Federal University of São Carlos

The Federal University of São Carlos (Portuguese: Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCar) is a public federal university in São Carlos, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, created in 1968 and the first federal institution of higher education in the interior of that state.圣卡洛斯联邦大学（Universidade Federal de São Carlos，简称 UFSCar）是巴西圣保罗州圣卡洛斯的一所公立联邦大学，1968 年创办，是圣保罗州内陆第一所联邦高等教育机构。

It teaches 24,825 students across four campuses, in São Carlos, Araras, Sorocaba and Lagoa do Sino, and its 48 departments are grouped into eight academic centres.该校在圣卡洛斯、阿拉拉斯、索罗卡巴与拉戈阿杜西诺四个校区共有 24825 名学生，48 个系分属八个学术中心。

It occupies the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 and the 1201-1400 band of the Times Higher Education table for the same year, and it was placed 1015th by U.S. News for 2026-2027 and in the 801-900 band of the 2026 Shanghai ranking.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1001-1200 区间，在同年的泰晤士高等教育排名中位列 1201-1400 区间，在 US News 2026-2027 榜单中列第 1015 位，并在 2026 年软科排名中处于 801-900 区间。

History

• A federal statute of 13 December 1960 provided for the creation of a university in São Carlos, then a small coffee and cotton town without any higher education institution of its own.1960 年 12 月 13 日的一项联邦法令规定在圣卡洛斯创办一所大学，当时这里还是一座以咖啡与棉花为业、并无本地高校的小城。
• Ernesto Pereira Lopes, a physician, industrialist and politician from the region, campaigned for the project and initially imagined a federation of existing schools rather than a new institution.当地医生、工业家兼政治家埃内斯托·佩雷拉·洛佩斯为这一计划奔走，最初设想的是把已有学校联合起来，而非另建新校。
• Sérgio Mascarenhas, a physicist who had moved from Rio de Janeiro to São Carlos in search of better conditions for solid-state research, argued instead for a university built from scratch around emerging fields.为寻求更好的固体物理研究条件而从里约热内卢迁来圣卡洛斯的物理学家塞尔吉奥·马斯卡雷尼亚斯则主张，应围绕新兴领域从零建一所新大学。
• A presidential decree of 1 December 1968 created the university and named a commission to coordinate the project, which made UFSCar the first federal university in the interior of São Paulo state.1968 年 12 月 1 日的总统令正式创设该校并任命筹备委员会，UFSCar 由此成为圣保罗州内陆第一所联邦大学。
• Fazenda Trancham, on the edge of the Washington Luís highway, was chosen as the site, and the farm buildings were adapted to house administration, classrooms and laboratories.校址选在华盛顿·路易斯公路旁的特兰尚农场，农场建筑被改作行政、教室与实验室之用。
• Teaching began on 13 March 1970 with 96 students enrolled in a science course, later discontinued, and in materials engineering.1970 年 3 月 13 日开学，首批 96 名学生就读于后来停办的理科专业与材料工程专业。
• Three academic centres were installed in 1972, namely exact sciences and technology, biological and health sciences, and education and human sciences, alongside a degree in biological sciences.1972 年设立三个学术中心，即精确科学与技术、生物与健康科学、教育与人文科学，同时开设生物科学学位。
• The materials engineering degree created in 1972 was the first of its kind in Latin America and became the intellectual signature of the young university.1972 年创设的材料工程学位是拉丁美洲首个同类专业，后来成为这所年轻大学最鲜明的学术标识。
• The founding rector, Sérgio Mascarenhas, also helped to create the materials engineering course and the São Carlos unit of the Brazilian agricultural research corporation Embrapa, tying the new university to applied research from its first years.创校校长塞尔吉奥·马斯卡雷尼亚斯还参与创建了材料工程专业与巴西农业研究公司设于圣卡洛斯的仪器化单位，使这所新大学自始便与应用研究相连。
