Duke University

Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States, founded by Methodists and Quakers in 1838 in what is now the town of Trinity and moved to Durham in 1892.杜克大学是一所位于美国北卡罗来纳州达勒姆的私立研究型大学，1838 年由卫理公会与贵格会教徒在今日的三一镇创办，并于 1892 年迁至达勒姆。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed 70th, in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings 32nd, and in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities 30th, while U.S. News ranks it eighth among national universities.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中它位列第 70，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名位列第 32，2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名位列第 30，同一份 US News 本科榜则把它列为全美第 8。

The campus spans 8,693 acres across four connected areas in Durham and a marine laboratory on the Atlantic coast, and the motto is Eruditio et Religio, rendered as Knowledge and Religion.校园占地 8,693 英亩，由达勒姆城内四个相连片区与一处大西洋沿岸的海洋实验室构成，校训为拉丁文「Eruditio et Religio」，通常译作知识与信仰。

History

• Duke first opened in 1838 as Brown's Schoolhouse, a private subscription school founded by the Union Institute Society, a group of Methodists and Quakers, in Randolph County in the present-day town of Trinity.杜克最早于 1838 年以布朗学校之名开办，这是一所由卫理公会与贵格会教徒组成的联合学社协会在兰道夫县、今日三一镇创办的私立捐资学校。

• The academy was renamed Union Institute Academy in 1841 when North Carolina issued it a charter, became Normal College in 1851, and was renamed Trinity College in 1859 with the support of the Methodist Church.1841 年北卡罗来纳州颁发特许状后该校改名为联合学院，1851 年又改为师范学院，1859 年在卫理公会教会的支持下定名三一学院。

• In 1878 Trinity awarded A.B. degrees to three sisters, Mary, Persis and Theresa Giles, who had studied both with private tutors and in classes alongside men.1878 年，三一学院向三姐妹玛丽、珀西斯与特蕾莎·贾尔斯授予学士学位，她们此前既请过私人教师，也曾与男生同班听课。

• Trinity moved to Durham in 1892 largely through the generosity of two powerful Methodists, Julian S. Carr and Washington Duke, who had grown wealthy in the tobacco and electrical industries.1892 年三一学院迁往达勒姆，主要靠两位在烟草与电气行业致富的卫理公会教徒朱利安·卡尔与华盛顿·杜克的慷慨。

• Carr, already the college's longest-serving trustee and largest benefactor after giving 10,000 dollars in 1887, donated a 62-acre tract called Blackwell Park valued at 50,000 dollars for the original Durham campus that became East Campus.卡尔此前已是学院任期最长的校董与最大捐助人，1887 年捐出 1 万美元，1892 年又捐出估值 5 万美元的 62 英亩地块布莱克韦尔公园，用作后来被称为东校区的达勒姆本部。

• Washington Duke gave 85,000 dollars, of which 50,000 was earmarked for the erection of the main central building, and then added three separate gifts of 100,000 dollars in 1896, 1899 and 1900.华盛顿·杜克捐出 8.5 万美元，其中 5 万美元指定用于兴建中央主楼，之后又在 1896 年、1899 年与 1900 年各追加一笔 10 万美元。

• Those later gifts carried the stipulation that the college open its doors to women and place them on an equal footing with men, a provision Washington Duke withdrew by letter to the board of trustees in 1903, noting it was the only limitation he had ever put on a gift to the college.这些后续捐款附带条件，要求学院向女性开放门户并使她们与男性地位平等，1903 年华盛顿·杜克致函校董会撤回该项条件，并说明这是他捐赠生涯中唯一一次附加限制。

• William Preston Few became president of Trinity College in 1910 and sought to establish the institution as a southern counterpart to Yale and Harvard.1910 年威廉·普莱斯顿·菲尤出任三一学院校长，力图把这所学校建成耶鲁与哈佛在南方的对等者。

