Dartmouth College

Dartmouth College is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States, established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock and Samson Occom to train Native American Christian missionaries.达特茅斯学院（Dartmouth College）是位于美国新罕布什尔州汉诺威的一所私立常春藤联盟研究型大学，由埃利埃泽·惠若克与萨姆森·奥科姆于 1769 年创办，旨在培养美洲原住民基督教传教士。

It is one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution, provides a liberal arts curriculum through 39 academic departments, and has four graduate and professional schools.该校是美国独立战争前获特许状建立的九所殖民地学院之一，通过 39 个学术系所提供文理课程，并设有四个研究生与专业学院。

It enrols about 6,700 students, the smallest student body in the Ivy League, and is placed joint 270th in the QS World University Rankings 2027, 167th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, 331st in the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 and in the 201-300 band of the Shanghai ARWU 2026.该校在校生约 6,700 人，是常春藤联盟中规模最小者；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 270 位，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名第 167 位，《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 最佳全球大学排名第 331 位，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名位列 201-300 区间。

History

• Eleazar Wheelock, a Yale graduate and Congregational minister from Windham, Connecticut, sought to train Native Americans as Christian missionaries, inspired by his relationship with the Mohegan Samson Occom.埃利埃泽·惠若克是耶鲁毕业生、康涅狄格州温德姆的公理会牧师，受其与莫西干人萨姆森·奥科姆交往的启发，他决心培养美洲原住民成为基督教传教士。
• Wheelock founded Moor's Indian Charity School in 1755, and the first major donation came from John Phillips in 1762, who went on to found Phillips Exeter Academy.惠若克于 1755 年创办摩尔印第安慈善学校，第一笔重要捐款来自 1762 年的约翰·菲利普斯，他后来创办了菲利普斯埃克塞特学院。
• Occom, accompanied by the Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, travelled to England in 1766 to raise money from churches, and with these funds they established a trust headed by William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth.奥科姆由纳撒尼尔·惠特克牧师陪同，于 1766 年前往英格兰向各教会筹款，并以此设立由第二代达特茅斯伯爵威廉·莱格主持的信托基金。
• The Royal Governor of New Hampshire, John Wentworth, provided the land upon which Dartmouth would be built and on December 13, 1769 issued a royal charter in the name of King George III establishing the college.新罕布什尔省总督约翰·温特沃斯提供了建校土地，并于 1769 年 12 月 13 日以国王乔治三世的名义颁发特许状，正式建立学院。
• Dartmouth is the nation's ninth oldest college and the last institution of higher learning established under colonial rule, and it granted its first degrees in 1771.达特茅斯学院是美国历史第九悠久的学院，也是殖民统治下建立的最后一所高等学府，1771 年颁授了首批学位。
• Given the limited success of the Charity School, Wheelock intended the new college primarily for whites, and a disappointed Occom formed his own community of New England Indians, the Brothertown Indians, in New York.鉴于慈善学校成效有限，惠若克打算让新学院主要面向白人；大失所望的奥科姆前往纽约，建立了名为「印第安兄弟镇」的新英格兰原住民社群。
• In 1819 the college was the subject of the historic Dartmouth College case, which challenged New Hampshire's 1816 attempt to amend the charter and make the school a public university.1819 年，该学院成为著名的「达特茅斯学院诉伍德沃德案」的当事方，该案挑战了新罕布什尔州 1816 年修改特许状、将学院改为公立大学的企图。
• Daniel Webster, an alumnus of the class of 1801, presented the case to the Supreme Court, which found the amendment an illegal impairment of a contract, and he ended with the famous words that it was still a small college, and yet there are those who love it.1801 届校友丹尼尔·韦伯斯特向美国最高法院陈情，法院裁定该修正案非法损害了契约；他以那句名言作结——它仍是一所小学院，然而仍有人对它满怀热爱。