• Nursing, the university's first health programme, was deployed in 1977, opening a line of clinical and public health teaching that later expanded into physiotherapy, occupational therapy and medicine.护理专业作为该校首个卫生类项目于 1977 年开设，开启了临床与公共卫生教学的方向，此后延伸至物理治疗、职业治疗与医学。
• The second campus was established in Araras in 1991, formed from regional units of the National Programme for Sugar Cane Improvement linked to the Instituto do Açúcar e do Álcool, and devoted to agricultural sciences.第二个校区 1991 年在阿拉拉斯设立，由隶属于糖与酒精研究所的全国甘蔗改良计划地区单位并入而成，专攻农业科学。
• Also in 1991 the university opened an undergraduate course in social sciences, the first sign of a shift away from an exclusively exact-sciences profile.同样在 1991 年，学校开设社会科学本科，这是其摆脱纯精密科学定位的第一个信号。
• Psychology, library and information science and physical education followed in 1994, literature and image and sound in 1996, and a bachelor of music with a music education specialisation in 2004.心理学、图书馆与信息学以及体育于 1994 年增设，文学与影像声音于 1996 年开设，2004 年又设立以音乐教育为方向的音乐学士。
• The third campus opened in Sorocaba in 2006, about 85 kilometres from the state capital, and was built around sustainability as an organising theme.第三个校区 2006 年在索罗卡巴启用，距州府约 85 公里，以可持续发展为组织主线。
• In 2008 the university joined the federal REUNI programme for the restructuring and expansion of public universities, which multiplied its campuses, courses and staff.2008 年，该校加入旨在重组与扩张公立大学的联邦 REUNI 计划，校区、课程与人员规模随之成倍增长。
• In 2011 it accepted the donation of the 643-hectare Lagoa do Sino farm from the writer Raduan Nassar, in a negotiation in which the then president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva took part.2011 年，该校接受作家拉杜安·纳萨尔捐赠的 643 公顷拉戈阿杜西诺农场，时任总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦参与了这次协商。
• The first three undergraduate courses of the Lagoa do Sino campus began in 2014, in agronomic engineering, biological sciences and business administration, later joined by environmental and food engineering.拉戈阿杜西诺校区的首批三个本科专业于 2014 年开课，分别为农艺工程、生物科学与工商管理，其后增设环境工程与食品工程。
• Through the 1970s and 1980s the institution remained centred on exact and biological sciences, and only in the 1990s did humanities departments and graduate programmes acquire a permanent place.整个 1970 与 1980 年代，学校仍以精密科学与生物科学为核心，直到 1990 年代人文学科各系与研究生项目才获得稳固地位。
• Ana Beatriz de Oliveira, a physiotherapist who took her own bachelor's degree at UFSCar in 2003 and her doctorate there in 2008, was appointed rector in 2021 and re-elected for the 2025-2029 term.物理治疗师安娜·贝阿特丽斯·德奥利维拉 2003 年在本校取得学士、2008 年取得博士，2021 年出任校长，并连任 2025 至 2029 年任期。
• By December 2024 the university offered 68 on-campus undergraduate programmes and six distance courses, with 91 graduate courses organised in 61 programmes.截至 2024 年 12 月，该校开设 68 个面授本科专业与 6 个远程课程，研究生教育则以 61 个项目组织 91 门课程。
• São Carlos has been officially styled Brazil's National Capital of Technology since 2011, a status earned by a ratio of one doctorate holder for every 180 residents against a national average of one per 5,423.圣卡洛斯自 2011 年起被官方称为巴西国家科技之都，其依据是每 180 名居民中有一名博士，而全国平均为每 5423 人一名。