• In 1924 James B. Duke, the son of Washington Duke and a tobacco and electric power industrialist, established The Duke Endowment with a 40 million dollar trust fund, and the college took the name Duke University in honour of his father.1924 年华盛顿·杜克之子、烟草与电力实业家詹姆斯·布坎南·杜克以 4,000 万美元设立杜克捐赠基金信托，学校随之以其父之名改称杜克大学。

• Income from that endowment was earmarked for hospitals, orphanages, the Methodist Church and four colleges including Trinity, and Duke University is today the fund's primary beneficiary, receiving about 32 percent of its payouts.该捐赠基金的收益指定用于医院、孤儿院、卫理公会教会与包括三一学院在内的四所高校，如今杜克大学是这只基金最主要的受惠方，领取其约 32% 的拨付。

• Money from the endowment let the original campus be rebuilt from 1925 to 1927 in Georgian style, and by 1930 most of the Collegiate Gothic buildings on the campus a mile to the west were complete.捐赠基金使学校得以在 1925 至 1927 年以乔治亚风格重建原址校园，到 1930 年以西一英里处哥特式大学校园的大部分建筑已经落成。

• Construction on the west campus culminated in the completion of Duke Chapel in 1935, and Duke stone for the project was bought from a quarry at Hillsborough in 1925 by Comptroller Frank Clyde Brown.西校区的建设以 1935 年杜克教堂的落成为标志，而建筑所用杜克石由财务长弗兰克·克莱德·布朗于 1925 年购自希尔斯伯勒附近的一座采石场。

• Engineering, taught at the college since 1903, became a separate school in 1939, the president's official residence, the J. Deryl Hart House, was completed in 1934, and Duke Forest was established in 1931.自 1903 年起开设的工程学于 1939 年独立建院，校长官邸杰里尔·哈特宅邸于 1934 年建成，杜克森林则在 1931 年设立。

• Duke hosted and played the first Rose Bowl ever held outside California in Wallace Wade Stadium in 1942, and during the Second World War it was one of 131 colleges and universities in the V-12 Navy College Training Program.1942 年杜克在华莱士·韦德体育场举办了历史上首场加州以外的玫瑰碗比赛，二战期间它还是全美 131 所参加海军 V-12 学院训练计划的院校之一。

• A group of divinity school students petitioned for desegregation in 1948, the first concerted effort to challenge the admission policy, the first Black graduate students enrolled in 1961 and Black undergraduates were admitted in September 1963.1948 年一批神学院学生提出要求取消种族隔离的请愿，这是校方首次遭遇有组织的挑战，1961 年首批黑人研究生入学，1963 年 9 月起开始招收黑人本科生。

• Martin Luther King Jr. spoke at the university in November 1964 on the progress of the Civil Rights Movement, and in 1969 Terry Sanford, the former governor of North Carolina, was elected president.1964 年 11 月，马丁·路德·金在此就民权运动的进展发表演说，1969 年前北卡罗来纳州州长特里·桑福德当选校长。

• Under Sanford the Fuqua School of Business opened, the William R. Perkins library was completed and the Institute of Policy Sciences and Public Affairs, now the Sanford School of Public Policy, was founded, and the Woman's College merged back with Trinity in 1972.在桑福德任内，福夸商学院开办，威廉·帕金斯图书馆落成，公共政策与政策科学研究所成立，即今日的桑福德公共政策学院，1972 年女子学院与三一学院重新合并。

• From the 1970s Duke promoted interdisciplinary work and the recruitment of minority faculty and students, and it became the birthplace of the first Physician Assistant degree programme in the United States.自 1970 年代起，杜克着力推动跨学科研究并招募少数族裔师生，同时成为美国第一个医师助理学位项目的诞生地。

• Duke University Hospital was finished in 1980 and the student union building two years later, while the men's soccer team captured the university's first NCAA team championship in 1986.达勒姆的杜克大学医院于 1980 年落成，学生会大楼两年后建成，男子足球队则在 1986 年夺得学校首个 NCAA 团体冠军。