• Dartmouth taught its first African-American students in 1775 and 1808, and by the end of the Civil War 20 black men had attended the college or its medical school.达特茅斯学院早在 1775 年与 1808 年就开始教育首批黑人学生，到南北战争结束时已有 20 名黑人就读于该校或其医学院。
• In 1866 the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts was incorporated in Hanover in connection with Dartmouth, moved to Durham in 1891 and later became the University of New Hampshire.1866 年，新罕布什尔农业与机械艺术学院在汉诺威成立并与达特茅斯建立联系，1891 年迁往达勒姆，后来发展成为新罕布什尔大学。
• Under President William Jewett Tucker (1893-1909) Dartmouth underwent a major revitalisation, with 20 new structures replacing antiquated buildings while the student body and faculty both expanded threefold, and Presidents Ernest Fox Nichols (1909-16) and Ernest Martin Hopkins (1916-45) continued the modernisation and introduced selective admissions in the 1920s.在校长威廉·朱厄特·塔克（1893-1909）治下，达特茅斯经历大规模复兴，20 座新建筑取代陈旧屋舍，师生规模均扩大三倍；其继任者厄内斯特·福克斯·尼科森（1909-16）与厄内斯特·马丁·霍普金斯（1916-45）延续改革，并于 1920 年代引入选择性录取。
• John Sloan Dickey, president from 1945 to 1970, strongly emphasised the liberal arts, particularly public policy and international relations.约翰·斯隆·迪基于 1945 至 1970 年任校长，大力强调文理教育，尤以公共政策与国际关系见长。
• During World War II Dartmouth was one of 131 colleges and universities that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which offered students a path to a commission in the United States Navy.二战期间，达特茅斯学院是全美 131 所参与 V-12 海军学院培训计划的高校之一，该计划为在校学生提供了获得美国海军军官委任的途径。
• The Dartmouth workshop, held in 1956, is widely considered the founding event of artificial intelligence as a field.1956 年举行的「达特茅斯会议」被广泛视为人工智能作为一个学科的创立事件。
• In 1970 John George Kemeny became president and oversaw the admission of women as full-time students and degree candidates in 1972, while Lorna C. Hill became the first African-American woman to graduate in 1973.1970 年约翰·乔治·凯梅尼出任校长，在其任内学院于 1972 年开始招收女性为全日制学生与学位候选人，洛娜·C·希尔于 1973 年成为首位毕业的非裔女性。
• The college adopted its Dartmouth Plan of year-round academic scheduling in the early 1970s, permitting the student body to grow within the existing facilities.学院于 1970 年代初推行全年排课的「达特茅斯计划」，使在校生规模得以在既有设施内扩大。
• In 1988 the lyrics of Dartmouth's alma mater were changed from Men of Dartmouth to Dear old Dartmouth to refer to women as well as men.1988 年，达特茅斯校歌的歌词从《Men of Dartmouth》改为「Dear old Dartmouth」，以同时涵盖女性与男性。
• In the 1990s the college saw a major academic overhaul under President James O. Freedman and a controversial 1999 initiative to make the single-sex Greek houses coeducational, which ultimately failed.1990 年代，学院在校长詹姆斯·O·弗里德曼治下进行重大教学改革，并于 1999 年提出一项争议性的倡议、欲使单性别希腊字母社团男女同会，最终未能成功。
• The first decade of the 21st century saw the 1.5 billion Campaign for the Dartmouth Experience, the largest capital campaign in the college's history, which surpassed1 billion in 2008.21 世纪的头十年，学院发起耗资 15 亿美元的「达特茅斯体验」筹款运动，为校史上最大的基建募款，并于 2008 年突破 10 亿美元。
• In 2009 Jim Yong Kim, a Harvard professor and physician, became the 17th president and the first Asian-American president of an Ivy League university, and he was succeeded by Philip J. Hanlon in 2013.2009 年，哈佛教授、医生金墉成为第 17 任校长，也是常春藤盟校首位亚裔校长，他于 2013 年由菲利普·J·汉隆接任。
• On June 12, 2023 Sian Beilock began her tenure as the first female president of Dartmouth, and in April 2024 the college announced the Dartmouth Climate Collaboration, pledging $500 million towards eliminating campus carbon emissions by 2050.2023 年 6 月 12 日，希恩莉亚·贝洛克就任达特茅斯首位女校长；2024 年 4 月，学院宣布「达特茅斯气候协作」计划，承诺投入 5 亿美元，力争到 2050 年消除校园碳排放。

