。

• In national comparison the university also ranks among Germany's five leading providers of scholarships under the National Scholarship Programme.在国内比较中，该校还跻身德国依据国家奖学金计划提供奖学金的前五位高校之列。

Student life

• As a public university funded by the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia the institution charges no tuition, only a service fee of about 230 euros each semester that covers the student body, student services and a semester travel ticket.作为由北莱茵-威斯特法伦州资助的公立大学，本校不收取学费，每学期仅收约 230 欧元的服务费，用于学生会、学生事务以及一张学期交通票。

• The Student Service Center offers counselling and administrative services to all enrolled students.学生服务中心为全体在册学生提供咨询与行政服务。

• Sport is organised jointly by the student representations of the four higher-education institutions of Düsseldorf, offering about 100 kinds of sport, workshops and sports holidays together with an annual common sports day.体育活动由杜塞尔多夫四所高校的学生组织联合统筹，提供约 100 种运动项目、工作坊与运动假期，并每年举办一次联合运动会。

• Musical life includes the Local Heroes platform for regional bands, open jam sessions and a semi-professional university orchestra.校园音乐生活包括面向本地乐队的“本地英雄”演出平台、公开即兴演奏会和一支半职业的大学管弦乐团。

• Once a year the campus hosts a short-film competition for young talents from the region.校园每年还会为来自本地区的年轻创作者举办一次短片竞赛。

• A range of student associations operates on campus, among them a local UNICEF group, a debating club, the European Student Network and a campus radio station.校内活跃着众多学生社团，其中包括联合国儿童基金会地方小组、辩论社、欧洲学生网络和一座校园广播电台。

• Since 1989 the Heinrich Heine Guest Lecture has drawn high-profile speakers to the campus, including the critic Marcel Reich-Ranicki, the former chancellor Helmut Schmidt and the foreign minister Joschka Fischer.自 1989 年起，海因里希·海涅客座讲座不断把高规格讲者请进校园，其中包括批评家马塞尔·赖希-拉尼茨基、前总理赫尔穆特·施密特和外长约施卡·菲舍尔。

• Two newer traditions complement the guest lecture, the annual University Speech held since 2010 and the Heinrich Heine Professorship for Business and Economics endowed since 2011.两项较新的传统为客座讲座作了补充，即自 2010 年起举办的年度大学演讲，以及自 2011 年起设立的海因里希·海涅经济与管理讲席。

Notable people

• Heinrich Heine, the German poet, writer and political thinker born in Düsseldorf in 1797, lends his name to the university although he never studied there.德国诗人、作家与政治思想家海因里希·海涅 1797 年生于杜塞尔多夫，该校以他的名字命名，尽管他本人从未在此就读。

• Harald zur Hausen earned his medical training in Düsseldorf and went on to win the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that human papillomavirus causes cervical cancer.哈拉尔德·楚尔·豪森在杜塞尔多夫接受医学训练，后因人乳头瘤病毒致宫颈癌的发现而荣获 2008 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• Johannes Rau, who served as president of Germany from 1999 to 2004, received an honorary doctorate from the university.约翰内斯·劳于 1999 至 2004 年担任德国联邦总统，曾获该校授予的荣誉博士学位。

• Paul Spiegel, longtime president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, also holds an honorary doctorate from HHU.长期担任德国犹太人中央理事会主席的保罗·施皮格尔，同样获得本校授予的荣誉博士学位。

• Moritz Körner, born in 1990, is a politician of the Free Democratic Party and a member of the European Parliament who studied at the university.莫里茨·克尔纳生于 1990 年，是自由民主党政治家、欧洲议会议员，曾在本校求学。

• Larisa Velić, born in 1973, is a judge of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina and an alumna of the Faculty of Law.拉里萨·维利奇生于 1973 年，是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那宪法法院法官，毕业于本校法学院。

• Peter Philipp, who lived from 1971 to 2014, was a German writer and comedian counted among the university's alumni.彼得·菲利普生于 1971 年、卒于 2014 年，是德国作家兼喜剧演员，被列为本校校友。

• Günter Theißen, born in 1962, is a plant geneticist who studied at the university before his research career.京特·泰森生于 1962 年，是植物遗传学家，早年在本校求学，随后走上科研生涯。

• Monika S. Schmid, born in 1967, is a linguist specialising in German and heritage languages who took her degree at HHU before an international research career.莫妮卡·施密德生于 1967 年，是专攻德语与传承语言的语言学家，早年在本校取得学位，随后走上国际科研生涯。

• Bernhard Sabel, born in 1957, is a neuropsychologist and brain researcher associated with the university whose work on visual restoration grew out of its neuroscience environment.伯恩哈德·萨贝尔生于 1957 年，是神经心理学家与脑科学研究者，其与视觉功能恢复相关的工作正脱胎于本校的神经科学研究环境。