Carnegie Mellon University

Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, established in 1900 by the industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie as the Carnegie Technical Schools.卡内基梅隆大学（英文：Carnegie Mellon University，简称 CMU）是美国宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的一所私立研究型大学，1900 年由实业家兼慈善家安德鲁·卡内基创办，初名卡内基技术学校。

It grew into the degree-granting Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1912 and took its present name in 1967 through a merger with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, and it is a member of the Association of American Universities.该校于 1912 年发展为授予学位的卡内基理工学院，1967 年与梅隆工业研究所合并后改用现名，并且是美国大学协会的成员。

Carnegie Mellon is organised into seven colleges and enrolled 16,676 students in 2024, and it is placed 55th in the QS World University Rankings 2027 and 24th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027.卡内基梅隆大学下设 7 个学院，2024 年在校学生 16,676 人；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 55 位，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中位列第 24 位。

History

• Andrew Carnegie, a self-educated Scottish immigrant who built the world's largest steel company, wrote on 15 November 1900 that he had long wished to give Pittsburgh a technical institute fashioned upon the best models.安德鲁·卡内基是一位自学成才的苏格兰移民，创建了当时世界最大的钢铁公司；1900 年 11 月 15 日他写道，自己长久以来一直希望为匹兹堡兴建一所依照最佳范例设立的技术学院。
• Carnegie donated one million dollars in bonds to endow the school, the city of Pittsburgh provided 32 acres of land beside Schenley Park, and the institution opened as the Carnegie Technical Schools.卡内基捐出一百万美元债券作为办学基金，匹兹堡市在申利公园旁提供 32 英亩土地，学校遂以「卡内基技术学校」之名开办。
• Carnegie envisioned schools of science and technology, of fine and applied arts, and of apprentices and journeymen, together with Margaret Morrison Carnegie College for women, which he named after his mother.卡内基规划了科学与技术、美术与应用艺术、学徒与技工等学校，以及一所招收女性的玛格丽特·莫里森·卡内基学院，后者以他母亲之名命名。
• The institute was inspired in part by the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, founded by Charles Pratt in 1887, and Carnegie's declared purpose was vocational training for the sons and daughters of working-class Pittsburgh.该校在一定程度上受到 1887 年由查尔斯·普拉特创办的布鲁克林普拉特学院启发，卡内基声明的宗旨是为匹兹堡工人阶级的子女提供职业训练。
• Arthur Hamerschlag was appointed in 1903 to head the new schools and supervised the construction of buildings designed by the architect Henry Hornbostel, who gave the campus its Beaux Arts character.阿瑟·哈默施拉格于 1903 年获任命主持新校，并督造由建筑师亨利·霍恩博斯特尔设计的建筑，后者赋予校园布杂艺术风格。
• The first class of the Carnegie Technical Schools was admitted in 1906, and the institution initially awarded two- and three-year certificates in the arts and in engineering disciplines.卡内基技术学校于 1906 年招收首届学生，最初在艺术与工程领域颁发两年制与三年制证书。
• In 1912 the institution was renamed the Carnegie Institute of Technology and began granting four-year bachelor's degrees through its College of Engineering and College of Fine Arts.1912 年，该校更名为卡内基理工学院，并通过其工程学院与美术学院开始授予四年制学士学位。
• In 1913 Andrew Mellon and Richard B. Mellon founded the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, a science research centre that would later merge with Carnegie Tech.1913 年，安德鲁·梅隆与理查德·B·梅隆创办了梅隆工业研究所，这所科学研究机构后来与卡内基理工学院合并。