Academics

• Dartmouth, a liberal arts institution, offers a four-year Bachelor of Arts and an ABET-accredited Bachelor of Engineering degree to undergraduates, and has 39 academic departments offering dozens of major programmes.作为一所文理学院型机构，达特茅斯向本科生提供四年制文学士与获 ABET 认证的工学学士学位，并设有 39 个学术系所、提供数十个主修项目。
• In order to graduate a student must complete 35 total courses, eight to ten of which are typically part of the major, plus ten distributive requirements, proficiency in a foreign language and a first-year writing seminar.学生须修满 35 门课程方能毕业，其中 8 至 10 门通常属主修范围，另须完成十项分布性要求、一门外语能力以及一门一年级写作研讨课。
• The most popular majors for the graduating class of 2017 were economics, government, computer science, engineering sciences and history.2017 届毕业生最热门的专业为经济学、政治学、计算机科学、工程科学与历史学。
• The Economics Department holds the distinction of being the top-ranked bachelor's-only economics programme in the world, and with the Government Department it enforces a median grade of B+ in most courses to curb grade inflation.经济系享有全球最佳「仅设本科」经济学项目的声誉，它与政治学系一样在多数课程中将成绩中位数控制在 B+，以抑制成绩膨胀。
• Dartmouth offers 57 different off-campus programmes, including Foreign Study Programs, Language Study Abroad programmes and exchange programmes.达特茅斯提供 57 个不同的校外项目，包括海外学习项目、海外语言学习项目与交换项目。
• Through its Graduate Studies programme Dartmouth grants doctorate and master's degrees in 19 Arts and Sciences graduate programmes, and the first graduate degree, a PhD in classics, was awarded in 1885.通过研究生项目，达特茅斯在 19 个文理研究生项目中授予博士与硕士学位，其首个研究生学位——古典学博士——于 1885 年颁授。
• Dartmouth is home to three professional schools, together with the Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies: the Geisel School of Medicine (established 1797), the Thayer School of Engineering (1867) and the Tuck School of Business (1900).达特茅斯设有三个专业学院以及瓜里尼研究生与高级研究学院：盖泽尔医学院（1797 年创立）、塞耶工程学院（1867 年）与塔克商学院（1900 年）。
• Dartmouth employs a total of 607 tenured or tenure-track faculty members, including the highest proportion of female tenured professors among the Ivy League universities.达特茅斯共有 607 名终身职或终身轨教师，其中女性终身教授的比例在常春藤盟校中最高。
• The college was elected to the Association of American Universities in 2019, an organisation of 69 research universities, and is designated by the Carnegie Classification as having very high research activity.该学院于 2019 年当选美国大学协会成员，该协会由 69 所研究型大学组成；它并被卡内基分类评为科研活动极高的机构。
• Faculty members have been at the forefront of such developments as the Dartmouth Workshop, the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System, Dartmouth BASIC and Dartmouth ALGOL 30.该校教师始终处于「达特茅斯会议」「达特茅斯分时系统」、达特茅斯 BASIC 与达特茅斯 ALGOL 30 等重大成果的前沿。
• In 2005 sponsored project awards to Dartmouth faculty research amounted to 169 million, and in 2024 researchers received a31.3 million federal grant to study prostate cancer.2005 年，达特茅斯教师研究获得的资助项目经费达 1.69 亿美元；2024 年，研究人员又获 3,130 万美元联邦拨款用于前列腺癌研究。
• In 2017 Eric Fossum, a professor of engineering, was awarded the Queen Elizabeth Prize for his work on imaging sensor technology, and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine approved in 2021 was based on findings from a Dartmouth laboratory.2017 年，工程学教授埃里克·福萨姆凭成像传感器技术研究获伊丽莎白女王工程奖；2021 年获批的辉瑞-生物新技术新冠疫苗则基于达特茅斯实验室的研究发现。
• Dartmouth served as the host member of the University Press of New England from its founding in 1970 until its closure in 2018.达特茅斯自新英格兰大学出版社 1970 年成立起担任其主办机构，直至该社于 2018 年关闭。
• The college functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms, and in 2025 Dartmouth received approximately $97 million of funding from the National Institutes of Health.学院采用学季制，全年运行四个各十周的学期；2025 年，达特茅斯从美国国立卫生研究院获得约 9,700 万美元资助。
• Dartmouth is an active member of the University of the Arctic, a cooperative network of more than 200 universities and organisations promoting education and research in the Arctic region.达特茅斯是「北极大学」的活跃成员，该合作网络由两百多所高校与机构组成，致力于推动北极地区的教育与研究。

