Escuela Politécnica Nacional

Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), or the National Polytechnic School, is a public polytechnic university in Quito, Ecuador, founded on 27 August 1869 by a decree of the National Convention at the initiative of President Gabriel García Moreno and conceived as the country's first research centre.厄瓜多尔国立理工学院（Escuela Politécnica Nacional，简称 EPN）是厄瓜多尔基多的一所公立理工科大学，1869 年 8 月 27 日由国民大会依总统加夫列尔·加西亚·莫雷诺的倡议颁令创办。

It is the second-oldest public university in Ecuador after the Central University of Ecuador and occupies the José Rubén Orellana campus in El Girón, east-central Quito, with eight faculties, 24 undergraduate programmes, 18 master's programmes and six doctorates.该校是厄瓜多尔仅次于中央大学的第二古老公立大学，主校区为基多中东部的希尔翁「何塞·鲁文·奥雷利亚纳」校区，设 8 个学院、24 个本科专业、18 个硕士项目与 6 个博士项目。

EPN enrols about 10,000 students, roughly 30 per cent of them women, holds a category A accreditation from CEAACES, is the only university in Ecuador with an astronomical observatory, appears in the 1401+ band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 and takes the motto La Ciencia al Servicio del Hombre, or Science in the Service of Man.该校约有 1 万名学生，其中约 30% 为女性，获厄瓜多尔高等教育质量保障委员会（CEAACES）A 类认证，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位于 1401+ 区间，校训为「La Ciencia al Servicio del Hombre」，意为「科学服务于人类」。

History

• The National Convention of Ecuador issued the founding decree on 27 August 1869, creating the Instituto Superior Politécnico as the country's first centre for technical and scientific research and teaching, modelled on European polytechnic schools.1869 年 8 月 27 日，厄瓜多尔国民大会颁布建校法令，创立高等理工学院，作为该国首个技术与科学研究与教学中心。

• President Gabriel García Moreno asked the Society of Jesus for help, and German and Italian Jesuits arrived to manage the new institute and the Quito Astronomical Observatory.总统加西亚·莫雷诺向耶稣会求助，德国与意大利耶稣会士随即到来，负责管理这所新学院与基多天文台。

• Juan Bautista Menten became the first director, and the first faculty included Theodor Wolf, Louis Dressel, Luigi Sodiro, Joseph Kolberg, Emilio Muellendorf, Armando Wenzel and Eduardo Brugier.胡安·包蒂斯塔·门滕出任首任院长，首批教师包括特奥多尔·沃尔夫、路易斯·德雷塞尔、路易吉·索迪罗、约瑟夫·科尔贝格、埃米利奥·米伦多夫、阿曼多·文策尔与爱德华多·布鲁吉耶。

• The Quito Astronomical Observatory was founded in 1873 and attached to the institute, making it one of the oldest observatories in South America and the only astronomical observatory in Ecuador.基多天文台于 1873 年创立并附属于该学院，是南美洲最古老的天文台之一，也是厄瓜多尔唯一的天文台。

• Early teaching concentrated on cartography and mineralogy under Wolf, chemistry under Dressel, botany under Sodiro and architecture under Kolberg, and the arrival of electricity in Quito was partly the work of Kolberg and Brugier.早期教学由沃尔夫讲授地图学与矿物学、德雷塞尔讲授化学、索迪罗讲授植物学、科尔贝格讲授建筑，基多电力的引入部分即出自科尔贝格与布鲁吉耶之手。

• After seven years of operation the institute was closed on 15 September 1876 by President Antonio Borrero, following internal disputes among the religious staff and political pressure, and the closure interrupted technical education in Ecuador until the 1935 reopening.办学七年后，学院于 1876 年 9 月 15 日被总统安东尼奥·博雷罗关闭，起因是神职人员内部的争执与政治压力。

