Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM) is a public research university in Mashhad, the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province in north-eastern Iran, and one of the oldest modern universities in the country, having opened in 1949.马什哈德菲尔多西大学（Ferdowsi University of Mashhad，简称 FUM）是位于伊朗东北部礼萨呼罗珊省首府马什哈德的公立研究型大学，1949 年开办，为该国历史最悠久的现代大学之一。

It is named after the epic poet Abul-Qasem Ferdowsi, author of the Shahnameh, and enrols about 30,000 students in some 180 bachelor's, master's and doctoral programmes delivered by 810 faculty members.学校以史诗《列王纪》作者菲尔多西命名，约 30,000 名学生就读于 810 名教师开设的约 180 个学士、硕士与博士项目。

FUM leads Iranian universities in the enrolment of foreign students, with more than 1,300 international students, chiefly from Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq and the Central Asian republics, forming about 5 per cent of its student body.该校在国际学生招生上居伊朗各高校之首，共有 1,300 余名留学生，主要来自阿富汗、叙利亚、伊拉克及中亚各国，约占学生总数的 5%。

History

• The upgrading of the College of Health to the status of Faculty of Medicine in 1949 is counted as the first step towards a university in the city of Mashhad.1949 年卫生学院升格为医学院，被视为马什哈德建立大学的第一步。

• Mashhad's medical school had itself grown out of the city's modernisation under Reza Shah, whose hospital was founded in 1934 and the Mashhad medical college in 1939, before it became a full faculty in 1949.马什哈德的医学教育源自礼萨汗治下的城市现代化，其医院建于 1934 年、马什哈德医学院建于 1939 年，至 1949 年升为正式学院。

• In 1954 the Faculty of Medicine was joined with the Faculty of Literature to constitute the University of Mashhad, which opened with five separate fields of study.1954 年医学院与文学院合并，组成马什哈德大学，首期开设五个不同学科方向。

• The new university grew by adding faculties in succession, beginning with Theology, Science, Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutrition, Education and Psychology, and Agriculture.新大学通过接连增设学院而壮大，先后设立神学、理学、牙科、药学与营养、教育与心理以及农学等学院。

• In 1974 the University of Mashhad was formally renamed Ferdowsi University in honour of the poet Ferdowsi, whose tomb lies at Tus near Mashhad.1974 年马什哈德大学正式更名为菲尔多西大学，以纪念葬于马什哈德附近图斯的诗人菲尔多西。

• Before the 1979 Iranian Revolution the curriculum and research agenda were designed in collaboration with Georgetown University, an arrangement that was halted after the revolution.1979 年伊朗伊斯兰革命之前，该校课程与科研议程曾与乔治城大学合作设计，这一安排在革命后中止。

• The Faculty of Engineering was established on 25 February 1975 to serve as the leading engineering institution for the eastern part of Iran.工程学院于 1975 年 2 月 25 日成立，旨在成为伊朗东部地区工程教育的领头机构。

• In September 1975, corresponding to Mehr 1354 in the Iranian calendar, the new faculty admitted its first 30 electrical engineering and 30 mechanical engineering students.1975 年 9 月（伊朗历 1354 年 Mehr 月），该新学院录取了首批 30 名电气工程与 30 名机械工程学生。

• The first books issued by the university appeared in 1959, and its own publishing house, FUM Press, was established in 1977.该校最早出版的图书于 1959 年面世，校属出版社 FUM Press 则于 1977 年成立。

• After regional health organisations emerged within the universities of medical sciences in 1994, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences was separated from Ferdowsi University.1994 年医学类高校内出现地区性卫生机构后，马什哈德医科大学从菲尔多西大学分离出去。

• A Faculty of Administration and Economics was added after that separation, followed by schools of Veterinary Sciences, Physical Education and Sports, and Mathematical Sciences.分离之后增设了行政管理与经济学院，随后又设立兽医学院、体育与运动科学学院以及数学科学学院。

• In the same period the university created a Shirvan agricultural college, a Neyshabur faculty of arts, an Institute of Plantation Science, a Seismology Research Center and a Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment.同一时期，该校设立希尔凡农学院、内沙布尔艺术学院、种植科学研究所、地震研究中心以及自然资源与环境学院。