• The first drama degree in the United States was awarded at Carnegie Tech in 1914 to a class of fourteen actors, establishing the university's long theatrical tradition.1914 年，全美第一个戏剧学位在卡内基理工学院授予，该届仅十四名演员，从而确立了该校悠久的戏剧传统。
• In 1919 the first doctorate, in civil engineering, was awarded to Mao Yisheng, a student from China who later became a celebrated builder of modern Chinese bridges, and Andrew Carnegie died the same year.1919 年，该校颁发了第一个博士学位，系土木工程专业，获得者是中国留学生茅以升，他后来成为中国现代桥梁的著名建造者；同年安德鲁·卡内基去世。
• With the Carnegie Plan of 1938 the institute required science and engineering students to take courses in the humanities and social sciences, then about nineteen per cent of the curriculum.1938 年推行的「卡内基计划」要求理工科学生修读人文与社会科学课程，当时约占课程总量的百分之十九。
• After the Second World War the Graduate School of Industrial Administration was founded in 1948, pioneering quantitative methods and the field of management science.第二次世界大战后的 1948 年，工业管理研究生院成立，开创了定量分析方法与管理科学这一领域。
• In 1956 the arrival of the first IBM computer on campus began a culture in which information technology pervaded almost every field of study at the institution.1956 年，第一台 IBM 计算机进入校园，由此开启了一种信息技术几乎渗透到所有学科的文化。
• In 1967 the trustees of the Mellon Institute and the Carnegie Institute of Technology merged the two bodies and adopted the name Carnegie Mellon University, an event whose fiftieth anniversary was marked in 2017.1967 年，梅隆研究所与卡内基理工学院的董事会将两所机构合并，定名为卡内基梅隆大学；2017 年该校纪念了合并五十周年。
• In 1968 the university created the School of Urban and Public Affairs, later renamed the H. John Heinz III College, and organised a new College of Humanities and Social Sciences.1968 年，该校设立城市与公共事务学院（后更名为 H. John Heinz III 学院），并组建了新的人文学与社会科学学院。
• Margaret Morrison Carnegie College, the original women's college, closed as the university became fully coeducational, and by 1973 women had joined men in the same classrooms and residence halls.随着学校全面走向男女同校，原本的女子学院玛格丽特·莫里森·卡内基学院停止运作；到 1973 年，女性已与男性共享同样的教室与宿舍。
• In 1986 the university established the School of Computer Science, which grew out of the interdisciplinary work of Allen Newell and Herbert Simon and became a pioneer of computing and artificial intelligence.1986 年，该校成立计算机科学学院，它源于艾伦·纽厄尔与赫伯特·西蒙的跨学科工作，并成为计算与人工智能研究的先驱。
• In 2004 the Graduate School of Industrial Administration was renamed the Tepper School of Business in honour of the alumnus and hedge fund investor David A. Tepper.2004 年，工业管理研究生院为纪念校友、对冲基金投资人戴维·A·泰珀而更名为泰珀商学院。
• In 2003 the university and the Carnegie Science Center established the Robot Hall of Fame, and in 2014 the Tony Awards named Carnegie Mellon their first educational partner for a prize honouring school theatre educators.2003 年，该校与卡内基科学中心共同设立「机器人名人堂」；2014 年托尼奖指定卡内基梅隆大学为首个教育合作伙伴，共同颁发表彰中小学戏剧教师的奖项。
• In the 2000s the university began offering degree programmes outside Pittsburgh and now has more than a dozen degree-granting locations on six continents, including campuses in Qatar, Silicon Valley and Rwanda.进入二十一世纪，该校开始在匹兹堡以外开设学位项目，如今在六大洲拥有十余个可授学位的地点，包括卡塔尔、硅谷与卢旺达校区。