• From February 2001 to November 2005 the university spent 835 million dollars on 34 major construction projects under a five-year plan called Building on Excellence.2001 年 2 月至 2005 年 11 月，学校在名为「卓越奠基」的五年规划下投入 8.35 亿美元，完成了 34 个大型建设项目。

• On 9 November 2015 the Office of Research Integrity found that the associate professor Anil Potti and the researcher Joseph Nevins had engaged in research misconduct, and in 2019 Duke paid 112.5 million dollars to settle False Claims Act allegations.2015 年 11 月 9 日，研究诚信办公室认定副教授阿尼尔·波蒂与研究员约瑟夫·内文斯存在研究不端行为，2019 年杜克又支付 1.125 亿美元就《虚假申报法》相关指控达成和解。

• In response Duke set up the Office of Scientific Integrity under the engineering professor Lawrence Carin, following advice from an academic panel drawn from Caltech, Stanford and Rockefeller University.在加州理工学院、斯坦福与洛克菲勒大学学者组成的顾问小组建议下，杜克在工程学教授劳伦斯·卡林主持下设立科学诚信办公室。

• Following the violent clashes at the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville in August 2017, the statue of the Confederate general Robert E. Lee was removed from the entrance to Duke Chapel after vandals had damaged it.2017 年 8 月夏洛茨维尔「团结右派」集会爆发冲突后，杜克教堂入口处遭人涂损的南方邦联将领罗伯特·李骑马像被移走。

• The Duke Forward campaign, a seven-year fundraising effort, had raised 3.85 billion dollars by August 2017, and in August 2020 the first undergraduate students from Duke Kunshan University arrived for study abroad on the Durham campus.为期七年的募款行动「杜克前行」到 2017 年 8 月已筹得 38.5 亿美元，2020 年 8 月昆山杜克大学的首批本科生抵达达勒姆校区交流学习。

Academics

• Duke has 12 schools and institutes, of which three host undergraduate programmes, the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, the Pratt School of Engineering and Duke Kunshan University.杜克大学设有 12 个学院与研究所，其中三个招收本科生，即三一文理学院、普拉特工程学院与昆山杜克大学。

• Those institutions were founded across a long span, the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences in 1838, the School of Law in 1868, the Graduate School and the Divinity School in 1926, the School of Medicine in 1930, the School of Nursing in 1931, the Nicholas School of the Environment in 1938, the Pratt School of Engineering in 1939, the Fuqua School of Business in 1969 and the Sanford School of Public Policy in 1971.这些机构的创办时间跨度很大，三一文理学院 1838 年，法学院 1868 年，研究生院与神学院 1926 年，医学院 1930 年，护理学院 1931 年，尼古拉斯环境学院 1938 年，普拉特工程学院 1939 年，福夸商学院 1969 年，桑福德公共政策学院 1971 年。

• Undergraduates may choose from 57 majors in the arts and sciences, six engineering majors, 62 minors and 22 certificate programmes, with Program II allowing students to design their own interdisciplinary major and IDEAS doing the same in engineering.本科生可在 57 个文理专业、6 个工程专业、62 个辅修方向与 22 个证书项目之间选择，其中「Program II」允许学生自行设计跨学科主修，「IDEAS」则在工程学科内提供同样的通道。

• Eighty percent of undergraduates enrol in the Trinity College of Arts and Sciences and the remainder in the Pratt School of Engineering, and first-year students all take a First-Year Experience built on three interconnected courses.八成本科生就读于三一文理学院，其余就读于普拉特工程学院，所有一年级学生都要修读由三门相互衔接课程构成的新生体验。

• The Graduate School trains roughly 1,200 doctoral and master's students across the arts and sciences as well as in divinity, engineering, business and environmental and earth sciences.研究生院在文理、神学、工程、商学以及环境与地球科学等领域培养约 1,200 名博士与硕士生。