• The Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning was founded in July 2005, with departments of architecture engineering and urban planning teaching at bachelor's and master's level.建筑与城市规划学院于 2005 年 7 月成立，设有建筑工程与城市规划两系，开设本科与硕士课程。

• The Research Institute of Biotechnology was established in 2006 to advance biotechnological research through four research groups spanning cells, veterinary science, agriculture and embryos.生物技术研究所于 2006 年成立，通过细胞、兽医、农业与胚胎四个研究组推进生物技术研究。

• The Sun and Air Research Institute, known as SARI, was founded in October 2010 to work on renewable energy and produced a 100 kW wind turbine.太阳与空气研究所（SARI）于 2010 年 10 月成立，从事可再生能源研究，并研制出一台 100 千瓦风力涡轮机。

• Since 2023 the board of trustees has managed FUM Press and the FUM Library together as a single administrative unit.自 2023 年起，校董会把 FUM Press 与菲尔多西大学图书馆合并为单一管理单位。

• In 2011 the Faculty of Engineering announced that it would separate men and women in nearly 50 courses, after a year earlier when some general mathematics and physics classes had already been split by gender.2011 年工程学院宣布在近 50 门课程中实行男女分班，此前一年部分普通数学与物理课程已按性别分班。

• In 2024 the university hosted the 13th Titr festival for student-run journals, a national gathering of campus publications.2024 年该校主办了第 13 届面向学生刊物的 Titr 节，这是全国性校园出版物集会。

• Throughout the 2000s the university kept broadening its portfolio, adding optometry, teaching and high-school units alongside its academic faculties.整个 2000 年代，该校持续拓展办学范围，在学术各学院之外增设验光、师资培训及附属中学等单位。

Academics

• FUM delivers its teaching through faculties that include Letters and Humanities, Theology, Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Agriculture, Education and Psychology, Economics and Business Administration, Veterinary Medicine, Engineering, and Architecture and Urban Planning.该校教学由文学与人文、神学、理学、数学科学、农学、教育与心理、经济与工商管理、兽医学、工程、建筑与城市规划等学院承担。

• The School of Letters and Humanities, founded in 1955, teaches Persian, English, Arabic, French and Russian language and literature along with geography, Iranian history, social sciences and linguistics.文学与人文学院成立于 1955 年，教授波斯语、英语、阿拉伯语、法语、俄语的语言文学，以及地理、伊朗史、社会科学与语言学。

• That school has 83 academic members and about 4,500 undergraduate and 500 graduate students, and its Department of Persian Language and Literature is designated a Center of Excellence in Ferdowsi Studies.该学院有 83 名教研人员、约 4,500 名本科生与 500 名研究生，其波斯语言文学系被指定为菲尔多西研究卓越中心。

• The School of Sciences, established in 1961, has 97 faculty members and about 1,862 undergraduates, 325 master's and 81 doctoral students across biology, chemistry, geology and physics.理学院成立于 1961 年，有 97 名教师，约 1,862 名本科生、325 名硕士生与 81 名博士生，涵盖生物、化学、地质与物理。

• Among its units the Department of Geology has been named a Center of Excellence in Fossilogy by the Iranian Ministry of Science, Research and Technology.其下属地质系被伊朗科学、研究与技术部命名为古生物化石学卓越中心。

• The School of Mathematical Sciences, founded in 1996, has 45 academic members and about 1,300 students in applied mathematics, pure mathematics and statistics, and its mathematics and statistics departments were named centres of excellence in 2000.数学科学学院成立于 1996 年，有 45 名教研人员与约 1,300 名学生，设应用数学、纯数学与统计三系，其数学系与统计系于 2000 年获评卓越中心。

• The School of Agriculture, established in 1973, has 101 faculty members and 1,622 students across ten programmes from agronomy and plant breeding to soil sciences and water engineering.农学院成立于 1973 年，有 101 名教师与 1,622 名学生，开设从农学、植物育种到土壤学、水利工程的十个项目。

• The School of Economics and Administrative Sciences, founded in 1988, has 53 faculty members and 2,146 students in economic science, law, accounting, political science and management.经济与行政管理学院成立于 1988 年，有 53 名教师与 2,146 名学生，学科涵盖经济学、法学、会计、政治学与管理学。