Campus

• Dartmouth College is situated in the rural town of Hanover, New Hampshire, in the Upper Valley along the Connecticut River, on a 269-acre campus centred on a 5-acre Green that was cleared in 1771.达特茅斯学院位于新罕布什尔州汉诺威乡间、康涅狄格河沿岸的上谷地区，269 英亩的校园以一片 1771 年开辟的 5 英亩「绿地」为中心。
• The college is the largest private landowner in Hanover and its total landholdings and facilities are worth an estimated $434 million, including 4,500 acres on Mount Moosilauke and a 27,000-acre tract known as the Second College Grant.该学院是汉诺威最大的私人地主，其全部地产与设施估值约 4.34 亿美元，包括穆斯劳基山的 4,500 英亩土地与一片 27,000 英亩、名为「第二学院赠地」的区域。
• Dartmouth's buildings range from Wentworth and Thornton Halls of the 1820s to new dormitories and mathematics facilities completed in 2006, most of them designed in the Georgian colonial style.达特茅斯的建筑从 1820 年代的温特沃斯楼与桑顿楼，到 2006 年建成的新宿舍与数学设施，大多采用乔治亚殖民风格。
• The campus has about 200 American elms and the largest Kentucky coffeetree in New Hampshire, at 91 feet tall, and earned a grade of A minus from the Sustainable Endowments Institute in 2008.校园内约有 200 株美国榆树与新罕布什尔州最大的肯塔基皂荚树（高 91 英尺），并于 2008 年获得可持续捐赠研究所的 A− 评级。
• The Hopkins Center for the Arts, known as the Hop, opened in 1962, was designed by the architect Wallace Harrison and houses two theatres and a 900-seat auditorium, and it connects to the Hood Museum of Art.霍普金斯艺术中心（人称「Hop」）于 1962 年启用，由建筑师华莱士·哈里森设计，内设两座剧场与一座 900 座礼堂，并与胡德美术馆相连。
• The Geisel School of Medicine includes a biomedical library, and the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Lebanon, New Hampshire, contains a 396-bed teaching hospital, while the Thayer School and the Tuck School share the Feldberg Business and Engineering Library.盖泽尔医学院内设一座生物医学图书馆，新罕布什尔州黎巴嫩的达特茅斯-希区柯克医学中心拥有一所 396 张床位的教学医院，塞耶学院与塔克学院则共用费尔德伯格商学与工程图书馆。
• Dartmouth's libraries hold 2.48 million volumes and 6 million total resources, and Baker-Berry Library, formed by merging the Baker Memorial Library of 1928 and the Berry Library of 2002, has an iconic 200-foot tower.达特茅斯各图书馆藏书 248 万册、总资源 600 万件，由 1928 年的贝克纪念图书馆与 2002 年的贝里图书馆合并而成的贝克-贝里图书馆拥有一座标志性的 200 英尺高塔。
• Athletic facilities include Alumni Gymnasium, the 15,600-seat Memorial Field, Thompson Arena designed by Pier Luigi Nervi in 1975, the Nathaniel Leverone Fieldhouse and the Dartmouth Skiway, a 100-acre skiing area in Lyme Center.体育设施包括校友体育馆、可容纳 15,600 人的纪念体育场、1975 年由皮埃尔·路易吉·内尔维设计的汤普森冰球馆、纳撒尼尔·莱弗隆球馆，以及位于莱姆中心、占地 100 英亩的达特茅斯滑雪场。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Dartmouth College is placed joint 270th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，达特茅斯学院位列世界并列第 270 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it 167th in the world.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列为世界第 167 位。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 ranks it 331st in the world, and the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 places it in the 201-300 band.《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 最佳全球大学排名将其列为世界第 331 位，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将其列入 201-300 区间。
• Dartmouth was ranked 12th among national universities by U.S. News & World Report in its 2022 rankings, and was third for veterans, tied for fifth in undergraduate teaching and seventh for best value.在《美国新闻与世界报道》2022 年排名中，达特茅斯在全美大学中位列第 12，在退伍军人服务方面排名第 3，本科教学并列第 5，「最具价值」排名第 7。
• Dartmouth's undergraduate teaching was ranked first by U.S. News for five years in a row from 2009 to 2013.2009 至 2013 年，达特茅斯的本科教学连续五年被《美国新闻与世界报道》评为全美第一。
• In Forbes' 2019 rankings of 650 universities, liberal arts colleges and service academies, Dartmouth ranked 10th overall and 10th in research universities.在《福布斯》2019 年对 650 所大学、文理学院与军事院校的排名中，达特茅斯综合排名第 10，在研究型大学中亦列第 10。
• The OpenAlex database credits Dartmouth College with 89,873 scholarly works and 7,301,515 citations from its researchers.OpenAlex 数据库收录达特茅斯学院 89,873 篇学术成果与 7,301,515 次引用。
• Dartmouth alumni have included 3 Nobel Prize laureates, 2 U.S. Supreme Court justices, 170 members of the United States Congress, 25 U.S. governors and a U.S. vice president.达特茅斯的校友中有 3 位诺贝尔奖得主、2 位美国最高法院大法官、170 位美国国会议员、25 位美国州长与 1 位美国副总统。
• Dartmouth was elected to the Association of American Universities in 2019, and the Princeton Review gave it an admissions selectivity rating of 99 out of 99 in its 2024 edition.达特茅斯于 2019 年当选美国大学协会成员，《普林斯顿评论》2024 年版给其录取严格度打出 99 分（满分 99）。