Academics

• Teaching and research are distributed across 48 departments grouped in eight centres, namely agrarian sciences, biological and health sciences, management and technology sciences, science and technology for sustainability, exact and technology sciences, humanities and biological sciences, education and human sciences, and natural sciences.教学与研究分布于 48 个系，分属八个中心，即农业科学、生物与健康科学、管理与技术科学、可持续性科学与技术、精确与技术科学、人文与生物科学、教育与人文科学以及自然科学。
• The university enrolled 24,825 students in its 2024 figures, among them 12,338 undergraduates, 1,584 distance students, 1,915 master's students, 1,690 doctoral students, 369 professional master's students and 6,929 specialisation students.按 2024 年数据，该校注册学生 24825 人，其中本科 12338 人、远程教育 1584 人、学术硕士 1915 人、博士 1690 人、专业硕士 369 人、专科进修 6929 人。
• Its 1,295 academic staff include a share of 99.8 per cent holding a doctorate or a master's degree, and 95.8 per cent work under an exclusive-dedication regime.该校 1295 名教师中，99.8% 拥有博士或硕士学位，95.8% 实行专任全职制。
• Admission runs through the national ENEM examination and the SiSU clearing system, and the university reserves part of its places for public-school pupils and underrepresented groups under the federal quota law of 2012.招生通过全国 ENEM 考试与 SiSU 统一分配系统进行，学校依据 2012 年联邦配额法为公立学校学生与代表性不足群体保留部分名额。
• Materials science and engineering is the best-known programme, created in 1972 as the first in Latin America and rated grade 7, the maximum, by CAPES in every assessment it has received.材料科学与工程是该校最知名的项目，1972 年创设时为拉丁美洲首个，并在历次 CAPES 评估中均获最高等级七级。
• The materials graduate programme alone had awarded 1,021 master's degrees and 513 doctorates by September 2024, and it maintains agreements with research institutions abroad.仅材料研究生项目截至 2024 年 9 月已授予 1021 个硕士学位与 513 个博士学位，并与境外研究机构保持合作协议。
• Chemical engineering, production engineering, computer science, physics and chemistry form the other core of the exact-sciences side, and several of these departments host research centres funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP).化学工程、生产工程、计算机科学、物理与化学构成精密科学方面的其他核心，其中多个系设有由圣保罗研究基金会（FAPESP）资助的研究中心。
• Health teaching spans nursing, medicine, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and gerontology, the last of these offered at the Sorocaba campus.卫生类教学涵盖护理、医学、物理治疗、职业治疗与老年学，其中老年学设在索罗卡巴校区。
• The agrarian centre at Araras teaches agronomy and biotechnology, while the Lagoa do Sino campus offers agronomic engineering, environmental engineering and food engineering on a working farm.阿拉拉斯的农业中心开设农学与生物技术，拉戈阿杜西诺校区则在一座仍在运营的农场上传授农艺工程、环境工程与食品工程。
• Humanities and education are concentrated in the São Carlos campus, with degrees in education, philosophy, social sciences, literature, music and image and sound.人文与教育学科集中在圣卡洛斯校区，开设教育学、哲学、社会科学、文学、音乐与影像声音等学位。
• The São Carlos campus alone operates 300 laboratories, 124 classrooms, 12 auditoriums, nine lecture halls and two theatres.仅圣卡洛斯校区就拥有 300 间实验室、124 间教室、12 个报告厅、9 个阶梯教室与两座剧场。
• The university library system holds more than 280,000 books on the main campus, supplemented by branch libraries at Araras, Sorocaba and Lagoa do Sino.该校图书馆系统在主校区藏书逾 28 万册，阿拉拉斯、索罗卡巴与拉戈阿杜西诺三校区另设分馆。
• Extension work comprised 1,242 activities organised in 319 programmes, from continuing education to environmental monitoring and public health campaigns.社会服务方面共开展 1242 项活动、编入 319 个项目，涵盖继续教育、环境监测与公共健康行动。
• Students also complete curricular activities integrating teaching, research and extension, of which the university offers an average of 80 per year.学生还需完成整合教学、研究与服务的课程活动，学校平均每年提供 80 项。
• Two FAPESP research, innovation and dissemination centres are hosted on campus, the Center for the Development of Functional Materials and the Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials.校内设有两个由 FAPESP 资助的研究、创新与传播中心，即功能材料发展中心与玻璃态材料研究技术教育中心。
• The university works closely with Embrapa Instrumentation, the federal agricultural research unit based in São Carlos, a partnership that began with Mascarenhas and his work on farm instrumentation.该校与设在圣卡洛斯的联邦农业研究机构巴西农业研究公司仪器化中心密切合作，这一合作始于马斯卡雷尼亚斯及其农业仪器研究。
• About 208 of its students are international, a small share that the university has tried to raise through agreements with institutions in Europe, Africa and Latin America.该校约有 208 名国际学生，占比不高，学校正通过与欧洲、非洲及拉丁美洲机构的协议设法提升。
• Undergraduate teaching is free of charge, as in all Brazilian federal universities, and each campus runs a university restaurant serving subsidised meals.与巴西所有联邦大学一样，本科教学不收学费，各校区均设大学食堂提供补贴餐食。