• Its Research Center for the Economy of Eastern Iran and Neighboring Countries, established in 2006, employs 11 economics specialists on regional research projects.其下设的伊朗东部与邻国经济研究中心设于 2006 年，聘有 11 名经济学专家从事区域研究项目。

• The School of Theology, founded in 1958, has 48 faculty members and five departments covering Islamic history and civilisation, philosophy, jurisprudence, Koranic studies, and comparative religion.神学院成立于 1958 年，有 48 名教师，下设五个系，涵盖伊斯兰历史与文明、哲学、教法学、古兰经研究以及比较宗教。

• The School of Education and Psychology, established in 1973, runs 11 departments with 30 faculty members and about 1,300 students, teaching educational management, curriculum studies and clinical psychology.教育与心理学院成立于 1973 年，设 11 个系、30 名教师与约 1,300 名学生，教授教育管理、课程研究与临床心理学等。

• The School of Veterinary Medicine, founded in 1991, has 37 faculty members and a Research Center for Ruminant Abortion and Neonatal Mortality Studies that is rated a centre of excellence.兽医学院成立于 1991 年，有 37 名教师，其反刍动物流产与新生死亡研究中心被评为卓越中心。

• Admission to FUM is selective, with an acceptance range of 40 to 50 per cent, and in 2015 the university enrolled 12,645 undergraduates, of whom 66.4 per cent were women.该校录取具有选择性，录取率区间为 40% 至 50%；2015 年有 12,645 名本科生，其中女性占 66.4%。

• Foreign enrolment exceeds 1,300 students, about 5 per cent of the total, and more than half come from Afghanistan, with 106 holding scholarships in a recent intake.留学生逾 1,300 人，约占总数 5%，其中过半来自阿富汗，在最近一次招录中有 106 人获颁奖学金。

• FUM publishes 48 peer-reviewed scientific journals across the sciences and the humanities, six of which are indexed in Scopus, while FUM Press issues original and translated academic books.该校出版 48 种经同行评审的学术期刊，横跨理科学与人文，其中 6 种被 Scopus 收录；FUM Press 则出版原创与译介学术著作。

• A dean of the university has said that fewer than 10 per cent of its academics maintain international collaborations, and the university pays the entire cost of joint projects its professors carry out with Russian universities.该校一位院长曾表示，其教研人员中维持国际合作者不足 10%，校方为教授与俄罗斯高校开展的联合项目承担全部费用。

Campus

• Ferdowsi University occupies one of the largest campuses in Iran, set in the city of Mashhad at roughly 36.298 north latitude and 59.606 east longitude.菲尔多西大学拥有伊朗最大的校园之一，坐落于马什哈德市，约处北纬 36.298 度、东经 59.606 度。

• Mashhad is the second-largest city in Iran and a Shia pilgrimage centre, lying in the Kashaf Rud valley about 250 km from the Turkmenistan border.马什哈德是伊朗第二大城市与什叶派朝圣中心，位于卡沙夫河河谷，距土库曼斯坦边境约 250 公里。

• The campus mosque of Imam Reza was built in 1993 and serves as the principal place of worship for students.校园内的伊玛目礼萨清真寺建于 1993 年，是学生主要的礼拜场所。

• Mashhad itself is linked to Tehran by a railway completed in 1957 and is served by an international airport that connects the campus with the wider region.马什哈德经 1957 年建成的铁路与德黑兰相连，并设有一座国际机场，使校园与更大区域相通。

• The Faculty of Engineering maintains prominent research laboratories on campus, among them an integrated-systems laboratory and a corrosion-and-coating laboratory.工程学院在校园内设有多间知名研究实验室，其中包括集成系统实验室与腐蚀与涂层实验室。

• The FUM Library, managed together with FUM Press since 2023, serves students and staff, and the university also operates its own high school and a teaching centre.菲尔多西大学图书馆自 2023 年起与 FUM Press 合并管理，服务师生；该校还办有附属中学与教学中心。