• In the autumn of 2025 Duke had 17,325 students, including 6,525 undergraduates and 10,800 graduate and professional students, and it counted 4,236 faculty in the autumn of 2024.2025 年秋季杜克有学生 17,325 人，其中本科生 6,525 人、研究生与专业学位学生 10,800 人，2024 年秋季共有专任教师 4,236 人。

• It admits among the most selective classes in the United States, receiving nearly 55,000 applications for the Class of 2028 with an overall acceptance rate of 5.1 percent and a yield rate of 54 percent for the Class of 2023.它的招生选择性居全美前列，2028 届收到近 5.5 万份申请，整体录取率为 5.1%，2023 届的入学确认率为 54%。

• Admission is need-blind and the university meets 100 percent of admitted students' demonstrated needs, with an average need-based grant of 63,590 dollars in 2023-2024 and about half of all students receiving some form of financial aid.学校实行不看家庭经济背景的录取政策，并满足全部录取新生经核定的经济需求，2023 至 2024 学年基于需求的平均助学金为 63,590 美元，约半数学生获得某种形式的经济资助。

• About 60 merit-based full-tuition scholarships are offered, among them the Angier B. Duke Memorial Scholarship for academic excellence, the Benjamin N. Duke Scholarship for community service and the Robertson Scholars Leadership Program.学校提供约 60 项以优异表现为标准的全额奖学金，其中包括表彰学术卓越的安吉尔·杜克纪念奖学金、嘉奖社区服务的本杰明·杜克奖学金，以及与北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校合办的罗伯逊学者领导力项目。

• The National Science Foundation ranked Duke ninth among American universities for research and development expenditure in 2022, at 1.39 billion dollars, and the university spent more than 1.5 billion dollars on research in 2024.美国国家科学基金会在 2022 年把杜克的研发经费列入全美高校第九位，金额为 13.9 亿美元，2024 年学校的科研支出超过 15 亿美元。

• In fiscal year 2021 Duke received 608 million dollars from the National Institutes of Health, ranking third nationally, and the university is classified among R1 doctoral universities for very high research activity.2021 财年杜克从美国国立卫生研究院获得 6.08 亿美元，位列全美第三，学校同时被归入科研活动强度最高的 R1 类博士大学。

• The Levine Science Research Center is the largest single-site interdisciplinary research facility of any American university, and among its special academic facilities Duke counts Duke Forest, the Duke Herbarium, a lemur centre, a phytotron, a free-electron laser and a marine laboratory.莱文科学研究中心是美国任何大学中单体规模最大的跨学科研究设施，学校的专用学术设施还包括杜克森林、杜克植物标本室、狐猴中心、植物生长室、自由电子激光器与海洋实验室。

• The Fitzpatrick Center for Interdisciplinary Engineering, Medicine and Applied Sciences opened in August 2004 at a cost of more than 97 million dollars, and the Wilkinson Building, 150,000 square feet, opened for classes in early 2021.菲茨帕特里克跨学科工程、医学与应用科学中心于 2004 年 8 月启用，耗资逾 9,700 万美元，15 万平方英尺的威尔金森大楼则于 2021 年初开课。

• Two of its faculty shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Robert Lefkowitz in 2012 for work on cell-surface receptors and Paul Modrich in 2015 for the discovery of a mechanism of DNA repair.学校有两位教职人员分享了诺贝尔化学奖，分别是 2012 年因细胞表面受体研究获奖的罗伯特·莱夫科维茨与 2015 年因发现 DNA 修复机制获奖的保罗·莫德里奇。

• In May 2006 Duke researchers completed the mapping of the final human chromosome, marking the completion of the Human Genome Project, and the biomedical engineering department developed the first real-time three-dimensional ultrasound diagnostic system.2006 年 5 月，杜克研究者完成了最后一条人类染色体的测序图谱，标志人类基因组计划完成，其生物医学工程系还研制出世界首套实时三维超声诊断系统。