Academics

• The university consists of seven colleges and schools, namely the College of Engineering, the College of Fine Arts, the Dietrich College of Humanities and Social Sciences, the Mellon College of Science, the School of Computer Science, the Tepper School of Business and the Heinz College.该校由 7 个学院组成，分别是工程学院、美术学院、迪特里希人文与社会科学学院、梅隆科学学院、计算机科学学院、泰珀商学院与海因茨学院。
• In 2024 the university enrolled 16,676 students, comprising 7,744 undergraduates and 8,932 graduate students, taught by 1,483 academic staff members.2024 年，该校在校学生 16,676 人，其中本科生 7,744 人、研究生 8,932 人，由 1,483 名学术人员授课。
• Carnegie Mellon is classified as an R1 doctoral university with very high research activity and belongs to the Association of American Universities, whose members are the leading North American research institutions.卡内基梅隆大学被归类为研究活动极活跃的 R1 级博士型大学，并且是美国大学协会成员，该协会成员皆为北美顶尖研究型学府。
• The School of Computer Science was among the first in the world to establish dedicated departments of machine learning, robotics and computational biology, and its alumni and faculty have won thirteen Turing Awards.计算机科学学院是全球最早设立机器学习、机器人学与计算生物学等专门学系的院系之一，其校友与教师共获得 13 项图灵奖。
• The Robotics Institute, founded in 1979 within the School of Computer Science, was the first robotics department in the United States and has produced pioneering work in autonomous vehicles.机器人研究所于 1979 年在计算机科学学院内成立，是全美首个机器人学系，并在自动驾驶车辆方面取得了开创性成果。
• The Human-Computer Interaction Institute and the Language Technologies Institute are major research units within the School of Computer Science, working on interfaces, speech and machine translation.人机交互研究所与语言技术研究所是计算机科学学院的重要研究单位，分别致力于界面、语音与机器翻译研究。
• The Software Engineering Institute, a federally funded research and development centre operated by the university, developed the Capability Maturity Model that is used widely in software engineering.软件工程研究所是由该校运营的联邦资助研发中心，开发了在软件工程领域广泛应用的「能力成熟度模型」。
• The College of Fine Arts, founded in 1905, was the first comprehensive arts institution in the United States and today comprises the schools of Architecture, Art, Design, Drama and Music.创立于 1905 年的美术学院是全美第一所综合性艺术院校，如今下设建筑、艺术、设计、戏剧与音乐五个学院。
• The Tepper School of Business is known for quantitative analysis and management science, and the Heinz College trains graduates in public policy and information systems.泰珀商学院以定量分析与管理科学著称，海因茨学院则培养公共政策与信息系统领域的毕业生。
• The Mellon College of Science and the College of Engineering support research across physics, chemistry, the life sciences, materials, and civil, electrical and mechanical engineering.梅隆科学学院与工程学院支撑物理学、化学、生命科学、材料学以及土木、电机与机械工程等领域的研究。
• Carnegie Mellon's faculty and alumni include twenty-one Nobel Prize laureates, and the university is especially associated with economics, computing and the natural sciences.该校教师与校友中有 21 位诺贝尔奖得主，学校尤其以经济学、计算科学与自然科学见长。
• Undergraduate admission is highly selective across all colleges, and students may pursue double majors, minors, or self-designed interdisciplinary degrees that cross college boundaries.该校各学院本科录取都极具选择性，学生可以攻读双主修、辅修，或跨学院自设的跨学科专业。
• The university's research income is supported by government agencies, industry and philanthropy, and its endowment was valued at 4.29 billion dollars in 2025.该校研究经费来自政府机构、产业界与慈善捐赠，其捐赠基金在 2025 年估值达 42.9 亿美元。
• Its global programmes include the Carnegie Mellon University in Qatar and Carnegie Mellon University Africa in Rwanda, alongside graduate offerings in Silicon Valley and New York.其全球项目包括卡塔尔卡内基梅隆大学与卢旺达的卡内基梅隆非洲校区，并在硅谷与纽约提供研究生课程。

