Clark University

Clark University is a private research university in Worcester, Massachusetts, founded in 1887 and classified as an R2 doctoral university with high research activity.克拉克大学是一所位于美国马萨诸塞州伍斯特的私立研究型大学，1887 年创办，被归入 R2 级博士大学（高研究活动）类别。

It takes its name from Jonas Gilman Clark, a businessman who endowed the school and opened it as the first all-graduate university in the United States.校名取自捐资创办者、商人乔纳斯·吉尔曼·克拉克，该校曾是美国第一所只招研究生的大学。

Clark added its first undergraduates in 1902 and first enrolled women in 1942, and today offers 46 majors, minors, and concentrations under New England Commission of Higher Education accreditation.克拉克大学 1902 年迎来首批本科生、1942 年首次招收女生，如今在新英格兰高等教育委员会认证下开设 46 个专业、辅修与研究方向。

History

• On January 17, 1887 the businessman Jonas Gilman Clark petitioned the Massachusetts Legislature for a charter, and the Act of Incorporation was signed on March 31, 1887.1887 年 1 月 17 日，商人乔纳斯·吉尔曼·克拉克向马萨诸塞州议会申请特许状，建学法案于同年 3 月 31 日经州长签署生效。

• Clark endowed the university with one million dollars and later added another million, opening it on October 2, 1889 as the first all-graduate university in the United States.克拉克以 100 万美元捐资创办该校，后又追加 100 万美元，学校于 1889 年 10 月 2 日开学，成为美国第一所只招研究生的大学。

• The founding departments were mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and psychology, and the model drew on Cornell University, Johns Hopkins University, and continental European universities.创校设数学、物理、化学、生物、心理五系，办学蓝本取自康奈尔大学、约翰·霍普金斯大学及欧洲大陆的大学。

• G. Stanley Hall was appointed the first president in 1888, and he founded the American Psychological Association and had earned the first psychology PhD in the United States at Harvard University.1888 年，斯坦利·霍尔被任命为首任校长，他创立了美国心理学会，并曾在哈佛大学获得美国第一个心理学博士学位。

• Franz Boas taught at Clark from 1888 until 1892, when he resigned over academic freedom and joined Columbia University, and in 1891 Clark awarded the first PhD in anthropology in the United States.博厄斯自 1888 年任教克拉克至 1892 年，因学术自由争议辞职转赴哥伦比亚大学；1891 年克拉克授予美国第一个人类学博士学位。

• Albert A. Michelson, the first American to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics, was a professor at Clark from 1889 to 1892 before heading the physics department at the University of Chicago.阿尔伯特·迈克耳孙是首位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的美国科学家，1889 至 1892 年在克拉克任教，后出任芝加哥大学物理系主任。

• In 1900 Jonas G. Clark died, reserving half of his estate for an undergraduate college that President Hall had long opposed.1900 年，乔纳斯·克拉克去世，将遗产的一半留作创办一所本科学院，此举曾长期遭到校长霍尔的反对。

• Clark College opened in 1902 with the first undergraduates and was administered separately from Clark University until the two were formally united in 1920 after Hall's retirement.克拉克学院于 1902 年招收首批本科生，独立于克拉克大学管理，直到 1920 年霍尔卸任后两校才正式合并。

• Clark awarded its first female PhD in psychology in 1908, and several of its early psychology doctoral graduates were Japanese.克拉克于 1908 年授予首个女性心理学博士学位，其早期心理学博士毕业生中有多名日本人。

• In 1920 Francis Sumner became the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology and is often called the father of Black psychology.1920 年，弗朗西斯·萨姆纳成为美国首位获心理学博士学位的非裔人士，被尊称为黑人心理学之父。

• In 1900 Clark was one of fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities alongside Harvard and Yale, and it withdrew its membership in 1999 citing changes to its mission.1900 年，克拉克与哈佛大学、耶鲁大学一同成为美国大学协会的十四所创始成员之一，并于 1999 年以使命调整为由退出该协会。

