Damascus University

Damascus University (Arabic: جامعة دمشق, romanized: Jāmiʿat Dimashq) is a public university in Damascus, Syria, and the largest and oldest institution of higher education in the country, with faculties, institutes and a branch campus distributed across several governorates.大马士革大学（阿拉伯语：جامعة دمشق）是叙利亚首都大马士革的一所公立大学，也是该国规模最大、历史最悠久的高等学府，其学院、研究所与分校分布于多个省份。

Its origins lie in the Medical School approved in 1901 and opened in 1903 and in the Law School founded in 1913, and the two were merged in 1923 as the Syrian University, which adopted its present name in 1958 when the University of Aleppo was created in the north.该校源流可追溯至 1901 年获批、1903 年开学的医科学校以及 1913 年创办的法科学校；两者于 1923 年合并为叙利亚大学，1958 年北部阿勒颇大学创建后改用现名。

The university now comprises seventeen faculties, a set of higher and technical institutes, an Arabic Language Institute for foreign learners and eight teaching hospitals, and it is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 while recording 9,576 works and 137,741 citations in OpenAlex.该校现设十七个学院、一批高等研究所与技术学院、一所面向外国学习者的阿拉伯语学院以及八所附属教学医院，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201-1400 区间，OpenAlex 收录其 9,576 篇成果与 137,741 次引用。