Campus

• The main campus occupies 645 hectares beside the Washington Luís highway at kilometre 235, on the northern edge of São Carlos.主校区占地 645 公顷，位于圣卡洛斯北缘华盛顿·路易斯公路 235 公里处。
• Its facilities include 300 laboratories, a library of more than 280,000 books, a clinic, two theatres, 12 auditoriums, a gymnasium, a sports park, seven courts, two pools and four snack bars.校内设施包括 300 间实验室、藏书逾 28 万册的图书馆、一所门诊、两座剧场、12 个报告厅、一座体育馆、一个体育公园、七片球场、两个泳池与四间简餐店。
• Student housing offers 672 places, part of them in internal units and part in external buildings leased by the university.学生宿舍提供 672 个床位，部分位于校内楼舍，部分位于学校租用的校外建筑。
• An area of about 672 hectares of cerrado lies inside the campus, almost 30 per cent of it covered by preserved vegetation and used for teaching and research.校园内保留约 672 公顷塞拉多稀树草原，其中近三成覆盖着原生植被，用于教学与研究。
• Because only about 1 per cent of the original cerrado of São Paulo state survives, the reserve functions as a refuge for armadillos, deer, capybaras, marmosets, anteaters and brown jaguars, and more than 30 new species of aquatic insect have been described there.由于圣保罗州原有塞拉多植被仅存约 1%，这片保护区成为犰狳、鹿、水豚、狨猴、食蚁兽与棕美洲豹的庇护所，研究人员还在此描述了 30 多个水生昆虫新种。
• The Araras campus covers 243 hectares and holds 28 teaching and research laboratories, 22 classrooms, a library, a clinic, an amphitheatre, an aquatic centre and 33 housing places.阿拉拉斯校区占地 243 公顷，设有 28 间教学与研究实验室、22 间教室、一座图书馆、一所门诊、一个阶梯广场、一个水上运动中心与 33 个住宿床位。
• The Sorocaba campus occupies 70 hectares with 44 laboratories, 29 classrooms, two auditoriums, a football field with a running track and 80 housing places.索罗卡巴校区占地 70 公顷，拥有 44 间实验室、29 间教室、两个报告厅、一片带跑道的足球场与 80 个住宿床位。
• The Lagoa do Sino campus, created in 2014 in the municipality of Buri, occupies a 643-hectare farm with 9,947 square metres of buildings, ten laboratories and eleven classrooms.拉戈阿杜西诺校区 2014 年在布里市设立，占用一座 643 公顷的农场，建筑面积 9947 平方米，设十间实验室与十一间教室。
• São Carlos itself hosts the São Carlos Institute of Physics, the São Carlos Institute of Chemistry and the São Carlos School of Engineering, all part of the University of São Paulo, together with the Embrapa Instrumentation unit, which gives students access to laboratories and internships beyond the federal university.圣卡洛斯本地设有圣保罗大学的圣卡洛斯物理研究所、圣卡洛斯化学研究所与圣卡洛斯工程学院，另有巴西农业研究公司仪器化中心，为学生提供了联邦大学之外的实验室与实习机会。