• For Clark's 20th anniversary in 1909, Hall invited Sigmund Freud, who with Carl Jung delivered five Clark Lectures, Freud's only visit to the United States, and Clark granted him an honorary degree.1909 年克拉克二十周年校庆之际，霍尔邀请弗洛伊德前来讲学，弗洛伊德与荣格一同到访并作了五场克拉克讲座，这是他唯一的美国之行，克拉克还授予他名誉学位。

• In the 1920s the rocket pioneer Robert H. Goddard chaired the Physics Department and ran experiments on campus, and the Robert H. Goddard Library is named for him.1920 年代，火箭先驱罗伯特·戈达德执掌物理系并在校内开展实验，罗伯特·H·戈达德图书馆即以其名命名。

• Wallace Walter Atwood founded the Graduate School of Geography in 1921, and it continues to offer bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.1921 年，华莱士·阿特伍德创办地理研究生院，该学院至今授予学士、硕士与博士学位。

• The Graduate School of Management, founded in 1982 and later renamed the School of Business, offers master's degrees and undergraduate courses in management, marketing, and entrepreneurship.1982 年创办的管理研究生院后来更名为商学院，提供管理、营销、创新与创业方向的硕士学位与本科课程。

• Clark recruited Debórah Dwork from Yale University in 1996 and announced the first PhD program in Holocaust Studies in the United States in 1997.1996 年克拉克自耶鲁大学延揽黛博拉·德沃克，并于 1997 年宣布设立美国第一个大屠杀研究博士项目。

• The Mosakowski Institute for Public Enterprise was established in fall 2007 through a founding gift from the alumni William Mosakowski and Jane Mosakowski.莫萨科夫斯基公共企业研究所于 2007 年秋成立，创办捐款来自校友威廉·莫萨科夫斯基与简·莫萨科夫斯基。

• In April 2010 Clark received the largest gift of its then 123-year history, $14.2 million from John Adams of Hanover Insurance, creating the Adams Education Fund for urban education and teacher training.2010 年 4 月，克拉克收到当时其 123 年校史上最大一笔捐款，即来自哈诺威保险负责人约翰·亚当斯的 1420 万美元，用于设立亚当斯教育基金，推动城市教育与教师培训。

• On July 1, 2010 the former provost David Angel became the ninth president of Clark, succeeding John Bassett.2010 年 7 月 1 日，前教务长大卫·安杰尔继约翰·巴西特之后出任克拉克大学第九任校长。

• A summer 2012 renovation let the city close Downing Street to unite the campus as a pedestrian plaza, and Johnson and Sanford halls were joined into the Johnson Sanford Center.2012 年夏天的改建让市政府封闭唐宁街以将校园连成步行广场，约翰逊楼与桑福德楼合并为约翰逊桑福德中心。

• In 2016 the Shaich Family Alumni and Student Engagement Center extended the campus across Main Street, built on a $5 million gift from the family of the alumnus Ron Shaich.2016 年，谢奇家族校友与学生活动中心跨越主街而建，其基础是校友罗恩·谢奇家族 500 万美元的捐赠。

• On July 1, 2020 David Fithian of the class of 1987 became the tenth president and the first alumnus to hold the office, succeeding David Angel.2020 年 7 月 1 日，1987 届校友戴维·菲西安接替安杰尔出任第十任校长，是首位由校友担任此职者。

• After Becker College closed at the end of the 2020-21 academic year, Clark opened the Becker School of Design and Technology in 2021, carrying on Becker's game-design programs.贝克尔学院于 2020-2021 学年末停办后，克拉克于 2021 年设立设计与技术学院，承接其游戏设计项目。

• Facing budget and enrollment pressure, Clark announced plans in 2025 to cut faculty positions by 30 percent from 2025 to 2028 and to eliminate several programs, drawing student criticism.面对预算与招生压力，克拉克于 2025 年宣布计划在 2025 至 2028 年间裁减 30% 的教师岗位并取消若干专业，引发学生批评。