Campus

• The main campus occupies 157.2 acres in the Oakland district of Pittsburgh, about five miles from the city centre, and is centred at the latitude and longitude of 40.44062 north and 79.99589 west.主校区占地 157.2 英亩，位于匹兹堡奥克兰区，距市中心约 5 英里，其中心位于北纬 40.44062 度、西经 79.99589 度。
• The campus was laid out in the Beaux Arts style by the architect Henry Hornbostel, whose early twentieth-century buildings gave the university an elegant setting of machine shops, studios and laboratories.校园由建筑师亨利·霍恩博斯特尔以布杂艺术风格规划，其二十世纪初的建筑为学校营造出集机械车间、工作室与实验室于一体的优雅环境。
• Hamerschlag Hall, with its prominent tower, is the historic centrepiece of the campus, while Doherty Hall and Wean Hall remain major teaching and research buildings.带高塔的哈默施拉格楼是校园的历史核心建筑，而多赫蒂楼与威恩楼至今仍是重要的教学与研究大楼。
• The Gates and Hillman Centers, opened in 2009, house the School of Computer Science, and the nearby Pausch Bridge carries a lighted walkway to the Purnell Center for the Arts.2009 年启用的盖茨与希尔曼中心是计算机科学学院的所在地，附近的鲍什桥则是一条通往珀内尔艺术中心的灯光步道。
• The Pausch Bridge is named for the late professor Randy Pausch and features more than 7,000 programmable LED lights and abstract penguin outlines above a walkway linking the arts and computing precincts.鲍什桥以已故教授兰迪·鲍什命名，桥上装有 7,000 多盏可编程 LED 灯以及抽象的企鹅轮廓，横跨连接艺术区与计算科学区的步道。
• The Cut, a central grassy lawn, the Mall between Doherty and Hamerschlag halls, and the wooden Fence that students paint overnight are the symbolic heart of student activity.中央草坪「The Cut」、多赫蒂楼与哈默施拉格楼之间的「The Mall」，以及学生通宵涂刷的木栅栏，都是学生活动的象征性核心。
• Stever House, opened in 2003, was the first residence hall in the world to receive Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certification for its green design.2003 年启用的斯蒂弗楼是全球第一座因其绿色设计而获得能源与环境设计先锋认证的宿舍楼。
• Beyond Pittsburgh the university operates degree programmes in Qatar, Silicon Valley, New York, Los Angeles, Washington and Rwanda, connected to the main campus through shared curricula.在匹兹堡之外，该校在卡塔尔、硅谷、纽约、洛杉矶、华盛顿与卢旺达开设学位项目，并通过共享课程与主校区相联系。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Carnegie Mellon is placed 55th in the world, and its programmes in computer science and engineering are among the most highly regarded globally.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，卡内基梅隆大学位列世界第 55 位，其计算机科学与工程类项目在全球享有极高声誉。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places the university 24th in the world, one of its strongest ever positions.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列为世界第 24 位，是其历来最靠前的名次之一。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026-2027 ranks it 112th in the world, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2026 places it in the 101 to 150 band.2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻与世界报道最佳全球大学排名将其列为世界第 112 位；2026 年世界大学学术排名则将其列入 101 至 150 区间。
• In the QS World University Rankings by Subject the university is consistently ranked among the very top in the world for computer science and information systems as well as for art and design.在 QS 世界大学学科排名中，该校在计算机科学与信息系统以及艺术与设计等学科长期位居世界前列。
• The OpenAlex database attributes 164,784 works to the university with 17,482,165 citations, reflecting a substantial and widely referenced research output.OpenAlex 数据库为该校收录 164,784 篇成果，被引用 17,482,165 次，反映其规模可观且被广泛引用的科研产出。
• The university's faculty and alumni include twenty-one Nobel laureates and thirteen Turing Award winners, and have received 142 Emmy Awards, 64 Tony Awards and 13 Academy Awards.该校教师与校友中有 21 位诺贝尔奖得主与 13 位图灵奖得主，并共获得 142 项艾美奖、64 项托尼奖与 13 项奥斯卡奖。
• The economist Herbert Simon, whose work on bounded rationality and artificial intelligence took place largely at the university, won the 1978 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.经济学家赫伯特·西蒙关于有限理性与人工智能的研究主要在该校完成，他获得了 1978 年诺贝尔经济学奖。
• Carnegie Mellon is widely regarded as a leader in computing, robotics and the arts, and its interdisciplinary culture has been described as unusual in combining technology and the fine arts at the highest level.卡内基梅隆大学被普遍视为计算、机器人学与艺术的领军者，其跨学科文化把技术与美术在最高层次上相结合，被誉为高等教育中的独特范例。
• The university's graduates are actively recruited by leading technology firms, and its School of Computer Science reports among the highest median starting salaries of any American programme in the field.该校毕业生深受顶尖科技公司青睐，其计算机科学学院所报告的毕业生起薪中位数，在全美同类项目中位居前列。