• The Pratt School of Engineering, named in 1999 after a 35 million dollar gift from the 1947 graduate Edmund T. Pratt Jr., a former chief executive of Pfizer, supports more than 60 percent of its undergraduates through intensive research.普拉特工程学院以 1947 届毕业生、辉瑞公司前首席执行官小埃德蒙·普拉特 3,500 万美元的捐赠于 1999 年命名，该院超过六成本科生在校期间接受过高强度科研训练。

• Pratt's Hudson Hall, built in 1948, is the oldest engineering building at Duke, and its research expenditure exceeds 88 million dollars a year, with more than 30 alumni and faculty elected to the National Academy of Engineering since its founding in 1964.普拉特的哈德森楼建于 1948 年，是杜克最老的工程建筑，该院年科研经费超过 8,800 万美元，自 1964 年成立以来已有 30 多位校友与教师当选美国国家工程院院士。

• Duke Kunshan University, established in 2013 with Wuhan University and the city of Kunshan, lets undergraduates choose from 15 interdisciplinary majors approved by Duke and the Chinese Ministry of Education and awards degrees from both institutions.昆山杜克大学 2013 年由杜克、武汉大学与昆山市合作创办，本科生可从杜克与中国教育部共同批准的 15 个跨学科专业中选择，毕业时同时获得两校学位。

• Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore, whose first entering class arrived in 2007, draws 60 percent of its students from Singapore and 40 percent from more than 20 countries, and its curriculum is based on that of the Duke University School of Medicine.新加坡的杜克-新加坡国立大学医学院首届学生于 2007 年入学，其中 60% 来自新加坡本地，40% 来自 20 多个国家，其课程以杜克大学医学院为蓝本。

Campus

• Duke owns 245 buildings on 8,693 acres of land, of which Duke Forest accounts for 7,044 acres, and the campus is divided into West, East and Central campuses and the Medical Center, all linked by a free bus service.杜克大学在 8,693 英亩土地上拥有 245 座建筑，其中杜克森林占 7,044 英亩，校园分为西、东、中三校区与医学中心，各区之间有免费班车相联。

• The West Campus, the main campus, spans 720 acres and contains seven residential quadrangles, and much of it was designed by Julian Abele, one of the first prominent African-American architects and chief designer in the offices of Horace Trumbauer.作为主校区的西校区占地 720 英亩，内有七个居住方院，其中大部分由霍勒斯·特朗博尔事务所的首席设计师、非洲裔美国建筑师先驱之一朱利安·阿贝尔设计。

• Duke Chapel, built from 1930 to 1935 from Duke stone, stands at the centre of the West Campus on its highest ridge, seats 1,600 people and is 210 feet tall, making it one of the tallest structures in Durham County.杜克教堂以杜克石于 1930 至 1935 年建成，坐落在西校区最高处的山脊中央，可容纳 1,600 人，高 210 英尺，是达勒姆县最高的建筑之一。

• East Campus, the original Durham site donated by Julian S. Carr, covers 172 acres and sits 1.5 miles from West Campus, and since the 1995-96 academic year it has housed all first-year students in Georgian-style residence halls.东校区是朱利安·卡尔当年捐出的达勒姆原址，占地 172 英亩，距西校区 1.5 英里，自 1995 至 1996 学年起全部一年级学生都住在这一乔治亚风格的校区宿舍里。

• Central Campus, 122 acres lying between East and West, houses the Nasher Museum of Art, designed by Rafael Viñoly and opened in 2005 at a cost of more than 23 million dollars, and it stopped housing undergraduates after the 2018-2019 school year.位于东西校区之间、占地 122 英亩的中校区设有纳舍艺术博物馆，该馆由拉斐尔·维尼奥利设计，2005 年启用，耗资逾 2,300 万美元，2018 至 2019 学年结束后不再安排本科生住宿。

• Duke Forest, established in 1931 and divided into six units, is the largest private research forest in North Carolina, and more than 30 miles of its trails are open to the public for walking, cycling and horse riding.杜克森林建于 1931 年，分作六个分区，是北美最大的私有研究森林，其中逾 30 英里的步道向公众开放，供徒步、骑行与骑马使用。