Student life

• Dartmouth's motto, chosen by Eleazar Wheelock, is Vox clamantis in deserto, rendered as A voice crying out in the wilderness, a reference to the college's location on what was once the frontier of European settlement.达特茅斯的校训由埃利埃泽·惠若克选定，为拉丁语「Vox clamantis in deserto」，意为「旷野中的呼喊之声」，暗指学院所处的昔日欧洲殖民拓荒前哨。
• Richard Hovey's Men of Dartmouth was elected the best of Dartmouth's songs in 1896, became the official song in 1926 and was retitled Alma Mater in the 1980s when its lyrics were changed to refer to women as well as men.理查德·霍维的《Men of Dartmouth》于 1896 年被评为学院最佳歌曲，1926 年成为正式校歌，1980 年代随歌词改为同时涵盖男女而更名为《Alma Mater》。
• Each term has a big weekend: Homecoming, officially Dartmouth Night, is marked by a bonfire built by the freshman class, Winter Carnival was started in 1911 by the Dartmouth Outing Club, and Green Key is a spring weekend of campus parties.每个学期都设有一个「大周末」：官方称「达特茅斯之夜」的返校节以新生搭建的篝火为标志，冬季嘉年华由达特茅斯远足俱乐部于 1911 年发起，绿钥匙节则是春季的校园派对周末。
• First-Year Trips, a four-day student-run outing for incoming freshmen, began in 1935 and concludes at the Moosilauke Ravine Lodge, and in 2011 more than 96 percent of freshmen took part.面向新生的四天学生自办郊游「一年级之旅」始于 1935 年，终点为穆斯劳基山谷旅舍，2011 年有超过 96% 的新生参加。
• The Dartmouth, founded in 1799 and describing itself as America's oldest college newspaper, and the Dartmouth Outing Club, the nation's largest and oldest collegiate outdoors club, are among more than 200 student organisations.创办于 1799 年、自称全美最古老大学报纸的《The Dartmouth》，以及全美规模最大、历史最久的大学户外社团达特茅斯远足俱乐部，均属该校两百多个学生组织之列。
• Dartmouth is home to 32 recognised Greek houses, 17 fraternities, 12 sororities and three coeducational organisations, and in 2007 roughly 70 percent of eligible students belonged to a Greek organisation.达特茅斯有 32 个获认可的希腊字母社团，即 17 个兄弟会、12 个姐妹会与 3 个男女同会组织，2007 年约有 70% 的符合条件学生加入其中。
• The college has never had an official mascot: the nickname The Big Green, originating in the 1860s, followed the adoption of Dartmouth Green as the school colour in 1866.学院从未设有官方吉祥物：源于 1860 年代的昵称「大绿」源自 1866 年将「达特茅斯绿」定为学校颜色。
• About 20 percent of students participate in a varsity sport and 33 intercollegiate varsity teams compete in the Ivy League, where athletic scholarships are not offered, and every undergraduate must complete a 50-yard swim and three terms of physical education.约 20% 的学生参加校队运动，33 支校际代表队角逐常春藤联盟且不提供体育奖学金，每位本科生还须完成 50 码游泳与三个学期的体育课程。