Student life

• The university's motto, "My heart is in the work", comes from the words Andrew Carnegie wrote in 1900 when he gave the funds to establish the institution.该校校训「My heart is in the work」（我的心在工作之中）来自安德鲁·卡内基 1900 年捐资创校时所写下的语句。
• The Tartan, the student newspaper, takes its name from the university's Scottish-inspired plaid and nickname, and the mascot is Scotty the Scottish Terrier.学生报纸《The Tartan》之名取自该校受苏格兰启发的格子呢图案与绰号，校吉祥物则是苏格兰梗犬「Scotty」。
• The Kiltie Band began in 1908 with just seven students and gave its first official performance on 25 November 1922, on what would have been Andrew Carnegie's eighty-seventh birthday.风笛乐队 Kiltie Band 于 1908 年由仅 7 名学生发起，1922 年 11 月 25 日首次正式演出，那天恰逢安德鲁·卡内基 87 岁诞辰。
• Members of the Kiltie Band wear tartan kilts and include bagpipes, and the band plays at all home football games, holiday concerts and the university's Spring Carnival.风笛乐队的成员身着格子呢短裙并吹奏风笛，乐队会在所有主场橄榄球赛、节日音乐会以及学校春季嘉年华上演奏。
• Spring Carnival is the university's largest annual tradition and features Buggy, the Sweepstakes push-cart races, along with Booth competition and a Midway.春季嘉年华是该校规模最大的年度传统活动，包含「Buggy」推车竞速赛（正式名称 Sweepstakes）、展亭竞赛以及游乐集市。
• In the Buggy races student teams build human-powered pushcarts that are driven downhill and pushed uphill by relay teams in one of the oldest such competitions in the United States.在 Buggy 比赛中，学生团队打造人力推车，由接力队伍负责下坡驾驶与上坡推动，是全美历史最悠久的此类竞赛之一。
• Student organisations such as ScottyLabs run hackathons including TartanHacks, while more than 200 clubs cover theatre, community service, cultural and academic interests across the campus.ScottyLabs 等学生组织举办 TartanHacks 等黑客松，校园内还有 200 多个社团，涵盖戏剧、社区服务、文化与学术等兴趣领域。
• The university's theatre tradition dates to the first American drama degree of 1914, and student groups have incubated works such as the musicals Pippin and Godspell.该校的戏剧传统可追溯到 1914 年全美首个戏剧学位，学生团体曾孕育《丕平》与《上帝颂》等音乐剧。