• Several professors, including the botanist Luigi Sodiro, continued their teaching at the Universidad del Ecuador, the present Central University of Ecuador, carrying the polytechnic legacy into the country's oldest university.包括植物学家索迪罗在内的多位教授转入厄瓜多尔大学（今厄瓜多尔中央大学）继续任教，把这所理工学院的学术传统带入该国最古老的大学。

• On 28 February 1935 President José María Velasco Ibarra signed the decree reopening the institution for mathematics, cosmography, physics, applied chemistry, electrotechnics, mining engineering and geology.1935 年 2 月 28 日，总统何塞·马里亚·贝拉斯科·伊瓦拉签署法令，恢复办学，开设数学、宇宙志、物理、应用化学、电工、采矿工程与地质等专业。

• On 4 June 1946, during Velasco Ibarra's second term, the name Instituto Superior Politécnico was changed to Escuela Politécnica Nacional, which it has borne ever since.1946 年 6 月 4 日，在贝拉斯科·伊瓦拉第二个任期内，高等理工学院正式更名为厄瓜多尔国立理工学院，此名沿用至今。

• Also in 1946 a French university mission arrived, and its member Robert Hoffstetter began the zoological and palaeontological work that became the Biological Sciences Institute.同样在 1946 年，法国大学代表团到校，成员罗贝尔·奥夫施泰特开始动物学与古生物学研究，后来发展为生物科学研究所。

• Gustavo Orcés, the pioneer of Ecuadorian vertebrate research, directed the natural history work from 1952 to 1990, and the university's natural history museum now bears his name.厄瓜多尔脊椎动物研究的先驱古斯塔沃·奥塞斯自 1952 年至 1990 年主持自然史研究，该校自然史博物馆如今以他命名。

• In 1964 the institution moved from its old campus beside La Alameda park to the present El Girón campus under rector José Rubén Orellana Ricaurte, after whom the campus is named.1964 年，在校长何塞·鲁文·奥雷利亚纳·里考尔特主持下，学校从拉阿拉梅达公园旁的旧校区迁至今日的希尔翁校区，校区亦以他命名。

• The School of Information and Technology, known as ESFOT, was founded in 1967 to deliver technical and technological degrees in computing, networking and telecommunications.信息技术学校（ESFOT）于 1967 年成立，开设计算、网络与电信方向的技术与工艺学位。

• When the Pichincha volcano erupted in October 1999 and covered Quito in several inches of ash, the university's Geophysical Institute was the body responsible for monitoring and reporting the event.1999 年 10 月皮钦查火山喷发、基多被数英寸厚的火山灰覆盖时，该校地球物理研究所正是负责监测与通报的机构。

• In 2009 the former national accreditation council, CONEA, placed EPN in category A, the highest band of Ecuadorian universities.2009 年，厄瓜多尔原国家高等教育评估与认证委员会（CONEA）将 EPN 列入 A 类，即厄瓜多尔大学的最高档次。

• EPN joined the Ecuadorian Network of Universities for Research and Postgraduate Studies, REDU, in 2012, formalising its role as a research-intensive institution.2012 年，EPN 加入厄瓜多尔研究与研究生教育大学网络（REDU），正式确立其研究型大学定位。

• In 2013 the Council for Evaluation, Accreditation and Quality Assurance of Higher Education, CEAACES, reaffirmed the university's category A accreditation.2013 年，厄瓜多尔高等教育评估、认证与质量保障委员会（CEAACES）再次确认该校的 A 类认证。

• When Cotopaxi awoke in 2015 the Geophysical Institute monitored the volcano with 59 stations, and on 14 August 2015 it reported two explosions and ash falling over southern Quito.2015 年科托帕希火山苏醒时，地球物理研究所用 59 个监测站跟踪其活动，并于 2015 年 8 月 14 日报告两次爆炸及基多南部降灰。
• On 25 May 2015 the Wolf volcano in the Galápagos erupted, and the Geophysical Institute reported a plume that reached about 15 kilometres.2015 年 5 月 25 日加拉帕戈斯群岛的沃尔夫火山喷发，地球物理研究所报告火山灰柱高达约 15 公里。