Academics

• Clark offers 46 majors, minors, and concentrations in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, and engineering and lets students design their own specialized majors.克拉克在人文学科、社会科学、自然科学和工程领域开设 46 个专业、辅修与研究方向，并允许学生自设专门专业。

• It lists 32 undergraduate and 34 graduate majors and runs 57 study-abroad and away programs in 34 countries.该校设 32 个本科专业、34 个研究生专业，并在 34 个国家开设 57 个海外与异地学习项目。

• Based on 2021 graduates, Clark's most popular undergraduate majors were Psychology with 85, Economics with 48, Political Science and Government with 47, Business Administration with 43, and Biology with 37.按 2021 届毕业生计，克拉克最受欢迎的本科专业依次是心理学 85 人、经济学 48 人、政治学与政府 47 人、工商管理 43 人、生物学 37 人。

• As of 2019 Clark had 212 full-time faculty at a 10:1 student-faculty ratio, and 94 percent of its faculty held doctoral or terminal degrees.截至 2019 年，克拉克有 212 名全职教师，师生比为 1:10，其中 94% 拥有博士或专业学位。

• The university is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education.该校由新英格兰高等教育委员会认证。

• Under its Fifth-Year Free BA/MA program, undergraduates who keep a B+ average may enroll tuition-free in a one-year master's program, earning a degree in arts for the price of a bachelor's.在其“第五年免费”本硕项目中，保持 B+ 绩点的本科生可免学费入读一年制硕士课程，以本科学费获得文学硕士学位。

• Clark is a member of the Higher Education Consortium of Central Massachusetts, which lets students cross-register at other Worcester institutions including the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and the College of the Holy Cross.克拉克是中马萨诸塞高等教育联盟成员，学生可在伍斯特其他院校跨校选课，包括伍斯特理工学院与圣十字学院。

• The Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology offers undergraduate and doctoral degrees, and the American Psychological Association was founded at Clark in 1892 by its first president, G. Stanley Hall.弗朗西丝·L·法特心理学院提供本科与博士学位，美国心理学会于 1892 年由克拉克首任校长斯坦利·霍尔在此创立。

• Under the Graduate School of Geography, Clark Labs was founded in 1987 and developed the IDRISI GIS software and then TerrSet, used at more than 40,000 sites in over 180 countries, and its chief is J. Ronald Eastman.地理研究生院下属的克拉克实验室成立于 1987 年，开发了 IDRISI 地理信息系统软件及其后续的 TerrSet，被 180 多个国家的逾 40000 处使用，负责人是罗纳德·伊斯特曼。

• The Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry offers a 3/2 engineering program with Columbia University's Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, and was once directed by the chemist Charles A. Kraus, a consultant to the Manhattan Project.古斯塔夫·H·卡尔森化学与生物化学学院与哥伦比亚大学富基金工程与应用科学学院合办 3/2 工程项目，其实验室曾由化学家查尔斯·克劳斯主持，克劳斯是曼哈顿计划的顾问。

• The Becker School of Design and Technology offers a bachelor's in interactive media and an MFA, and The Princeton Review ranked its undergraduate game-design program third and its graduate program fifth among U.S. programs in 2025.设计与技术学院提供互动媒体学士与艺术硕士，2025 年被《普林斯顿评论》评为全美本科游戏设计项目第三、研究生游戏设计项目第五。

• In September 2025 Clark launched the School of Climate, Environment, and Society, combining the Graduate School of Geography with economics, sustainability, geospatial analytics, and the George Perkins Marsh Institute, and named Louis Leonard its inaugural dean.2025 年 9 月，克拉克组建气候、环境与社会学院，将地理研究生院与经济、可持续、地理空间分析和乔治·珀金斯·马什研究所合并，并任命路易斯·伦纳德为首任院长。