• The Duke Lemur Center, founded in 1966 within Duke Forest, is the world's largest sanctuary for rare and endangered strepsirrhine primates, spanning 85 acres and holding nearly 300 animals of 25 species.1966 年在杜克森林内成立的杜克狐猴中心是世界最大的珍稀濒原鼻猴类保护地，占地 85 英亩，饲养近 300 只分属 25 个物种的狐猴、丛猴与懒猴。

• The Sarah P. Duke Gardens, laid out in the early 1930s on 55 acres between West and Central Campus, attract more than 300,000 visitors a year and contain five miles of allées and paths.莎拉·杜克花园于 1930 年代初在东西校区之间的 55 英亩土地上辟建，每年吸引逾 30 万名参观者，园内有总长 5 英里的林荫道与步道。

• The Duke University Marine Laboratory stands on Pivers Island off Beaufort, North Carolina, with its first buildings erected in 1938 and the Orrin H. Pilkey Marine Research Laboratory dedicated in May 2014.杜克大学海洋实验室位于北卡罗来纳州博福特外海的皮弗斯岛，首批建筑建于 1938 年，2014 年 5 月奥林·皮尔基海洋研究实验室落成揭幕。

• Duke University Hospital, established in 1930, is a 957-bed academic tertiary care facility and one of three Level I referral centres serving North Carolina's Research Triangle region.1930 年成立的杜克大学医院拥有 957 张急性病治疗床位，是一座学术型三级医疗中心，也是服务北卡罗来纳州研究三角区三家一级转诊中心之一。

Reputation

• Duke is ranked 70th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, 32nd in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and 30th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities, and it is not listed in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.杜克大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 70，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 32，2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 30，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名则未收录该校。^[1]

• U.S. News placed Duke eighth among national universities in 2027, and the Times Higher Education and Wall Street Journal college rankings put it fifth in 2021, second for student outcomes in a tie with Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford.US News 在 2027 年把杜克列为全美大学第 8，2021 年泰晤士高等教育与华尔街日报联办的学院排名也将其列在第 5 位，学生成果分项则以并列方式与哈佛、麻省理工与斯坦福同列第 2。

• In U.S. News discipline rankings Duke leads the nation in the Physician Assistant programme, is second in nursing doctorates and physical therapy, fifth in medical research and sixth in law.在 US News 的学科排名中，杜克的医师助理专业居全美第一，护理博士与物理治疗分列第二，医学研究第五，法律第六。

• Among global subject rankings it places fourth in cardiac and cardiovascular systems, eighteenth in oncology, twenty-first in surgery and twenty-third in immunology.在全球学科排名中，它的心脏与心血管系统列第 4，肿瘤学第 18，外科第 21，免疫学第 23。

• Among its affiliated scholars it counts sixteen Nobel laureates, three of them alumni, three winners of the Turing Award and fifty Rhodes Scholars, along with one president of the United States, one president of Chile and twenty-five US cabinet members.学校关联的学者中有 16 位诺贝尔奖得主，其中 3 位为校友，另有 3 位图灵奖得主与 50 位罗德学者，校友中还包含 1 位美国总统、1 位智利总统与 25 位美国内阁成员。

• OpenAlex records 294,533 works and 36,543,210 citations attributable to the institution, a scale consistent with its classification as an R1 university of very high research activity.OpenAlex 收录与该校关联的成果 294,533 项、被引 36,543,210 次，这一规模与其「科研活动强度最高的 R1 类大学」定位相符。

• Duke forms one corner of North Carolina's Research Triangle together with North Carolina State University in Raleigh and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and it is a member of the Association of American Universities.杜克与位于罗利的北卡罗来纳州立大学、教堂山分校北卡罗来纳大学共同构成北卡罗来纳州研究三角区的一角，同时是美国大学协会成员。

