Carleton University

Carleton University is an English-language public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, founded in 1942 as Carleton College to serve returning veterans of the Second World War.卡尔顿大学是加拿大安大略省渥太华一所以英语授课的公立研究型大学，1942 年以卡尔顿学院之名创办，最初为二战归国军人服务。

It was chartered as a university by the provincial government in 1952 and received its present name after the Carleton University Act was amended in 1957 to give it university status.该校 1952 年由省政府特许为大学，其现名则源自 1957 年对《卡尔顿大学法》的修订，此次修订正式赋予其大学地位。

The university is named after the now-dissolved Carleton County, which included the city of Ottawa when the institution was founded, and today enrols more than twenty-five thousand undergraduates each year.校名取自如今已撤销的卡尔顿县，创校时渥太华市正辖于该县；今天该校每年招收本科生逾 25,000 人。

History

• Discussions about establishing a second post-secondary institution in Ottawa began in the fall of 1938 among a committee drawn from the local Young Men's Christian Association, seeking a school for the city's non-Catholic population.关于在渥太华设立第二所高等学府的讨论，始于 1938 年秋当地基督教青年会分支组建的一个委员会，意在为该市非天主教群体办学。

• World War Two suspended the first committee, and Henry Marshall Tory then organised a replacement, the Ottawa Association for the Advancement of Learning, formally incorporated in June 1942.第二次世界大战使首个委员会停顿，亨利·马歇尔·托里随后组织起替代机构渥太华促进学习协会，并于 1942 年 6 月正式注册成立。

• Established in 1942 as Carleton College, a non-denominational institution, the school began by offering evening courses in rented classrooms at the High School of Commerce in downtown Ottawa.该校于 1942 年以卡尔顿学院之名创办，是一所无宗派院校，最初在渥太华闹市商务高中的租用教室内开设夜间课程。

• The first academic year offered English, French, history, algebra, trigonometry, chemistry, physics, and biology, taught in rented rooms around the city because the young college owned no campus yet.第一个学年开设英语、法语、历史、代数、三角、化学、物理与生物诸课，因学院尚无自有校园，只能在城中各处租屋授课。

• With the end of the war in 1945 and the return of veterans, Carleton College saw a surge in enrolment in 1945-46, accepting about 2,200 new students in a single academic year.随着 1945 年战争结束、军人复员，卡尔顿学院在 1945-46 学年招生激增，一学年即接收约 2,200 名新生。

• To house these students the college rented rooms across the city, including spaces at the Lisgar Collegiate Institute, the Ottawa Technical High School, and the basements of several local churches.为安置这些学生，学院在全市各处租用房舍，包括利斯加尔学院、渥太华技术高中，以及数座本地教堂的地下室。

• In 1946 the college opened its first campus at Lyon Street and First Avenue in the Glebe, a four-storey building once used as barracks for the Canadian Women's Army Corps.1946 年，学院在格勒本地区莱昂街与第一大道交口开设首座校园，主楼为四层建筑，曾作加拿大女子陆军军团营房之用。

• Carleton's very first degrees were conferred in 1946 upon graduates of its Journalism and Public Administration programmes, two fields that would long remain central to the university's identity.卡尔顿首批学位于 1946 年授予其新闻学与公共行政两个专业的毕业生，此二领域此后长期构成大学的立校之本。

• For nearly a decade the college operated on a shoestring budget, funded mainly through community initiatives and student fees, with first-year tuition in 1942-43 costing roughly ten dollars per course.学院近十年间靠紧缩预算维持，经费主要来自社区倡议与学生缴费；1942-43 学年首年学费每课仅约十加元。

• Fundraising by the college's president, Henry Marshall Tory, gathered one million dollars from donors around Ottawa, half of which funded the first building and half went to endow the college.首任院长亨利·马歇尔·托里向渥太华周边捐助者募得 100 万加元，其中半数用于购置首栋楼舍，半数用以设立学院基金。

• In 1952 the Ontario Legislature passed the Carleton College Act, granting the school degree-awarding powers and making it the province's first private, non-sectarian college.1952 年安大略省立法机构通过《卡尔顿学院法》，授予该校学位授予权，使其成为本省第一所私立无宗派学院。

• The governance system was modelled on the University of Toronto Act of 1906, creating a bicameral structure with a Faculty Senate for academic policy and a Board of Governors for finances.其治理体制仿照 1906 年《多伦多大学法》，设两院架构：主管学术政策的教师参议会，与掌管财务的董事会。