History

• In 1901 the Ottoman authorities approved the establishment of the Office of the School of Medicine in Damascus, and the school itself opened in 1903 with branches in medicine and pharmacy, teaching in Turkish.1901 年，奥斯曼当局批准在大马士革设立医科学校办事处，该校于 1903 年正式开学，设医学与药学两支，以土耳其语授课。
• A Law School opened in Beirut in 1913 with mostly Arab teachers and Arabic as the language of instruction, and it moved to Damascus in 1914 just as the Medical School moved the other way, and returned to Beirut in the last years of the First World War.1913 年，一所法科学校在贝鲁特开办，教师多为阿拉伯人，以阿拉伯语授课；1914 年该校迁往大马士革，医科学校则同时迁往贝鲁特，法科学校在第一次世界大战最后几年又回到贝鲁特。
• After the war the Institute of Medicine opened in Damascus at the beginning of January 1919 and the Institute of Law followed in September of the same year, restoring higher education in the city under the new Arab administration.战后，医学研究所于 1919 年 1 月初在大马士革开办，法科研究所于同年 9 月设立，在新生的阿拉伯行政当局治下恢复了这座城市的高等教育。
• In 1923 the School of Law was renamed the Institute of Law and was linked with the Institute of Medicine, the Arab Society and the Center of Arabic Heritage under a single organisation called the Syrian University.1923 年，法科学校更名为法科研究所，并与医学研究所、阿拉伯学会及阿拉伯遗产中心合并为统一机构，定名叙利亚大学。
• The Arab Society and the Center of Arabic Heritage separated from the university in 1926, leaving the institutions of medicine and law as its core for the next two decades.1926 年，阿拉伯学会与阿拉伯遗产中心从大学中分离，此后的二十年间，医学与法学机构一直是该校的核心。
• A School of Higher Literary Studies was established in 1928 and attached to the university administration, becoming the School of Letters in 1929 before it closed in 1935-1936, and literary studies were later revived in the Faculty of Arts.1928 年设立的高等文学研究学校归入大学管理，1929 年改为文学院，1935 至 1936 年间停办；文学研究后来在文学院中得以恢复。
• From 1946 the university was no longer confined to medicine and law, as new faculties and higher institutions were created in other subjects to serve the expanding Syrian state.自 1946 年起，该校不再局限于医学与法学，随着叙利亚国家建设需求扩大，其他学科的新学院与高等机构相继设立。
• The Faculty of Education was founded in 1946, the Faculty of Islamic Jurisprudence in 1954 and the Faculty of Economics in 1956, each adding a new professional or cultural field to the institution.教育学院创办于 1946 年，伊斯兰法学院创办于 1954 年，经济学院创办于 1956 年，分别为学校增添了新的专业与文化领域。
• In 1958 a law regulating universities in the northern and southern regions of the United Arab Republic renamed the Syrian University as Damascus University and created a second institution, the University of Aleppo, in the north.1958 年，一部规范阿拉伯联合共和国南北两区大学的法律将叙利亚大学更名为大马士革大学，并在北部另建阿勒颇大学。
• The College of Fine Arts was established in Damascus in 1959 and became part of Damascus University in 1972, formalising art training that had previously been offered outside the university framework.美术学院于 1959 年在大马士革成立，1972 年并入大马士革大学，使此前在大学体制之外进行的艺术教育正式纳入学校体系。
• The early 1960s brought a wave of applied faculties: architecture and fine arts were organised as faculties in 1960 and civil engineering followed in 1961.1960 年代初出现了一批应用学科院系：建筑学与美术于 1960 年组建为学院，土木工程于 1961 年设立。
• Agriculture and the combined mechanical and electrical engineering faculty were established in 1963, matching the university's growth to the needs of Syrian industry and land reform.农业学院与机械电气工程合院于 1963 年设立，使学校的发展与叙利亚工业建设和土地改革的需求相呼应。
• Political science was added as a faculty in 1979 and information technology in 1994, the latter making Damascus University one of the earlier Arab institutions to teach computing as a standalone faculty.政治学院于 1979 年设立，信息技术学院于 1994 年设立，后者使大马士革大学成为较早将计算机学科设为独立学院的阿拉伯高校之一。
• The university library traces its origin to 1903 and the establishment of the Medical Bureau, and by 2011 it held some 169,000 volumes and 3,830 current periodicals, serving students across the faculties.该校图书馆的源头可追溯至 1903 年医学局的设立；到 2011 年，馆藏约 16.9 万册图书与 3,830 种现刊，为各学院学生提供服务。
• Over the decades the university built a network of eight teaching hospitals in Damascus, including the National University Hospital, Al Mouwasat University Hospital and specialised centres for cardiac surgery, dermatology, children and oral maxillofacial surgery.数十年来，该校在大马士革建立起八所教学医院组成的网络，包括国立大学医院、穆瓦萨特大学医院以及心脏外科、皮肤病、儿童与口腔颌面外科等专科医院。
• The Arabic Language Institute grew into the university's best-known centre for teaching Arabic to non-native speakers, and by 2005 it was described as the largest institution of its kind in the Arab world.阿拉伯语学院逐步发展成为该校最负盛名的对外阿拉伯语教学中心，到 2005 年已被描述为阿拉伯世界同类机构中规模最大者。
• On 13 November 2012 a presidential decree established a branch of Damascus University in Madinat al-Salam, a town in Quneitra Governorate, extending the university's reach to the south-western region.2012 年 11 月 13 日，一项总统令决定在库奈特拉省的马迪纳特萨拉姆设立大马士革大学分校，将学校的影响扩展至西南地区。
• When the Syrian civil war began in 2011 the university's campuses and hospitals were drawn into a conflict that displaced students and staff, interrupted research and damaged facilities, although teaching continued in reduced conditions.2011 年叙利亚内战爆发后，该校校园与医院被卷入冲突，学生与教职员流离失所，科研中断，设施受损，但教学仍在缩减的条件下继续。
• In 2023 the university rose in the QS ranking, an improvement attributed to its research on sustainable development, and it also advanced in the Webometrics ranking of web presence.2023 年，该校在 QS 排名中位次上升，这一进步被归因于其在可持续发展领域的研究，同时其在衡量网络影响力的 Webometrics 排名中也有所前进。
• In 2024 the university was listed in the 1501+ band of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, the only Syrian university included in that edition of the table.2024 年，该校进入泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名 1501+ 区间，是当年该榜单中唯一入选的叙利亚大学。