• The School of Professional Studies, formerly the Evening College from 1953 and the College of Professional and Continuing Education from 1975 to 2016, offers a Master in Public Administration and branch programs in Poland and Russia.专业研究学院前身为 1953 年设立的夜学院，1975 至 2016 年称职业与继续教育学院，设公共管理硕士，并在波兰、俄罗斯设有分支项目。

• Clark's research centers include the Strassler Family Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, founded in 1998 and housed in Lasry House, and the Center for Technology, Environment and Development, founded in 1987.克拉克的研究中心包括 1998 年成立、设于拉斯里楼的大屠杀与种族灭绝研究斯特拉斯勒家族中心，以及 1987 年成立的技术、环境与发展中心。

Campus

• The compact campus sits on Main Street in the Main South neighborhood about 2 miles west of downtown Worcester and 40 miles west of Boston, with most major buildings within a single city block.校园紧凑，位于主南街区的主街，约在伍斯特市中心以西 2 英里、波士顿以西 40 英里处，主要建筑多集中在一个街区之内。

• The Green is the heart of student life and hosts Spree Day, the welcome-back barbecue, club events, and graduation, surrounded by Atwood Hall, the Jefferson Academic Center, Higgins University Center, Jonas Clark Hall, and the Goddard Library.草坪绿地（The Green）是学生活动核心，举办纵情日、返校烧烤、社团活动与毕业典礼，四周环绕阿特伍德楼、杰斐逊学术中心、希金斯大学中心、乔纳斯·克拉克楼和戈达德图书馆。

• Jonas Clark Hall, built in 1887, was the first building and houses economics, psychology, and education, with a cogeneration plant in its basement updated in 2013 to a more efficient 2.0 kWh natural gas engine.建于 1887 年的乔纳斯·克拉克楼是校园首座建筑，容纳经济、心理与教育系，其地下热电联产装置于 2013 年升级为效率更高的 2.0 kWh 天然气机组。

• Atwood Hall, attached to the Jefferson Academic Center, is the 658-seat main theater and former chapel that hosted the Grateful Dead in 1967 and 1969, the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 1968, Janis Joplin in 1969, and Bruce Springsteen in 1974.与杰斐逊学术中心相连的阿特伍德楼是 658 座的主剧场、曾作礼拜堂，1967 与 1969 年感恩至死、1968 吉米·亨德里克斯体验乐队、1969 贾尼斯·乔普林、1974 布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀都曾在此演出。

• In 1963 the student D'Army Bailey invited Malcolm X to speak at Atwood Hall, Noam Chomsky lectured there on April 12, 2011, Bill Clinton spoke on October 16, 2014, and Clark released the documentary Echoes of Atwood Hall in 2026.1963 年，学生达米·贝利邀请马尔科姆·艾克斯到阿特伍德楼演讲，乔姆斯基于 2011 年 4 月 12 日在此开讲，比尔·克林顿于 2014 年 10 月 16 日到场演讲，克拉克于 2026 年推出纪录片《阿特伍德楼的回响》。

• The Lasry Center for Bioscience, named for the alumnus hedge-fund manager Marc Lasry and his wife Cathy, houses the biology department and earned LEED Gold certification, while the Goddard Library above the Academic Commons holds more than 375,000 volumes.以校友、对冲基金经理马克·拉斯里及其夫人凯西命名的拉斯里生物科学中心坐落生物系，获 LEED 金级认证；位于学术共享区上层的戈达德图书馆藏量逾 375000 册。

• In fall 2023 Clark opened the 70,000-square-foot Center for Media Arts, Computing, and Design at 7 Hawthorne Street, designed by Ayers Saint Gross, LEED Gold certified and the first campus building to use geothermal wells.2023 年秋，克拉克在霍桑街 7 号启用占地 7 万平方英尺的媒体艺术、计算与设计中心，由 Ayers Saint Gross 设计，获 LEED 金级认证，是校内首座采用地热井的建筑。