Reputation

• The university is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, having stood in the 551-600 band as recently as 2015 before a steady slide.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1001-1200 区间，而 2015 年还曾处于 551-600 区间，此后名次持续下滑。
• It was placed in the 1201-1400 band of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027.该校在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中位列 1201-1400 区间。
• U.S. News ranked it 1015th in its Best Global Universities list for 2026-2027.US News 在 2026-2027 全球最佳大学榜单中将其列于第 1015 位。
• The Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities placed it in the 801-900 band for 2026, its strongest showing among the four major tables.软科世界大学学术排名将其列入 2026 年 801-900 区间，这是该校在四大榜单中的最好成绩。
• The newspaper Folha de S.Paulo has ranked UFSCar among the ten best universities in Brazil in its annual university ranking.《圣保罗页报》在其年度大学排名中将 UFSCar 列入巴西前十。
• The Brazilian Ministry of Education awarded the university its maximum score for teaching quality in the national evaluation of higher education.巴西教育部在全国高等教育评估中对该校教学质量给出最高分。
• In the 2014 QS Latin America ranking it came 18th among 300 universities with 82 points, which made it the tenth-best Brazilian institution in that table.在 2014 年 QS 拉丁美洲排名中，该校以 82 分在 300 所大学中列第 18 位，在巴西院校中排第十。
• CAPES has given the materials science and engineering programme its top grade of 7 in every evaluation, a distinction held by a small minority of Brazilian graduate programmes.CAPES 在历次评估中均给予其材料科学与工程项目最高七级，巴西研究生项目中只有少数获此等级。
• OpenAlex indexes 73,669 works and 2,087,564 citations for the university, with particular weight in materials science, chemistry, physics and computer science.OpenAlex 收录该校 73669 篇研究成果与 2087564 次引用，其中材料科学、化学、物理与计算机科学占比尤重。

Student life

• The university has no Latin motto, and its statute defines the mission as producing and making knowledge accessible through teaching, research and extension while preserving local and national memory.该校没有拉丁语校训，其章程把使命界定为通过教学、研究与社会服务生产并传播知识，同时保存地方与国家的记忆。
• Because tuition is free and most students come from other cities, the four university restaurants and the housing places are central to daily life.由于免收学费且多数学生来自外地，四座大学食堂与住宿床位在日常生活中居于核心位置。
• Housing is unevenly distributed, with 672 places in São Carlos, 80 in Sorocaba and 33 in Araras, so many students rent rooms in the surrounding neighbourhoods.住宿资源分布不均，圣卡洛斯有 672 个床位、索罗卡巴 80 个、阿拉拉斯 33 个，许多学生因此在校外社区租房。
• Students organise through the DCE central directory and the APG postgraduate association, while teachers and technical staff have their own unions, ADUFSCar and SinTUFSCar.学生通过中央学生理事会 DCE 与研究生协会 APG 组织活动，教师与技术人员则各有工会 ADUFSCar 与 SinTUFSCar。
• Campus media include Radio UFSCar, TV UFSCar and the Revista UFSCar, which report on research and on regional issues.校内媒体包括 UFSCar 电台、电视台与《UFSCar 杂志》，报道科研进展与区域议题。
• The academic year opens with the Calourada in March, a welcome week that includes the Chega Mais reception in which pro-rectors explain scholarships, mental health support and student representation.学年以三月的 Calourada 迎新周开始，其间设有 Chega Mais 接待活动，由各副校长介绍奖学金、心理健康支持与学生代表机制。
• Sport is concentrated on the São Carlos campus, where the sports park, seven courts, two pools and gymnasium support teams in football, basketball, volleyball, handball and swimming.体育活动集中在圣卡洛斯校区，体育公园、七片球场、两个泳池与体育馆支撑足球、篮球、排球、手球与游泳等队伍。
• The cerrado reserve receives monitored school and student visits, and its trails are used for field courses in ecology, botany and environmental engineering.塞拉多保护区接待有组织的学校与学生参观，其步道用于生态学、植物学与环境工程的野外课程。