• In April 2011 the same institute reported a Tungurahua eruption whose ash column rose to 12 kilometres.2011 年 4 月，该研究所报告通古拉瓦火山喷发，火山灰柱升至 12 公里。

• The university marked its 150th anniversary in 2019, and in 2020 QS placed it 106th in Latin America and in the 800-850 band worldwide.该校于 2019 年迎来建校 150 周年，2020 年 QS 将其列为拉丁美洲第 106 位、全球 800-850 区间。

Academics

• EPN is organised into eight faculties: Administrative Sciences, Chemical Engineering and Agro-Industry, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Geology and Petroleum, Mechanical Engineering and Exact Sciences, of which Administrative Sciences is the only faculty outside engineering and the exact sciences.EPN 下设 8 个学院，即管理科学、化学工程与农产工业、土木与环境工程、计算机系统工程、电气与电子工程、地质与石油、机械工程以及精密科学。
• The Faculty of Exact Sciences teaches mathematics and physics, two disciplines already named in the 1935 decree that reopened the institute.精密科学学院教授数学与物理学，这两门学科在 1935 年复办法令中即已列明。

• The Faculty of Geology and Petroleum trains engineers for Ecuador's oil industry, the country's principal export sector.地质与石油学院为厄瓜多尔石油工业培养工程师，石油是该国最主要的出口部门。

• Together these faculties offer 24 professional undergraduate programmes, 18 master's programmes and six doctoral programmes, with the applied fields concentrated in engineering and the exact sciences.这些学院共开设 24 个本科专业、18 个硕士项目与 6 个博士项目，应用学科集中在工程与精密科学领域。

• The Technical Training School, ESFOT, has operated since 1967, focuses on computer networking, telecommunications networking and computer programming, and awards technical qualifications rather than engineering degrees.技术培训学校 ESFOT 自 1967 年起办学，重点教授计算机网络、电信网络与计算机编程。

• Degrees range from civil, electrical, electronic, mechanical and petroleum engineering to chemical engineering, bio-agricultural engineering, food technology, geology, informatics, mathematics and physics.学位方向涵盖土木、电气、电子、机械与石油工程，以及化学工程、生物农业工程、食品技术、地质学、信息学、数学与物理学。

• The curriculum follows the polytechnic model adopted at its foundation, stressing laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering rather than purely theoretical study.课程沿用建校时确立的理工模式，强调应用科学与工程中的实验室教学，而非纯理论研究。

• The Quito Astronomical Observatory, founded in 1873, is the only observatory in Ecuador, runs astronomical research and public education, and keeps a museum of instruments dating from its foundation.1873 年创立的基多天文台是厄瓜多尔唯一的天文台，承担天文研究与公众教育，并设有收藏建台时期仪器的博物馆。

• The Geophysical Institute is the country's main centre for seismic and volcanic risk assessment and monitors the Andes and the Galápagos Islands together with international seismology teams.地球物理研究所是该国地震与火山风险评估的主要机构，并与国际地震学团队合作监测安第斯山脉与加拉帕戈斯群岛。

• The Institute of Biological Sciences, which dates from the French mission of 1946, houses the Gustavo Orcés Natural History Museum and its collection of Ecuadorian fauna.生物科学研究所源自 1946 年的法国代表团，下设古斯塔沃·奥塞斯自然史博物馆及厄瓜多尔动物标本收藏。

• The museum holds the remains of the only complete mammoth found in Ecuador, a specimen that anchors its palaeontological collection.该博物馆收藏着在厄瓜多尔发现的唯一一具完整猛犸象遗骸，这具标本构成其古生物学收藏的核心。

• The Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Agro-Industry operates an electron accelerator through its nuclear sciences department for water and soil analysis, irradiation and sterilisation.化学工程与农产工业学院通过其核科学系运行一台电子加速器，用于水与土壤分析、辐照与消毒。