• Because of its academic standing and social prestige it is regularly described as an Ivy Plus and Southern Ivy institution, and its Fuqua School of Business was named first in the nation for the full-time MBA programme by BusinessWeek in 2014.凭借学术实力与社会声望，它常被称为「常春藤增强」与「南方常春藤」成员，其福夸商学院的全日制工商管理硕士项目在 2014 年被《商业周刊》列为全美第一。

• The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, maintains historical ties with the United Methodist Church while operating as a nonsectarian and independent institution, and operates parallel schools in Singapore and Kunshan.学校由美国南部学院与学校协会认证，与联合卫理公会保有历史联系，但作为无教派独立机构运作，并在新加坡与昆山设有并行学院。

Student life

• The university's motto is Eruditio et Religio, usually rendered as Knowledge and Religion and in Chinese as 博学笃信, a pairing of learning with faith rooted in its Methodist origins.学校校训为拉丁文「Eruditio et Religio」，通常英译为知识与信仰，中文作「博学笃信」，这一表述把学问与信仰并列，源于其卫理公会背景。

• Duke requires undergraduates to live on campus for their first three years, apart from a small share of second-semester juniors released by lottery, and 85 percent of undergraduates live on campus.除少数通过抽签获准豁免的三下学期学生外，本科生须在前三年住校，目前 85% 的本科生住在校园内。

• All first-year students are housed in fourteen residence halls on East Campus, ranging from Epworth, the oldest, built in 1892 as the Inn with about 50 residents, to Trinity with 250.全部一年级学生住在东校区的十四座宿舍楼中，最早的是 1892 年以「客栈」名义建成的埃普沃思楼，可住约 50 人，特里尼楼则可住 250 人。

• Sophomores and juniors live on West Campus in seven quadrangles, four of which date from the 1930s, organised into houses, wellness houses and living-learning communities, while the QuadEX residential system was introduced in 2021.二三年级学生住在西校区的七个方院，其中四个建于 1930 年代，校内按「学生楼」、健康主题楼与住宿学习共同体组织，2021 年学校又引入了 QuadEX 住宿制度。

• Fifteen fraternities and nine sororities are housed on campus, about 30 percent of undergraduate men and 40 percent of undergraduate women are members, and the Omega Psi Phi Omega Zeta chapter of 12 April 1974 was the first historically African-American Greek letter organisation there.校区内住有 15 个兄弟会与 9 个姐妹会，约 30% 的本科男生与 40% 的本科女生为会员，1974 年 4 月 12 日成立的奥米伽 Psi Phi 兄弟会 Zeta 分会是该校第一个非裔美国人希腊字母组织。

• The Chronicle has been published as an independent undergraduate daily since 1905 and won best in show in the tabloid division at the 2005 Associated Collegiate Press convention, while the student television station Cable 13 dates from 1976 and the non-commercial radio station WXDU from 1983.《纪事报》自 1905 年起作为独立的本科生日报持续出版，并在 2005 年美国高校新闻记者协会年会的报刊组别获得最佳展示奖，学生电视台 Cable 13 创办于 1976 年，非商业电台 WXDU 始于 1983 年。

• Duke athletics is central to student life, and fans known as the Cameron Crazies tent for home games in Krzyzewskiville, the area around Cameron Indoor Stadium, with the tent count capped at 100.杜克体育在学生生活中居于核心，被称作「卡梅伦狂热者」的球迷会在卡梅伦室内体育场周边即克雷谢夫斯基村的草地搭帐篷为主场助威，帐篷数量上限为 100 顶。

• A bench-burning tradition began in 1986 after certain basketball victories, and Duke teams compete in 27 NCAA Division I sports and have won 17 NCAA team championships, seven of them in women's golf.1986 年起，球队在部分篮球获胜后会焚烧长椅，这一传统延续至今，杜克队参加 NCAA 一级 27 个项目，已赢得 17 次 NCAA 团体冠军，其中女子高尔夫独占 7 次。