• Although land acquisition for the campus began in 1947, the college secured the whole 150-acre site only in 1952, much of it donated by Ottawa magnate Harry Stevenson Southam.尽管现校园的土地收购始于 1947 年，学院却直到 1952 年才取得全部 150 英亩地块，其中大片由渥太华实业家哈里·斯蒂文森·萨瑟姆捐赠。

• In March 1956 the college released a seventy-five-year master plan for staged campus development, whose first phase was estimated at 4.2 million dollars and foresaw academic blocks, residences, and athletic facilities.1956 年 3 月学院发布历时七十五年的分阶段校园总体规划，首期工程预估耗资 420 万加元，拟建教学楼、宿舍与体育设施。

• In October 1956 the start of construction at the new Rideau River campus was marked by a ceremonial sod-turning performed by Dana Porter, then serving as the Treasurer of Ontario.1956 年 10 月，时任安大略省财政厅长达纳·波特为新里多校区校址举行破土典礼，标志新校园正式动工。

• The 1957 Carleton University Act amended the earlier law to grant Carleton public-university status and its present name, yet governance changed little from the 1952 arrangement.1957 年《卡尔顿大学法》修订旧法，赋予卡尔顿公立大学地位与现名，然其治理相较 1952 年之制并无大变。

• When the Rideau River campus opened in 1959 the university moved to its present site, its first three buildings being the MacOdrum Library, Paterson Hall, and the Henry Marshall Tory Building.里多校区 1959 年启用后，大学迁入现址，最初三栋楼即麦克奥德伦图书馆、帕特森楼与亨利·马歇尔·托里楼。

• Student numbers rose steeply through the 1960s, with full-time enrolment swelling from 857 to 7,139 over the decade as provincial and federal governments increased support for post-secondary education.整个二十世纪六十年代学生人数陡升，全日制注册从 857 增至 7,139 人，同期省政府与联邦政府对高等教育的资助亦大幅增加。

• To house students arriving from beyond the capital region the university opened Lanark House and Renfrew House in 1962, its first purpose-built residence halls, initially separated by sex.为安置来自首都地区以外的学生，大学于 1962 年开设兰纳克楼与伦弗鲁楼，这是其首批专门建造、起初按性别分隔的宿舍。

• In 1969 Carleton ended mandatory sex segregation of dormitories in favour of co-educational housing, becoming the first university in North America to adopt that practice.1969 年卡尔顿取消宿舍强制性别隔离、改行男女合宿，成为北美洲率先采行此制的大学。

• In 1967 Saint Patrick's College, a Catholic liberal arts college founded by the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate, became affiliated with Carleton and was given a new building at the campus's north end in 1973.1967 年，由无玷圣母传教修士会创办的天主教文科院校圣帕特里克学院与卡尔顿结为附属，并于 1973 年在校园北端获建新楼。

• In 1979 Saint Patrick's College was dissolved and merged into Carleton, its final dean being Gerald Clarke, a professor there since 1954, while the St. Patrick's Building name was retained as a historical marker.1979 年圣帕特里克学院被撤销并入卡尔顿，其末任院长杰拉尔德·克拉克自 1954 年起即在此任教；圣帕特里克楼之名作为历史标志得以保留。

• In 1972 the university completed Dunton Tower, then called the Arts Tower and briefly the tallest academic building in Canada, followed in 1974 by an Athletics Centre with a pool, courts, and gymnasium.1972 年大学建成达顿楼，当时称艺术楼，一度为加拿大最高的教学大楼；1974 年又建成配有游泳池、球场与健身房的体育中心。

• Enrolment rebounded during the 1980s, rising by 76 percent or 5,582 students over the decade, prompting new buildings such as the Life Sciences Research Centre and the Minto Centre of Advanced Studies in Engineering.二十世纪八十年代该校招生回暖，十年间增长 76%、即 5,582 人，遂兴建生命科学研究中心与明托高等工程研究中心等新楼以纾解拥挤。

Academics

• Carleton is organised into five faculties and offers more than sixty-five degree programmes, and it is a member of Universities Canada and the Association of Commonwealth Universities.卡尔顿设有五个学院、开出逾 65 个学位课程，并为加拿大大学协会与英联邦大学协会的成员。