Academics

• Damascus University awards bachelor's degrees after four to six years of study, the length depending on the discipline, and also offers master's, doctoral and professional training programmes.大马士革大学的学士学位需四至六年学习，具体年限视学科而定，学校同时开设硕士、博士与专业培训课程。
• Master's programmes combine coursework and research and normally require two to three years, with a fourth year possible by decision of the university council on the recommendation of the faculty council.硕士课程结合课程学习与研究，通常需两至三年，经学院委员会建议、大学理事会决定，可再延长一年。
• The doctorate is a research-only degree requiring at least two and at most five years, and some departments, such as English literature in the Faculty of Arts, do not award it.博士学位为纯研究型学位，最短两年、最长五年，部分院系如文学院英语文学系并不授予该学位。
• The Faculty of Medicine, founded in 1903, and the Faculty of Pharmacy, also dating from 1903, are the oldest units, while dentistry was organised as a faculty in 1921.医学院创办于 1903 年，药学院同样始于 1903 年，是该校最古老的院系，牙科学院则于 1921 年组建。
• Law, taught since 1913, arts and humanities, dating from 1928, and education, founded in 1946, form the humanities core of the university alongside Islamic jurisprudence, established in 1954.法学自 1913 年起开设，人文与艺术学科可追溯至 1928 年，教育学创办于 1946 年，它们与 1954 年设立的伊斯兰法学共同构成学校的人文学科核心。
• Economics was established as a faculty in 1956 and agriculture in 1963, reflecting the university's role in training the administrators and agronomists of a planned economy.经济学院于 1956 年设立，农业学院于 1963 年设立，体现了该校为计划经济培养管理人才与农学人才的作用。
• The engineering faculties cover civil engineering from 1961, architecture from 1960 and mechanical and electrical engineering from 1963, and are served by laboratories and technical workshops on the Damascus campus.工科院系包括 1961 年起开设的土木工程、1960 年起的建筑学以及 1963 年起的机械与电气工程，大马士革校园内的实验室与技术车间为其提供支撑。
• The remaining faculties include sciences, fine arts from 1960, political science from 1979, tourism and information technology from 1994, giving the university a broad profile that spans medicine, engineering, law and the arts.其余学院包括理学院、1960 年设立的美术学院、1979 年设立的政治学院、旅游学院以及 1994 年设立的信息技术学院，使学校形成涵盖医学、工程、法学与艺术的广泛格局。
• The Higher Institute of Laser Research and Applications is one of several graduate research bodies attached to the university, alongside institutes of administrative development and seismologic studies and research.激光研究与应用高等研究所是该校附设的多个研究生科研机构之一，此外还有行政发展高等研究所与地震学研究高等研究所。
• The Higher Institute of Languages and the Higher Institute of Translation and Interpretation train translators and language specialists, drawing on the university's long tradition of Arabic and foreign-language teaching.语言高等研究所与笔译口译高等研究所培养翻译与语言专门人才，依托该校在阿拉伯语与外语教学方面的悠久传统。
• The Arabic Language Institute teaches Arabic to foreign students through immersion, emphasising classical Arabic rather than local dialects, an approach its supporters contrast with instruction in Egypt or Jordan.阿拉伯语学院以沉浸式方式教授外国学生阿拉伯语，强调古典阿拉伯语而非地方方言，其支持者常将这一做法与埃及或约旦的教学相比较。
• The Center for Arabic Study Abroad, a major American programme for Arabic instruction, opened a second branch at the university, and the institute is recognised as one of the leading centres for non-native learners.美国重要的阿拉伯语教学项目「海外阿拉伯语学习中心」在该校开设了第二个分支，该学院也被视为非母语学习者的一流中心之一。
• Technical institutes offer two-year programmes leading to a diploma in business administration and marketing, finance and banking, medicine, dentistry, engineering, computer science and agricultural studies.技术学院开设两年制课程，可获商业管理与市场营销、金融与银行、医学、牙科、工程、计算机科学与农业研究等专业的文凭。
• The Technical Institute of Finance and Banking, formerly the Commercial Institute, trains accountants and banking specialists and sends its best students on to the Faculty of Economics for further study.金融与银行技术学院的前身是商业学院，培养会计与银行专业人才，并推荐优秀学生进入经济学院继续深造。
• The Open Learning Center offers degrees in legal studies, computer and informatics, small and intermediate projects and the English language, extending university qualifications to students outside the regular campus timetable.开放学习中心提供法律研究、计算机与信息学、中小型项目以及英语等学位课程，使常规校园课表之外的学生也能获得大学资格。
• The university library holds about 169,000 volumes and 3,830 current periodicals, while the eight university hospitals provide clinical training for medical, dental, pharmacy and nursing students.该校图书馆藏有约 16.9 万册图书与 3,830 种现刊，八所大学医院则为医学、牙科、药学与护理学生提供临床训练。
• The Faculty of Medicine is described by the university as one of the ten largest international providers of licensed physicians to the United States and the third largest in the Eastern Hemisphere.据校方介绍，医学院是向美国输送执业医师最多的十所国际院校之一，在东半球位居第三。