• The university's San Bartolo metalworking unit maintains heavy machinery and tests tyres under the Ecuadorian INEN standards 2099 and 2616 of 2012.该校圣巴托洛金属加工部门负责重型机械维修，并依据 2012 年厄瓜多尔 INEN 第 2099 与 2616 号标准进行轮胎测试。

• Libraries on the campus are oriented mainly towards engineering and the sciences, supporting laboratory courses and final-year projects.校区内的图书馆以工程与科学文献为主，为实验课程与毕业设计提供支撑。

• The student body numbers approximately 10,000, of whom about 30 per cent are women, a share that reflects the university's origins as an engineering school.全校学生约 1 万人，其中约 30% 为女性，这一比例反映出该校以工程起家的历史。

• The El Girón campus has a built area of around 62,000 square metres and combines teaching buildings with research institutes and specialised laboratories.希尔翁校区建筑面积约 6.2 万平方米，教学大楼与研究机构、专业实验室集中布局。

• Beyond the eight faculties the university maintains four technical and specialised institutes, including the observatory, the geophysical institute and the biological sciences institute.除 8 个学院外，该校还设有 4 个技术与专门研究所，包括天文台、地球物理研究所与生物科学研究所。

• EPN's research profile is applied and public-service oriented, from volcanic hazard mapping to water treatment, food irradiation and heavy-industry maintenance.EPN 的科研取向偏重应用与公共服务，从火山灾害制图延伸到水处理、食品辐照与重工业维护。

• The university joined REDU in 2012 and maintains six doctoral programmes in engineering and science.该校于 2012 年加入 REDU，并在工程与科学领域维持博士项目，是厄瓜多尔除少数大型大学之外博士培养最集中的机构之一。

Campus

• The main campus is the Campus Politécnico José Rubén Orellana Ricaurte in El Girón, east-central Quito, named after the rector who oversaw the move from La Alameda in 1964.主校区为基多中东部希尔翁的「何塞·鲁文·奥雷利亚纳·里考尔特理工学院校区」，以 1964 年主持迁校的校长命名。

• The campus has a built area of about 62,000 square metres and its main entrance opens onto Ladrón de Guevara avenue in the El Girón neighbourhood.校区建筑面积约 6.2 万平方米，正门位于希尔翁街区的拉德龙·德格瓦拉大道。
• The main entrance stands at the corner of Ladrón de Guevara and Andalucía streets in El Girón, east of the historic centre and beside the La Floresta district.主入口位于希尔翁街区拉德龙·德格瓦拉大道与安达卢西亚街的交角。

• The old campus beside La Alameda park served the institution until 1964 and remains associated with the Quito Astronomical Observatory, which stands in the park.拉阿拉梅达公园旁的旧校区一直使用到 1964 年，如今仍与坐落于公园内的基多天文台联系在一起。

• The Quito Astronomical Observatory, founded in 1873, is housed in La Alameda park, operates a museum of nineteenth-century instruments and is open to visitors and school groups.1873 年创立的基多天文台位于拉阿拉梅达公园内的一座新古典主义建筑中，并设有收藏 19 世纪仪器的博物馆。

• The Gustavo Orcés Natural History Museum stands on the El Girón campus and displays mammals, birds, reptiles and the country's only complete mammoth skeleton.古斯塔沃·奥塞斯自然史博物馆位于希尔翁校区，展出哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物以及全国唯一的完整猛犸象骨架。

• Quito sits at about 2,850 metres above sea level in the Andes, and the campus is a short distance from the historic centre and the city's main public-transport corridors.基多位于安第斯山脉海拔约 2850 米处，校区距历史中心与城市主要公共交通走廊都不远。

• The university's San Bartolo metalworking facility occupies a separate site on Pedro Vicente Maldonado avenue, where heavy equipment is repaired and industrial testing is carried out.该校圣巴托洛金属加工设施位于佩德罗·维森特·马尔多纳多大道的一处独立场地，从事重型设备维修与工业测试。