• The Sun and Air Research Institute works from the campus on wind and solar systems, following its construction of a 100 kW wind turbine.太阳与空气研究所在校园内开展风能与太阳能系统研究，此前曾研制出一台 100 千瓦风力涡轮机。

• Mashhad's teaching hospital and medical faculty were moved out of Ferdowsi University in 1994, when Mashhad University of Medical Sciences became a separate institution.1994 年马什哈德教学医院与医学院从菲尔多西大学迁出，马什哈德医科大学自此成为独立机构。

• In February 2009 the university opened a branch campus in Herat, Afghanistan, named after a Persian poet who lived in that city in the eleventh century.2009 年 2 月，该校在阿富汗赫拉特开设分校，以一位十一世纪居住于该城的波斯诗人命名。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad is placed in the 1001-1200 band, a shared range rather than a single position.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，马什哈德菲尔多西大学位列第 1001-1200 位区间，与同档多所高校并列而非单一席位。

• The university appears in the 1001-1200 band of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027.该校进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名的第 1001-1200 位区间。

• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it stands at number 1101 worldwide.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列全球第 1101 位。

• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, published by ShanghaiRanking, places FUM in the 901-1000 band.软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名把该校列入第 901-1000 位区间。

• OpenAlex attributes 52,925 scholarly works and 1,335,486 citations to the university, a research output consistent with its status as a leading Iranian institution.OpenAlex 收录该校署名的学术成果 52,925 项、被引 1,335,486 次，这一产出与该校作为伊朗一流学府的地位相称。

• In the 2018 national ranking published by the Iranian government's ISC, Ferdowsi University was rated the third-best university in Iran.在伊朗政府 ISC 发布的 2018 年全国排名中，菲尔多西大学被评为伊朗第三好的大学。

• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2018 the university stood in the 801-1000 band, having been listed at 801 or below a year earlier.在 2018 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列第 801-1000 位区间，此前一年则列于 801 位及之后。

• The Academic Ranking of World Universities placed it in the 701-800 band in 2017, and U.S. News ranked it 868th worldwide in 2018.世界大学学术排名在 2017 年把该校列入第 701-800 位区间，而 US News 在 2018 年将其列为全球第 868 位。

• The CWTS Leiden Ranking placed FUM 478th by publication volume in 2018, while SCImago ranked it 490th worldwide in 2017.CWTS 莱顿排名在 2018 年按论文数量把该校列为第 478 位，SCImago 则在 2017 年将其列为全球第 490 位。

Student life

• The university's motto, taken from a verse associated with Ferdowsi, is "Kherad bayad o danesh o rasti", which translates as "Wisdom, knowledge and integrity".该校校训取自与菲尔多西相关的一句诗，为「Kherad bayad o danesh o rasti」，意即「智慧、知识与正直」。

• Named after the poet of the Shahnameh, the university hosts a national conference on the Shahnameh's role in the contemporary world and, in 2024, the 13th Titr festival for student journals.该校以《列王纪》诗人为名，主办探讨《列王纪》在当代世界作用的全国学术会议，并于 2024 年承办第 13 届学生刊物 Titr 节。

• Student associations at FUM publish numerous journals, whose topics range from academic and general subjects to politics and comedy.该校学生社团出版多种刊物，题材从学术与综合内容延伸至政治与喜剧。

• The Professor's Basij Organization maintains a presence on campus, its Razavi Khorasan branch counting 2,500 registered members, most of them at Ferdowsi University.教授巴斯基组织在该校设有机构，其呼罗珊分支登记成员达 2,500 人，其中多数属菲尔多西大学。

• Some 4,000 students of Mashhad's universities, mostly from Ferdowsi University, have registered with the student Basij organisation.马什哈德各高校约有 4,000 名学生登记加入学生巴斯基组织，其中多数来自菲尔多西大学。

• To attract top candidates the university has used scholarships, dedicating extra awards to disciplines such as physics after a decline in admissions was seen as a threat.为吸引优秀生源，该校动用奖学金，并在录取率下降被视为威胁后，为物理等学科追加奖学金名额。

• A Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, created during the university's expansion, oversees sport teaching and student athletics.在大学扩展期间设立的体育与运动科学学院负责体育教学与学生竞技活动。

