ETH Zurich

ETH Zurich, formally the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, is a public research university in Zurich, Switzerland, and one of the two federal institutes of technology in the country.苏黎世联邦理工学院（ETH Zurich），正式名称为苏黎世瑞士联邦理工学院，是一所位于瑞士苏黎世的公立研究型大学，为该国两所联邦理工学院之一。

Founded by the Swiss Confederation in 1855 and counting Albert Einstein among its graduates, it is organised into sixteen departments and ranks joint eighth in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校由瑞士联邦于 1855 年创办，校友中包括阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，下设十六个系，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列全球第八。

History

• On 7 February 1854 the Swiss federal government passed the law establishing a federal polytechnic school, and the institution opened in Zurich on 16 October 1855 as the Eidgenossische Polytechnische Schule.1854 年 2 月 7 日，瑞士联邦通过设立联邦理工学校的法律，学校于 1855 年 10 月 16 日在苏黎世开办，初名联邦理工学校。

• The school was created because the confederation wanted a national centre of higher technical education independent of the existing cantonal universities.设立这所学校，是因为联邦希望建立一个独立于各州立大学的全国性高等技术教育中心。

• A course reform in 1909 turned it into a full university with the right to award doctorates, and in 1911 it took its present name, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule.1909 年的课程改革使学校成为可授予博士学位的完全大学，1911 年改用现名联邦理工学院。

• Albert Einstein studied at the school and graduated in 1900, and he later returned as a professor between 1912 and 1914.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦于 1900 年在校毕业，其后于 1912 至 1914 年间回校任教授。

• In 1993 the institute joined the two federal institutes and four federal research institutes, among them the Paul Scherrer Institute and Empa, in a confederation-wide research domain.1993 年，学校与两所联邦理工学院及四所联邦研究所，其中包括保罗·谢尔研究所与瑞士材料科学技术研究所，组成覆盖全联邦的研究联合体。

• The main building in the centre of Zurich dates from the 1860s, and the university shares the neighbourhood with the University of Zurich.苏黎世市中心的主楼建于十九世纪六十年代，学校与苏黎世大学比邻而居。

• Unable to expand in the city centre, from the 1960s the institute developed a second campus on the slopes of the Honggerberg, now known as Science City.由于难以在市中心扩展，学校自二十世纪六十年代起在亨格山麓建设第二个校区，即如今的科学城。

• Today the two campuses lie about five kilometres apart and are linked by a shuttle service that runs throughout the day.如今两个校区相距约五公里，由全天运行的校车线路相连。

Academics

• Teaching and research are divided into sixteen departments, covering architecture, engineering, mathematics, the natural sciences, systems-oriented sciences and management.教学与研究分为十六个系，涵盖建筑、工程、数学、自然科学、系统科学与管理学。

• The departments include architecture, civil, environmental and geomatic engineering, biology, biosystems science and engineering, chemistry and applied biosciences, earth sciences, and humanities, social and political sciences.这些系包括建筑系，土木、环境与地球空间信息工程系，生物学系，生物系统科学与工程系，化学与应用生物科学系，地球科学系，以及人文、社会与政治科学系。

• They also include health sciences and technology, computer science, information technology and electrical engineering, mathematics, materials science, mechanical and process engineering, management, technology and economics, physics, and environmental systems science.此外还有健康科学与技术系、计算机科学系、信息技术与电子工程系、数学系、材料科学系、机械与过程工程系、管理技术与经济学系、物理系与环境科学系。

• As of the end of 2025 the institute had 26,942 students, among them 11,520 undergraduates, 10,144 master's students, 4,266 doctoral students and 1,012 in other categories.截至 2025 年底，学校共有学生 26942 人，其中本科生 11520 人、硕士生 10144 人、博士生 4266 人、其他类别 1012 人。

• It employs 516 professors of all ranks, alongside some 6,634 academic staff in full-time equivalents, and its budget was 2.051 billion Swiss francs in 2025.学校聘有各级教授 516 人，另有约 6634 名全职当量学术人员，2025 年预算为 20.51 亿瑞士法郎。

• The language of instruction is German at undergraduate level and increasingly English at master's level and above.本科阶段的教学语言为德语，硕士及以上阶段则越来越多地使用英语。

• The main library of the institute, the ETH-Bibliothek, holds more than 6.9 million items and is the largest library in Switzerland and the country's centre for scientific and technical information.学校的主图书馆苏黎世联邦理工学院图书馆藏书逾 690 万件，是瑞士最大的图书馆，也是该国科技信息的中心。

• Its former students and faculty include 32 Nobel laureates, four Fields medallists and one Turing Award winner, and more than 120 nationalities are represented among the students.其校友与教师中包括 32 位诺贝尔奖得主、4 位菲尔兹奖得主与 1 位图灵奖得主，学生来自一百二十多个国家。

Campus

• The main campus is in the centre of Zurich, where mathematics, mechanical and electrical engineering, computer science and management are chiefly taught.主校区位于苏黎世市中心，数学、机械与电子工程、计算机科学及管理学主要在此授课。

• The Science City campus on the Honggerberg hosts architecture, civil engineering, physics, biology, chemistry and materials science, and is served by the ETH Link shuttle.亨格山的科学城校区设有建筑、土木工程、物理、生物、化学与材料科学等院系，由 ETH Link 校车与主校区相连。