• Laboratories, workshops and the observatory give the campus a strongly technical character, with much of the teaching space devoted to applied engineering rather than lecture halls.实验室、工场与天文台赋予校区鲜明的技术特色，大量教学空间用于应用工程而非单纯讲课。

Reputation

• EPN is placed in the 1401+ band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, the tied final segment of the table rather than a single numbered position.EPN 在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位于 1401+ 区间，这是榜单末端的并列区间而非单独名次。

• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it is placed in the 1801-2000 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位于 1801-2000 区间。

• It is ranked 1,547th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global university ranking, while it did not enter the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities main table.该校在 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学排名中位列第 1547 名，但未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。

• CEAACES awarded EPN category A in 2013, confirming the highest accreditation band it had first received from CONEA in 2009.CEAACES 于 2013 年授予 EPN A 类认证，确认了该校 2009 年首次从 CONEA 获得的最高认证档次。
• QS describes EPN as consistently ranked by CEAACES among Ecuador's leading universities, a judgement echoed by its category A accreditation.QS 称 EPN 长期被 CEAACES 评为厄瓜多尔领先大学之一，其 A 类认证与此评价相互印证。

• QS placed EPN 106th in Latin America and in the 800-850 band worldwide in its 2020 ranking, a stronger showing than its 2027 band and a position among the leading Ecuadorian universities in that table.在 2020 年 QS 排名中，EPN 位列拉丁美洲第 106 位、全球 800-850 区间，这是该校近年有记录的最好国际表现。

• National accreditation has consistently placed EPN among Ecuador's leading institutions in technical and engineering education.该校在技术与工程教育方面长期位居厄瓜多尔前列，与中央大学、洛哈国立大学同属第一梯队。

• EPN has been a member of the Ecuadorian Network of Universities for Research and Postgraduate Studies since 2012, a grouping that coordinates doctoral training and research funding.EPN 自 2012 年起加入厄瓜多尔研究与研究生教育大学网络，该组织协调博士培养与科研经费。

• Its Geophysical Institute gives the university a public profile beyond academia, because its bulletins on Cotopaxi, Tungurahua and the Galápagos volcanoes are carried by national media.该校地球物理研究所使大学超越学界进入公众视野，其关于科托帕希、通古拉瓦与加拉帕戈斯火山的通报常被全国媒体转载。

• As the second-oldest public university in Ecuador, founded in 1869, EPN combines a long institutional history with a narrowly technical mission.作为 1869 年创办的厄瓜多尔第二古老公立大学，EPN 兼具悠久的机构历史与高度聚焦的理工使命。

Student life

• EPN's motto is La Ciencia al Servicio del Hombre, Science in the Service of Man, a phrase that summarises its applied and public-service ethos, appears on the university's official publications and is displayed at the main entrance.EPN 的校训是「La Ciencia al Servicio del Hombre」，即「科学服务于人类」，概括了其应用与公共服务的办学取向。

• The university has no formal Latin motto or documented school song, and its identity is carried instead by the motto and by the observatory and geophysical institute.该校没有正式的拉丁文校训，也没有有据可查的校歌，其身份认同主要由校训以及天文台与地球物理研究所承载。

• About 10,000 students attend EPN, roughly 30 per cent of them women, and teaching is conducted in Spanish.EPN 约有 1 万名学生，其中约 30% 为女性，多数住在基多或从周边安第斯省份通勤。

• Student life is centred on the El Girón campus, where laboratories, workshops and the natural history museum structure the daily routine.学生生活以希尔翁校区为中心，实验室、工场与自然史博物馆构成了日常学习生活的骨架。

• The Quito Astronomical Observatory runs annual summer courses in astronomy for the general public, giving students a channel for science outreach.基多天文台每年举办公众天文暑期课程，为学生提供了科学传播的渠道。

• The Gustavo Orcés Natural History Museum contributes to national environmental education through school visits and public programmes on Ecuadorian fauna, and the observatory opens its dome to visitors.古斯塔沃·奥塞斯自然史博物馆通过学校参观与厄瓜多尔动物公众项目，参与全国环境教育。