• Each fall brings Reunion Weekend and Homecoming, and Duke sustains an active alumni base of more than 145,000 people organised into 75 clubs in the United States and 38 abroad.每年秋季举办校友返校周与返校节，杜克拥有超过 145,000 人的活跃校友群体，在美国设有 75 个校友俱乐部、海外另有 38 个。

Notable people

• James Buchanan Duke, a tobacco and electric power industrialist, founded The Duke Endowment in 1924 and gave his name to the university, which was renamed from Trinity College in the same year.烟草与电力实业家詹姆斯·布坎南·杜克于 1924 年创立杜克捐赠基金，并以己名命名学校，三一学院同年更名为杜克大学。

• His father Washington Duke was a major benefactor who donated 85,000 dollars for the move to Durham and later three gifts of 100,000 dollars conditioned on admitting women.其父华盛顿·杜克是主要捐助人，为迁校捐出 8.5 万美元，后来又三度各捐 10 万美元，条件是学校招收女生。

• Julian S. Carr, a longtime trustee of the college, was its largest benefactor before the move and gave the 62-acre Blackwell Park tract that became East Campus.作为三一学院长期担任的校董，朱利安·卡尔在迁校前是学校最大捐助人，他捐出的 62 英亩布莱克韦尔公园地块成为后来的东校区。

• William Preston Few, president from 1910, pressed successfully for the 1924 renaming to Duke University so that the school would not be confused with the many other Trinity colleges.1910 年起担任校长的威廉·普莱斯顿·菲尤力主 1924 年更名杜克大学，以免与众多同名「三一」院校混淆。

• Vincent Edward Price is president, with Alec Gallimore as provost, and Terry Sanford, previously governor of North Carolina, led the university from 1969 as the architect of its growth in public policy.现任校长为文森特·爱德华·普莱斯，教务长为亚历克·加里莫尔，而曾任北卡罗来纳州州长的特里·桑福德自 1969 年起主持校务，擘画了学校在公共政策方向的增长。

• Richard Nixon, who received his J.D. from Duke in 1937, became the thirty-seventh president of the United States and remains the only US president associated with the university as a graduate.1937 年在杜克取得法学学位的理查德·尼克松后来成为美国第 37 任总统，至今仍是唯一一位以研究生身份与该校相关的美国总统。

• Tim Cook, who earned an M.B.A. from the Fuqua School in 1988, is chief executive of Apple, and fellow alumna Melinda French Gates, who took a B.A. in 1986 and an M.B.A. in 1987, is a major philanthropist.1988 年自福夸商学院取得工商管理硕士学位的蒂姆·库克现任苹果公司首席执行官，校友梅琳达·弗伦奇·盖茨则于 1986 年获学士学位、1987 年获硕士学位，是重要的慈善家。

• Other prominent graduates include Elizabeth Dole, a former US senator and cabinet secretary, J. B. Pritzker, the forty-third governor of Illinois, Ken Jeong the actor, and Chris Kempczinski, chief executive of McDonald's.其他杰出校友还包括曾任美国参议员与内阁部长的伊丽莎白·霍尔、担任伊利诺伊州第 43 任州长的 J. B. 普里茨克、演员郑恺仁，以及麦当劳首席执行官克里斯·肯普琴斯基。

• Mike Krzyzewski coached Duke men's basketball for 42 years from 1980 to 2022, winning five NCAA titles and leading the United States national team to Olympic gold in 2008, 2012 and 2016.迈克·克雷谢夫斯基自 1980 年至 2022 年执教杜克男篮 42 年，率队五夺 NCAA 冠军，并带领美国国家队夺得 2008 年、2012 年与 2016 年三届奥运会金牌。

• Soong Ching-shih, a late Qing and early Republic businessman, studied at Trinity College and is recorded as the first foreign student in its registers.中国清末民初实业家宋嘉澍曾就读于三一学院，是该校名册上登记的第一位外籍学生。