Notable people

• Sérgio Mascarenhas, a physicist who proposed the university's from-scratch model and became its first rector in 1968, received the Grand Cross of the Brazilian Order of Scientific Merit in 2002, held a Guggenheim Fellowship and worked as a visiting scholar at Harvard University and Princeton.提出从零建校模式并于 1968 年出任首任校长的物理学家塞尔吉奥·马斯卡雷尼亚斯，2002 年获巴西国家科学功绩勋章大十字级，曾获古根海姆奖学金，并先后在哈佛大学与普林斯顿访学。
• Ernesto Pereira Lopes, a physician, industrialist and federal deputy, pressed for the creation of a federal university in São Carlos and was decisive in obtaining the decree of 1968.医生、工业家兼联邦众议员埃内斯托·佩雷拉·洛佩斯力主在圣卡洛斯创办联邦大学，对 1968 年法令的取得起了决定性作用。
• Ana Beatriz de Oliveira, a physiotherapy graduate of 2003 and doctor of 2008, directed the biological and health sciences centre from 2014 to 2018 and has been rector since 2021.2003 届物理治疗学士、2008 届博士安娜·贝阿特丽斯·德奥利维拉 2014 至 2018 年任生物与健康科学中心主任，2021 年起任校长。
• Elson Longo, who joined the chemistry department on 1 January 1971 and helped found it, directs the Center for the Development of Functional Materials, coordinates the National Institute of Science and Technology for Materials in Nanotechnology and was admitted to the Order of Scientific Merit in 2018.埃尔森·隆戈 1971 年 1 月 1 日入职并参与创建化学系，现主持功能材料发展中心并协调材料纳米技术国家科学技术研究所，2018 年入选国家科学功绩勋章。
• Edgar Dutra Zanotto, a materials engineer of the university who took his doctorate at Sheffield in 1982, founded the vitreous materials laboratory in 1977 and won the TWAS Prize in Engineering Sciences in 2010.该校出身的材料工程师埃德加·杜特拉·扎诺托 1982 年在谢菲尔德大学取得博士，1977 年创立玻璃态材料实验室，2010 年获发展中国家科学院工程科学奖。
• Victor Carlos Pandolfelli, who took both his degree and his master's in materials at UFSCar, coordinates the ALCOA laboratory set up in 1993 and is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences.在 UFSCar 取得材料学学士与硕士的维克托·卡洛斯·潘多尔费利自 1993 年起主持该校 ALCOA 实验室，并为巴西科学院院士。
• Sonia Guimarães, a physics student at São Carlos in the 1970s, took her doctorate at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology in 1989, became the first Afro-Brazilian woman to hold a physics doctorate and joined the faculty of the Aeronautics Institute of Technology in 1993.1970 年代在圣卡洛斯学习物理的索尼娅·吉马良斯 1989 年在曼彻斯特大学理工学院取得博士学位，成为首位拥有物理学博士学位的非裔巴西女性，1993 年起任教于巴西航空技术学院。
• Erika Hilton, a gerontology graduate of the Sorocaba campus, was elected federal deputy for São Paulo in 2022 and has campaigned on racial and LGBT rights.索罗卡巴校区老年学毕业生埃里卡·希尔顿 2022 年当选圣保罗州联邦众议员，长期从事种族与性少数群体权利倡导。
• Raduan Nassar, the novelist who wrote Ancient Tillage and A Cup of Rage, donated the family farm that became the Lagoa do Sino campus, on condition that the university work for the region's development.著有《古老的耕作》与《一杯愤怒》的小说家拉杜安·纳萨尔捐出家族农场，成为拉戈阿杜西诺校区，条件是学校须为区域发展出力。
• That donation was negotiated in 2011 with the participation of the then president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, and the campus opened its first courses three years later.这笔捐赠于 2011 年在时任总统路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦参与下谈成，校区三年后开出首批课程。