• The main building, designed by Gottfried Semper, stands on the Ramistrasse overlooking the city and houses the auditorium used for major ceremonies.由戈特弗里德·森佩尔设计的主楼位于雷米街，俯瞰全城，其中的大讲堂用于举行各类重大典礼。

• The institute shares Zurich with the University of Zurich, and the two institutions cooperate on teaching and research across the sciences.学校与苏黎世大学同处一城，双方在多个科学领域开展教学与科研合作。

• Zurich's position in the centre of Europe, and its financial and industrial base, give the institute close links with industry and with national research programmes.苏黎世地处欧洲中心，又拥有金融与工业基础，这使学校与产业界及国家级研究计划联系紧密。

• Student residences are distributed across the city and the two campuses, and the institute is well connected by the Zurich tram and rail network.学生宿舍分布于全市及两个校区，学校与苏黎世的电车及铁路网络连接便利。

Reputation

• ETH Zurich ranks joint eighth in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, twelfth in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, nineteenth in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities and 33rd in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.苏黎世联邦理工学院在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列全球第八，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第十二，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第十九，2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 33。^[1]

• It is the highest ranked university in continental Europe in several global rankings, and is regarded as Switzerland's leading scientific institution.在多项全球排名中，它是欧洲大陆位次最高的大学，被视为瑞士最重要的科研机构。

• Its alumni and faculty include 32 Nobel laureates, among them Albert Einstein, Wilhelm Rontgen, Wolfgang Pauli and Richard Ernst.其校友与教师中共有 32 位诺贝尔奖得主，其中包括阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、威廉·伦琴、沃尔夫冈·泡利与理查德·恩斯特。

• The institute has produced four Fields medallists and one Turing Award winner, the computer scientist Niklaus Wirth, who designed the Pascal language.学校培养出 4 位菲尔兹奖得主与 1 位图灵奖得主，即设计出 Pascal 语言的计算机科学家尼克劳斯·维尔特。

• Its strengths lie in engineering, the physical sciences, computer science and the life sciences, and it works closely with Swiss industry and with the federal research institutes.学校强项集中在工程、物理科学、计算机科学与生命科学，并与瑞士工业界及联邦研究所紧密合作。

• The institute is a member of the League of European Research Universities, the IDEA League and the International Alliance of Research Universities.学校是欧洲研究型大学联盟、IDEA 联盟与国际研究型大学联盟的成员。

Student life

• The institute celebrates its anniversary on ETH Day, held each November around the founding date, when honorary doctorates and prizes are awarded and papers by outstanding students are recognised.学校在每年十一月校庆日前后举行联邦理工日，届时授予荣誉博士学位与各类奖项，并表彰优秀学生论文。

• The Polyball, held at the end of November in the main building and open to the public, dates from the 1860s and is one of the largest ballroom events in Europe.十一月底在主楼举行、面向公众开放的理工舞会始于十九世纪六十年代，是欧洲规模最大的舞会之一。

• Since 1962 the department of mathematics and physics has held the Wolfgang Pauli Lectures, a series in which a leading scientist gives three lectures within a week.自 1962 年起，数学与物理学系举办沃尔夫冈·泡利讲座，由一位著名科学家在一周内主讲三场。

• Since 1951 students and staff have raced rowing boats against the University of Zurich on the Limmat, a contest watched by the city.自 1951 年起，师生与苏黎世大学在利马特河上举行划艇比赛，吸引全城观看。

• Student organisations run a wide range of sports, cultural and academic societies across both campuses.学生组织在两个校区举办涵盖体育、文化与学术的各类社团活动。

• The institute's position in the centre of Zurich gives students ready access to the city's cultural life, its lake and its mountain surroundings.学校位于苏黎世市中心，学生可以方便地享用城市的文化生活以及湖畔与山地环境。

Notable people

• Albert Einstein, who studied at the institute and later taught there, is its best-known associate, and his work on relativity reshaped modern physics.在此求学并曾任教的阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是学校最知名的相关人物，他关于相对论的工作重塑了现代物理学。

• Among the physicists and chemists associated with the institute are Wilhelm Rontgen, the first Nobel laureate in physics, and Wolfgang Pauli, after whom the exclusion principle is named.与学校相关的物理学家与化学家中包括首位诺贝尔物理学奖得主威廉·伦琴，以及以泡利不相容原理闻名的沃尔夫冈·泡利。

• Richard Ernst and Kurt Wuthrich, both Nobel laureates in chemistry, worked at the institute on nuclear magnetic resonance and its applications.同为诺贝尔化学奖得主的理查德·恩斯特与库尔特·维特里希，都曾在此从事核磁共振及其应用的研究。

• The mathematician John von Neumann and the set theorist Georg Cantor both studied at the institute.数学家约翰·冯·诺伊曼与集合论创始人格奥尔格·康托尔都曾在此求学。

• Aurel Stodola, a professor at the institute, was among the first to study the stability of dynamic systems, and Hermann Weyl was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century.在校任教的奥列尔·斯托多拉是最早研究动态系统稳定性的学者之一；赫尔曼·外尔则是二十世纪最有影响力的数学家之一。

• Chinese associates of the institute include the physicist and Peking University president Zhou Peiyuan and Wu Qidi, who later served as vice-minister of education.与学校有关的中国人士包括物理学家、曾任北京大学校长的周培源，以及后任教育部副部长的吴启迪。