• Students must live on campus for their first two years, the residence halls Wright and Bullock opened in 1959 and Blackstone in 2007, and the Kneller Athletic Center holds the Bickman Fitness Center opened in 1995 and renovated in 2013.学生须在校内住宿两年，赖特楼与布拉洛克楼于 1959 年启用、布莱克斯通楼于 2007 年落成，克内勒体育中心设有 1995 年开放、2013 年翻新的比克曼健身中心。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Clark University is placed in the 951-1000 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，克拉克大学位列第 951-1000 位。

• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 Clark is ranked in the 1001-1200 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，克拉克位列第 1001-1200 区间。

• Clark was not ranked in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities and did not appear in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities main list.克拉克未进入 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名，也未出现在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。

• As of 2019, OpenAlex records 12,966 works and 846,510 citations attributed to Clark, consistent with its R2 classification for high research activity.据 OpenAlex 收录，克拉克累计被引文献产出达 12966 篇、被引 846510 次，与其 R2 高研究活动分类相符。

• U.S. News & World Report rates undergraduate admission to Clark as more selective, and for fall 2023 Clark received 10,735 first-year applications and admitted 4,498, or 41.9 percent, with enrolled freshmen averaging a 3.68 GPA.《美国新闻与世界报道》将克拉克本科录取评为“择优”，2023 年秋季收到 10735 份新生申请、录取 4498 人（41.9%），入学新生平均高中绩点 3.68。

• The Princeton Review featured Clark on its 2021 list of best-value colleges in the United States and ranked it third of the top 20 Best Schools for Making an Impact in 2020.《普林斯顿评论》将克拉克列入 2021 年美国最具性价比院校榜，并于 2020 年将其评为“最具影响力二十校”第三名。

• At the subject level, The Princeton Review placed Clark's Becker game-design program third nationally among undergraduate programs in 2025, its strongest published discipline ranking.就学科维度而言，2025 年《普林斯顿评论》将克拉克贝克尔游戏设计本科项目列为全美第三，是其最高的单科排名。

• Clark's only Nobel-tier honor in the sources is its tie to Albert A. Michelson, the first American Nobel laureate in Physics, who taught there from 1889 to 1892, and no other laureate is named in the record.就顶级荣誉而言，资料所记克拉克与诺奖的唯一关联是首位美国诺贝尔物理学奖得主迈克耳孙，他于 1889 至 1892 年在此任教，记录中未点名其他获奖者。

Student life

• In fall 2019 Clark's student body comprised 2,349 undergraduates and 1,149 graduate and professional students, and international students made up 11.5 percent of undergraduates, 21 percent were ALANA, and 61 percent were female.2019 年秋，克拉克有本科生 2349 名、研究生与专业学位学生 1149 名；国际生占本科生 11.5%，亚裔、拉丁裔、非裔与原住民占 21%，女生占 61%。

• About 66 percent of undergraduates live on campus under a two-year requirement, after which a seniority system gives seniors first choice of rooms and juniors second.约 66% 的本科生依两年住宿规定住校，此后按资历选房，大四优先、大三次之。

• More than 130 student clubs and organizations are headed by the Clark Undergraduate Student Council, which distributes more than $750,000 in budgets to the clubs.校内社团逾 130 个，由本科生学生会统一领导，学生会向各社团分配逾 750000 美元预算。

• Student media include the weekly newspaper The Scarlet, the annual literary magazine Caesura, STIR Magazine founded by Diana Levine in 2004, the research journal SURJ, and the satire The Freudian Slip founded in 2015.学生媒体包括周报《猩红报》、年度文学杂志《休止》、戴安娜·莱文于 2004 年创办的《STIR》杂志、研究期刊 SURJ 以及 2015 年创办的讽刺刊物。