• During volcanic emergencies the Geophysical Institute issues public alerts based on its monitoring networks in the Andes and the Galápagos.火山应急期间，地球物理研究所向公众发布警报，地质与地球物理专业的学生则参与安第斯与加拉帕戈斯的野外监测。

• The campus lies within walking distance of La Alameda park and the colonial centre, so students share the daily life of a capital city of about two million people, whose museums, libraries and public spaces of Quito are within reach of the campus.校区步行可达拉阿拉梅达公园与殖民时期老城，学生因而融入这座约两百万人口首都的日常生活。

Notable people

• Gabriel García Moreno, president of Ecuador in 1860-1865 and 1869-1875, promoted the founding decree of 1869 and recruited the Jesuit professors who staffed the institute.加夫列尔·加西亚·莫雷诺曾任 1860-1865 年与 1869-1875 年厄瓜多尔总统，推动 1869 年建校法令并延聘耶稣会教授任教。

• Juan Bautista Menten, a German Jesuit, was the first director of the institute and organised its early curriculum in mathematics, physics and engineering.德国耶稣会士胡安·包蒂斯塔·门滕是学院首任院长，组织了早期的数学、物理与工程课程。

• Theodor Wolf, a German geologist and cartographer, taught at the institute and produced foundational maps and mineralogical studies of Ecuador.德国地质学家与地图学家特奥多尔·沃尔夫曾在学院任教，绘制了厄瓜多尔的基础地图并开展矿物学研究。

• Luigi Sodiro, an Italian botanist, taught at the institute and later at the Central University, and his plant collections remain important to Ecuadorian botany.意大利植物学家路易吉·索迪罗先后在学院与中央大学任教，其植物标本收藏至今对厄瓜多尔植物学具有重要意义。

• Joseph Kolberg, an architect and engineer, taught at the institute and contributed to the introduction of electric lighting in Quito.建筑师与工程师约瑟夫·科尔贝格曾在学院任教，并参与了基多电灯的引入。

• Louis Dressel, a chemist, was among the first professors and helped establish laboratory teaching in the applied sciences.化学家路易斯·德雷塞尔是最早的教授之一，推动了应用科学中的实验教学。

• José María Velasco Ibarra, five-time president of Ecuador, signed the decree of 28 February 1935 that reopened the institution after nearly six decades.五度出任厄瓜多尔总统的何塞·马里亚·贝拉斯科·伊瓦拉签署了 1935 年 2 月 28 日的法令，使学院在关闭近六十年后复办。

• José Rubén Orellana Ricaurte, rector when the university moved in 1964, gave his name to the El Girón campus.何塞·鲁文·奥雷利亚纳·里考尔特在 1964 年迁校时担任校长，希尔翁校区以他命名。

• Gustavo Orcés, zoologist and director of the natural history work from 1952 to 1990, pioneered the study of Ecuadorian vertebrates and is commemorated in the museum's name.动物学家古斯塔沃·奥塞斯自 1952 年至 1990 年主持自然史研究，开创了厄瓜多尔脊椎动物研究，博物馆以他命名。

• Robert Hoffstetter, a French palaeontologist of the 1946 mission, was the first director of the Institute of Biological Sciences and built its Pleistocene mammal collection.1946 年法国代表团成员、古生物学家罗贝尔·奥夫施泰特是生物科学研究所首任所长，建立了该所的更新世哺乳动物收藏。

• Franz Spillmann, an Austrian palaeontologist, collected the fossil vertebrates that formed the basis of the institute's early research programme.奥地利古生物学家弗朗茨·施皮尔曼采集的脊椎动物化石，构成了研究所早期研究计划的基础。
• Antonio Borrero, president of Ecuador in 1875-1876, signed the closure of the institute on 15 September 1876.安东尼奥·博雷罗在 1875-1876 年任厄瓜多尔总统，于 1876 年 9 月 15 日签署法令关闭该学院。