Campus

• The main campus lies in central Damascus at roughly 33.51 degrees north and 36.29 degrees east, close to the historic core of the city and its principal transport routes.主校区位于大马士革市中心，约在北纬 33.51 度、东经 36.29 度，靠近城市历史核心区与主要交通干道。
• Rather than occupying a single walled site, the university is spread across a series of faculty buildings, institutes and clinics in the capital, so that its premises are woven into the urban fabric.该校并未占据单一封闭园区，而是分散于首都的一系列学院大楼、研究所与门诊机构之中，其校舍因此融入城市肌理。
• The eight teaching hospitals form a clinical campus of their own, with the National University Hospital and Al Mouwasat University Hospital among the largest centres of medical training in the country.八所教学医院构成独立的临床校区，其中国立大学医院与穆瓦萨特大学医院是全国最大的医学训练中心之一。
• The main library, grown from the Medical Bureau of 1903, occupies a central position in the university's academic life and holds one of the country's principal academic collections.主图书馆由 1903 年的医学局发展而来，在该校学术生活中居于中心地位，其馆藏为全国主要的学术馆藏之一。
• The Quneitra branch in Madinat al-Salam, created by decree in November 2012, extends the university's teaching to the south-western governorate from a site outside the capital.位于马迪纳特萨拉姆的库奈特拉分校依据 2012 年 11 月的法令设立，在首都之外为西南省份提供教学服务。
• The Arabic Language Institute brings foreign students, including participants in American study-abroad programmes, into the same urban campus, adding an international layer to student life.阿拉伯语学院把外国学生、包括美国留学项目的参与者带入同一城市校园，为学生生活增添了国际色彩。
• The university's career guidance work includes the Shabab-Damascus business clinics and cooperation agreements with local institutions such as the International University for Science and Technology, as well as international partnerships.该校的职业指导工作包括「沙巴卜—大马士革」商业诊所，以及与伊斯兰科技大学等本地机构的合作协议和国际合作项目。

Reputation

• Before the civil war began in 2011, Damascus University was regarded as one of the most reputable universities in the Arab world and attracted students from across the region, and its degrees were recognised in neighbouring countries.2011 年内战爆发之前，大马士革大学被视为阿拉伯世界最负盛名的大学之一，吸引了来自全地区的学子，其学位在周边国家也得到认可。
• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 1201-1400 band, a joint interval that groups institutions of comparable overall performance.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校处于 1201-1400 区间，这一并列区间汇集了综合表现相近的院校。
• Damascus University is not included in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, nor is it listed in the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 or the 2026 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities main table.大马士革大学未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未列入《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 最佳全球大学榜单或 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• Its standing in global tables has nonetheless been noted in Syria: in 2024 it was the only Syrian university in the Times Higher Education ranking, placed in the 1501+ band.尽管如此，该校在全球榜单中的表现仍受到叙利亚国内关注：2024 年它是泰晤士高等教育排名中唯一的叙利亚大学，位列 1501+ 区间。
• The Faculty of Medicine's record as a supplier of licensed physicians to the United States, third in the Eastern Hemisphere, is among the claims the university highlights in its international profile.医学院作为美国执业医师来源地之一、在东半球位居第三的记录，是该校在国际宣传中着重强调的优势之一。
• The university has also improved in the Webometrics ranking, which measures the volume and visibility of web-based academic output rather than reputation alone.该校在 Webometrics 排名中也有所提升，该排名衡量网络学术产出的数量与可见度，而非仅凭声誉。
• OpenAlex indexes 9,576 works affiliated with the university and 137,741 citations to them, an output profile shaped by medicine, engineering and the basic sciences.OpenAlex 收录该校署名的 9,576 篇成果以及对这些成果的 137,741 次引用，其产出结构以医学、工程与基础科学为主。
• As the largest university in Syria, it supplies a large share of the country's physicians, engineers, lawyers, teachers and civil servants, and its graduates are prominent in public life across the Arab world.作为叙利亚规模最大的大学，该校为该国输送了大量医师、工程师、律师、教师与公务员，其毕业生在阿拉伯世界各国的公共生活中表现突出。