• Its international student community, drawn mainly from Afghanistan, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain and the Central Asian republics, gives the campus a markedly regional character.其国际学生群体主要来自阿富汗、黎巴嫩、叙利亚、也门、巴林与中亚各国，使校园带有鲜明的区域色彩。

• Mashhad, declared Iran's "spiritual capital" in 2009, gives the campus a pilgrimage-city setting that shapes its religious and cultural life.马什哈德在 2009 年被宣布为伊朗「精神之都」，赋予校园以朝圣城市的底色，塑造其宗教与文化氛围。

Notable people

• Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, a historian of early Islam and literary critic, founded the School of Letters and Humanities and taught in its Persian department from 1950 to 1972.伊斯兰早期史学者与文学批评家阿里-阿克巴尔·法亚兹创办了文学与人文学院，并于 1950 至 1972 年在该院波斯语系任教。

• Ali Shariati taught as an assistant professor in the Department of History between 1966 and 1971, was compelled to resign, and became a globally known leftist-Islamic writer regarded as an ideological father of the 1979 revolution.阿里·沙里亚蒂于 1966 至 1971 年任历史系助理教授，后被迫辞职，成为享誉全球的左翼伊斯兰作家，被视为 1979 年革命的思想之父。

• Mohammad Mokhtari, a graduate of Persian language and literature, was a poet and critic and a leading member of Iranian PEN who was assassinated in 1999 in the killings later called the chain murders.波斯语言文学毕业生穆罕默德·莫赫塔里是诗人、批评家及伊朗笔会的重要成员，1999 年遭暗杀，此案后来被称为「连环谋杀」。

• Mohammad Reza Shafiei-Kadkani, a graduate of the School of Letters and Humanities, is a celebrated contemporary poet and critic and a professor at the University of Tehran.文学与人文学院毕业生穆罕默德·礼萨·沙菲伊-卡德卡尼是当代著名诗人与批评家，任教于德黑兰大学。

• Abdulaziz Sachedina, who took a degree in history at FUM, is a professor of religious studies at the University of Virginia.在菲尔多西大学取得历史学位的阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·萨切迪纳是美国弗吉尼亚大学宗教研究教授。

• Amir Khajepour, an alumnus, is a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada.校友阿米尔·哈杰普尔是加拿大安大略省滑铁卢大学机械工程教授。

• Seyed Ali Mirlohi Falavarjani, a retired professor of the university, founded the Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan in 1984.该校退休教授赛义德·阿里·米尔洛希·法拉瓦尔贾尼于 1984 年创办法拉瓦尔詹伊斯兰自由大学。

• Effat Shariati, born in 1952, served as a member of the Parliament of Iran.埃法特·沙里亚蒂生于 1952 年，曾任伊朗议会议员。

• Laleh Eftekhari is an Iranian conservative politician and a former member of the Parliament of Iran representing Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr.拉莱·埃夫特哈里是伊朗保守派政治人物，曾任代表德黑兰、雷伊、谢米兰纳特与伊斯兰沙赫尔选区的议会议员。

• Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli, born in 1959, is an Iranian conservative politician who served as interior minister in the government of Hassan Rouhani.阿卜杜勒礼萨·拉赫马尼·法兹利生于 1959 年，是伊朗保守派政治人物，曾在哈桑·鲁哈尼政府中出任内政部长。

• Mahmoud Alavi, born on 4 May 1954, is an Iranian cleric and politician who served as minister of intelligence under Hassan Rouhani.马哈茂德·阿拉维生于 1954 年 5 月 4 日，是伊朗神职人员与政治人物，曾在哈桑·鲁哈尼政府中任情报部长。

• Mohammad Abbasi was a conservative member of the Parliament of Iran and served as minister of cooperatives and of youth affairs and sports under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.穆罕默德·阿巴西曾任伊朗议会保守派议员，并在总统马哈茂德·艾哈迈迪内贾德治下出任合作社部长及青年与体育部长。

• Soheyla Feyzbakhsh, an alumna, is a mathematician at Imperial College London working in algebraic geometry and its applications to string theory.校友索海拉·费兹巴赫什是伦敦帝国理工学院数学家，从事代数几何及其在弦论中的应用研究。