• Radio of Clark University is a student-run internet station with more than 100 student disc jockeys.克拉克大学广播电台是学生自主运营的网络电台，拥有逾 100 名学生 DJ。

• Spree Day began in 1903 to coincide with St. Patrick's Day, when seniors wake first-years by banging pots and pans, and Clark also holds an annual Academic Spree Day for undergraduate research.纵情日始于 1903 年、与圣帕特里克节同日，高年级学生以敲锅声唤醒新生，克拉克另设年度学术纵情日展示本科生研究。

• Clark fields 17 NCAA Division III varsity teams as the Clark Cougars in the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference, and club sports raise its student athletics participation to about 65 percent.克拉克以“美洲狮”之名在女子与男子运动联盟新英格兰区派出 17 支 NCAA 三级校队，加上俱乐部项目，学生体育参与率约 65%。

• Since 1985 Clark's University Park Partnership has refurbished homes for local buyers, and the University Park Campus School opened in 1997 was named the 68th best high school in the nation by Newsweek on May 16, 2005.自 1985 年起，克拉克大学公园伙伴计划翻新住房售予本地居民，1997 年创办的大学公园校区中学在 2005 年 5 月 16 日被《新闻周刊》评为全国第 68 佳高中。

Notable people

• Robert H. Goddard, who was both a graduate student and a professor at Clark and conducted many rocket experiments on campus, is the university's most famous alumnus.罗伯特·戈达德曾兼具克拉克研究生与教师双重身份，在校内做了大量火箭实验，是该校最著名的校友。

• G. Stanley Hall, Clark's first president, founded the American Psychological Association at the university in July 1892.克拉克首任校长斯坦利·霍尔于 1892 年 7 月在该校创立美国心理学会。

• Albert A. Michelson, the first American to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics and famed for the Michelson-Morley experiment measuring the speed of light, taught physics at Clark from 1889 to 1892.迈克耳孙是首位获诺贝尔物理学奖的美国科学家，以测光速的迈克尔逊-莫雷实验闻名，1889 至 1892 年在克拉克讲授物理。

• Sigmund Freud delivered his only United States lectures at the 1909 Clark Lectures and received an honorary degree from Clark, with Carl Jung accompanying him.弗洛伊德唯一一次赴美讲学即 1909 年的克拉克讲座，克拉克授予其名誉学位，荣格随同到访。

• Francis Sumner, the first African American to earn a psychology PhD in 1920, and Arnold Gesell, the child psychologist who pioneered the use of film, both came to Clark.1920 年获心理学博士的首位非裔学者萨姆纳与首创用胶片研究儿童发展的心理学家盖塞尔均出自克拉克。

• Paul Siple, the Antarctic explorer and co-inventor of the wind chill factor, studied in the Graduate School of Geography on Admiral Richard E. Byrd's recommendation and named the Clark Mountains in Antarctica.南极探险家、风寒指数发明者之一西普尔在海军少将理查德·伯德推荐下就读地理研究生院，并以南极的克拉克山脉命名留念。

• Grayson L. Kirk earned a master's at Clark and later presided over Columbia University during the 1968 protests, while the alumnus D'Army Bailey founded the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis and invited Malcolm X to speak at Clark in 1963.格雷森·柯克在克拉克获硕士学位，后于 1968 年学潮期间执掌哥伦比亚大学；校友达米·贝利在孟菲斯创办国家民权博物馆，并于 1963 年邀请马尔科姆·艾克斯到克拉克演讲。

• Other alumni include the Blue Man Group co-founder Matt Goldman, the East African Community secretary-general Libérat Mfumukeko, the Soul Fire Farm co-founder Leah Penniman, and the Chinese poet Xu Zhimo, who earned his BA at Clark.其他校友包括蓝人组联合创始人马特·戈尔德曼、东非共同体秘书长利贝拉·姆富穆凯科、灵魂火农场联合创始人莉亚·佩尼曼，以及在克拉克获学士学位的中国诗人徐志摩。