Student life

• Student life at Damascus University is organised largely around the faculties, where students in medicine, engineering, law and the arts follow separate timetables and form their own study groups and informal societies.大马士革大学的学生生活主要围绕各学院展开，医学、工程、法学与艺术等专业的学生遵循各自的课表，并形成自己的学习小组与非正式社团。
• The university is a commuter institution for most of its students, who travel daily from districts of Damascus and neighbouring towns rather than living on a residential campus.对该校大多数学生而言，这是一所走读型大学，他们每日从大马士革各区及邻近城镇通勤，而非居住在住宿式校园中。
• Medical, dental and pharmacy students spend much of their later training in the eight university hospitals, where clinical rounds and supervised practice structure the final years of their degrees.医学、牙科与药学学生后期的大量训练在八所大学医院完成，临床查房与督导实习构成了其学位最后几年的主要内容。
• Foreign learners at the Arabic Language Institute follow intensive immersion courses and often live in Damascus for a semester or a year, mixing with Syrian students in the city's cafés and markets.阿拉伯语学院的外国学习者往往参加密集型沉浸课程，通常在大马士革居住一学期或一年，在城市的咖啡馆与市场中与叙利亚学生交往。
• The Open Learning Center and the technical institutes serve working and older students, who attend lectures after hours or on condensed schedules and often combine study with employment.开放学习中心与技术学院服务于在职学生与年长学生，他们在业余时间或按压缩课表上课，往往边工作边学习。
• Public cultural life in Damascus, with its bookshops, theatres and literary cafés, has long been part of the student experience, and the university's arts and humanities students are regular participants in it.大马士革的公共文化生活，包括书店、剧院与文学咖啡馆，长期以来是学生体验的一部分，该校艺术与人文学科的学生经常参与其中。
• The civil war disrupted this routine after 2011, as displacement, security conditions and economic hardship forced many students to interrupt their studies or transfer to institutions abroad.2011 年之后的内战打乱了这一日常，流离失所、安全形势与经济困难迫使许多学生中断学业或转往国外院校。
• In spite of those pressures the university has continued to hold examinations and award degrees, and its graduates remain a visible presence in Syrian professional and public life.尽管压力重重，该校仍继续举行考试并授予学位，其毕业生在叙利亚的专业与公共生活中依然十分活跃。

Notable people

• Nizar Qabbani, one of the most widely read Arab poets of the twentieth century, graduated in law from the university before embarking on a diplomatic career.尼扎尔·卡巴尼是 20 世纪读者最多的阿拉伯诗人之一，他从该校法律专业毕业后进入外交界。
• Duraid Lahham, the actor and comedian known for his television and stage roles, studied chemistry and physics at the university.杜拉德·拉哈姆是以电视与舞台角色闻名的演员和喜剧家，曾在该校学习化学与物理。
• Farouk al-Sharaa, who served as Vice President of Syria and as foreign minister, took a degree in English literature at Damascus University.法鲁克·沙雷曾任叙利亚副总统与外交部长，他在大马士革大学获得英语文学学位。
• Mahmoud Abbas, President of Palestine, studied at the university and later earned a doctorate in Moscow.巴勒斯坦总统马哈茂德·阿巴斯曾在该校学习，后在莫斯科获得博士学位。
• Rached Ghannouchi, the Tunisian politician and co-founder of the Ennahda movement, is counted among its alumni.突尼斯政治家、复兴运动联合创始人拉希德·加努希被列为该校校友。
• Dina Katabi, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT and director of the MIT Wireless Center, is among its science graduates.麻省理工学院电气工程与计算机科学教授、麻省理工无线中心主任迪娜·卡塔比是该校理科毕业生之一。
• Moustapha Akkad, the Syrian-American film producer known for The Message and the Halloween series, studied at the university before moving to the United States.以《使者》与《万圣节》系列闻名的叙利亚裔美国制片人穆斯塔法·阿卡德曾在该校学习，后移居美国。
• Nazim al-Qudsi, who served as President of Syria in the early 1960s, and Nureddin al-Atassi, head of state from 1966 to 1970, were both associated with the university.1960 年代初任叙利亚总统的纳齐姆·库德西与 1966 至 1970 年担任国家元首的努尔丁·阿塔西都与该校有渊源。
• Ghada al-Samman, the novelist and journalist, and Colette Khoury, a pioneer of the Syrian novel, are counted among the university's literary alumni.小说家兼记者加达·萨曼与叙利亚小说先驱科莱特·胡里都被列为该校的文学界校友。
• Ali Farzat, the cartoonist and painter whose work appeared in Syrian newspapers for decades, graduated in fine arts from Damascus University.漫画家与画家阿里·法尔扎特的作品数十年来见于叙利亚报刊，他毕业于大马士革大学美术学院。
• Bashar al-Assad, who served as President of Syria from 2000 to 2024, trained in medicine at the university and worked as an ophthalmologist before entering public life.2000 至 2024 年任叙利亚总统的巴沙尔·阿萨德曾在该校学习医学，并在从政前从事眼科医生工作。