Notable people

• Eleazar Wheelock founded Dartmouth College in 1769, and John Phillips, whose donation of 1762 was the first major gift to the Charity School, went on to found Phillips Exeter Academy.埃利埃泽·惠若克于 1769 年创办达特茅斯学院；1762 年向慈善学校捐出首笔重要捐款的约翰·菲利普斯后来创办了菲利普斯埃克塞特学院。
• Samson Occom, a Mohegan minister who studied under Wheelock from 1743 to 1747, raised much of the money in England that helped establish the college.萨姆森·奥科姆是莫西干人牧师，1743 至 1747 年间师从惠若克，他在英格兰筹得的款项为学院的建立提供了重要支持。
• Daniel Webster, an alumnus of the class of 1801, argued the Dartmouth College case before the Supreme Court and later served as United States Secretary of State.1801 届校友丹尼尔·韦伯斯特曾在最高法院为达特茅斯学院案辩护，后来出任美国国务卿。
• Nelson A. Rockefeller, the 41st Vice President of the United States and 49th Governor of New York, graduated cum laude from Dartmouth with a degree in economics in 1930.美国第 41 任副总统、纽约州第 49 任州长纳尔逊·A·洛克菲勒 1930 年以优异成绩毕业于达特茅斯，获经济学学位。
• Salmon P. Chase and Levi Woodbury, both Dartmouth alumni, served as justices of the Supreme Court of the United States.萨蒙·P·蔡斯与利维·伍德伯里同为达特茅斯校友，均曾任美国最高法院大法官。
• Owen Chamberlain, who won the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physics, and George Davis Snell, who won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, are Dartmouth alumni.获 1959 年诺贝尔物理学奖的欧文·张伯伦与获 1980 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的乔治·戴维斯·斯内尔都是达特茅斯校友。
• K. Barry Sharpless, a Dartmouth alumnus, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in both 2001 and 2022.达特茅斯校友 K·巴里·夏普莱斯于 2001 年与 2022 年两度获得诺贝尔化学奖。
• Theodor Geisel, better known as the children's author Dr. Seuss, was a member of the class of 1925, and Fred Rogers of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood also attended Dartmouth.以儿童文学作家「苏斯博士」闻名的西奥多·盖泽尔是 1925 届学生，《罗杰斯先生的邻居》的弗雷德·罗杰斯也曾就读于达特茅斯。
• David Benioff, co-creator of Game of Thrones, and Shonda Rhimes, creator of Grey's Anatomy, are among Dartmouth's alumni in film and television.《权力的游戏》联合主创大卫·贝尼奥夫与《实习医生格蕾》主创珊达·莱梅斯都是达特茅斯的影视界校友。