Notable people

• Andrew Carnegie, the Scottish-American steel magnate and philanthropist, founded the Carnegie Technical Schools in 1900 with a one-million-dollar gift and gave the university its motto.苏格兰裔美国钢铁巨头与慈善家安德鲁·卡内基于 1900 年捐资一百万美元创办卡内基技术学校，并为该校留下了校训。
• Andrew Mellon and Richard B. Mellon founded the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research in 1913, the research body whose merger with Carnegie Tech in 1967 produced Carnegie Mellon University.安德鲁·梅隆与理查德·B·梅隆于 1913 年创办梅隆工业研究所，该研究机构 1967 年与卡内基理工学院合并，造就了卡内基梅隆大学。
• Arthur Hamerschlag, the first head of the schools from 1903 to 1922, oversaw the design and construction of the original campus and its Beaux Arts buildings.阿瑟·哈默施拉格于 1903 至 1922 年担任学校的首任负责人，主持了原初校园及其布杂艺术风格建筑的设计与兴建。
• Mao Yisheng, a Chinese student who received the university's first doctorate in 1919, later designed the Qiantang River Bridge and is honoured as a founding father of modern Chinese bridge engineering.中国留学生茅以升于 1919 年获得该校第一个博士学位，后来主持设计钱塘江大桥，被誉为中国现代桥梁工程的奠基人。
• Wu Ziliang, a materials scientist who earned his doctorate at Carnegie Tech in 1948, later became a recipient of China's Two Bombs, One Satellite merit medal for his contributions to national defence science.材料科学家吴自良 1948 年在卡内基理工学院获得博士学位，后来因其对国防科学的贡献而获授中国「两弹一星」功勋奖章。
• John Forbes Nash Jr., who studied mathematics at the institution and graduated in 1948, shared the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and became the subject of the film A Beautiful Mind.约翰·福布斯·纳什在该校攻读数学并于 1948 年毕业，他共同获得 1994 年诺贝尔经济学奖，并成为电影《美丽心灵》的主人公原型。
• Herbert Simon, a professor at the university, won the 1978 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on decision-making and was a founding figure of artificial intelligence.该校教授赫伯特·西蒙因在决策过程方面的研究获得 1978 年诺贝尔经济学奖，同时是人工智能的奠基人物之一。
• Paul Flory, who earned his doctorate in chemistry at the institution in 1934, received the 1974 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on polymer science.1934 年在该校取得化学博士学位的保罗·弗洛里，因在高分子科学方面的贡献获得 1974 年诺贝尔化学奖。
• Alan Perlis, a graduate who was a pioneer of programming languages and computer science education, became the first recipient of the Turing Award in 1966.校友艾伦·佩利是编程语言与计算机科学教育的先驱，于 1966 年成为首位图灵奖得主。
• Ivan Sutherland, a long-serving faculty member known as the father of computer graphics, received the Turing Award in 1988 for his contributions to interactive graphics.被誉为「计算机图形学之父」的长期任教者伊万·萨瑟兰，因在交互式图形学方面的贡献获得 1988 年图灵奖。
• Andy Warhol, one of the most influential visual artists of the twentieth century and a leader of pop art, graduated from the College of Fine Arts in 1949.二十世纪最具影响力的视觉艺术家之一、波普艺术领袖安迪·沃霍尔于 1949 年毕业于该校美术学院。
• James Gosling, who earned his doctorate in computer science in 1983, is recognised as the creator of the Java programming language while working at Sun Microsystems.1983 年取得计算机科学博士学位的詹姆斯·高斯林，在太阳微系统公司工作期间被公认为 Java 程序语言的创造者。
• Charles Erwin Wilson, an engineering graduate, served as chief executive of General Motors and as United States Secretary of Defense from 1953 to 1957.工程专业毕业生查尔斯·欧文·威尔逊曾任通用汽车公司总裁，并于 1953 至 1957 年出任美国国防部长。
• David Tepper, a graduate of the business school, founded the hedge fund Appaloosa Management and in 2004 the school was renamed in his honour, and he owns the Carolina Panthers.商学院校友戴维·泰珀创办了对冲基金阿帕卢萨管理公司，学院于 2004 年以他之名更名；他还拥有卡罗来纳黑豹橄榄球队。
• Kai-Fu Lee, a computer science graduate, became a leading technology executive in the United States and China and served as president of Google China.计算机科学专业毕业生李开复成为在美国与中国皆有影响力的科技高管，并曾任谷歌中国总裁。
• Andrew Ng, an alumnus and former faculty member, is a leading researcher in machine learning and artificial intelligence, a co-founder of Coursera and a former chief scientist of Baidu.校友兼前教师吴恩达是机器学习与人工智能领域的领军研究者，也是 Coursera 的联合创始人以及百度前首席科学家。