• As of 2023 the school reported an enrolment of 30,760 students, comprising 25,722 undergraduates and 5,038 graduate students, supported by 1,062 faculty members and 861 contract instructors.按 2023 年口径，全校在校生 30,760 人，其中本科生 25,722 人、研究生 5,038 人，另有教师 1,062 名与合同讲师 861 名。

• Carleton's graduation rate within seven years stood at about 70.4 percent in 2017-18, and its graduate employment rate reached 92.7 percent within two years of completing a degree.该校七年内毕业率约 70.4%（2017-18 年度），毕业后两年内就业率达 92.7%，其中多数毕业生从事与所学相关的领域。

• The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences offers 27 majors and 16 minors and oversees disciplines such as anthropology, English, French, geography, history, music, psychology, and sociology.文艺与社会科学学院设 27 个主修与 16 个辅修，辖有人类学、英语、法语、地理、历史、音乐、心理学与社会学等学科。

• The faculty houses the College of the Humanities, one of Canada's few Great Books programmes, and the Institute of Cognitive Science, offering the country's only structured cognitive science PhD.该学院下设人文学院，是加拿大为数不多的大读书会项目之一；又设认知科学研究所，提供全国唯一结构完整的认知科学博士课程。

• Engineering and design teaching began with the first engineering courses in 1945 and four-year engineering degrees from 1956, and the faculty now runs 20 undergraduate and 37 graduate programmes.工程与设计教育始于 1945 年的首批工程课程，1956 年起授四年制工程学位，该学院现有 20 个本科与 37 个研究生课程。

• The Faculty of Engineering and Design hosts one of Canada's first aerospace engineering programmes, divided into four streams covering aerodynamics, structures, electronics, and space systems design.工程与设计学院设有加拿大最早的航空航天工程专业之一，分为四个方向，涵盖空气动力、结构、电子与航天系统设计。

• Within that faculty the Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism offers architecture degrees, and the Bachelor of Information Technology programme is run jointly with the neighbouring Algonquin College.该学院下设阿兹雷利建筑与城市学院，授予建筑学位；其信息技术学士项目则与毗邻的亚岗昆学院合办。

• The Faculty of Public and Global Affairs, renamed from Public Affairs in 2024, comprises twelve academic units offering 12 undergraduate and 21 graduate programmes across government-related fields.2024 年由公共事务学院改称公共与全球事务学院，下设十二个学术单位，就政府相关领域提供 12 个本科与 21 个研究生课程。

• The Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, founded in 1965, runs Canada's oldest graduate programme in foreign affairs and is a founding member of the APSIA network.诺曼·帕特森国际事务学院创办于 1965 年，开设加拿大历史最久的外交研究生课程，并是国际事务专业学校协会网络的创始成员之一。

• The School of Public Policy and Administration is the oldest academic division of its kind in Canada, its first graduate degree having been granted as early as 1946.公共政策与行政学院是加拿大同类学术单位中历史最久者，其首个该学科研究生学位早于 1946 年即已授予。

• The Arthur Kroeger College of Public Affairs offers two distinctive honours degrees, the Bachelor of Public Affairs and Policy Management and the Bachelor of Global and International Studies.阿瑟·克罗格尔公共事务学院设两种特色荣誉学位，即公共事务与政策管理学士，以及全球与国际研究学士。

• In 2006 Carleton was designated a European Union Centre of Excellence by the European Commission, and it first offered an honours degree combining European, Russian, and Eurasian studies.2006 年卡尔顿获欧盟委员会授予欧洲联盟卓越中心称号，并率先开设融合欧洲、俄罗斯与欧亚研究的荣誉学位课程。

• The Faculty of Science offers 86 undergraduate and 39 graduate programmes across biology, chemistry, physics, nursing, mathematics, computer science, neuroscience, and earth sciences, serving more than 6,500 students.理学院在生物、化学、物理、护理、数学、计算机、神经科学与地球科学诸领域设 86 个本科与 39 个研究生课程，在读逾 6,500 人。

• The National Wildlife Research Centre, operated by Environment and Climate Change Canada, stands on campus and holds a bank of more than 12,000 specimens of wildlife native to the country.由加拿大环境与气候变化部运作的国家野生动物研究中心坐落于校园内，设有收藏逾 12,000 件本土野生动物标本的标本库。

• The Sprott School of Business, established as a faculty in 2006 after beginning as a commerce department in 1949, offers the Bachelor of Commerce and Canada's first Bachelor of International Business.斯普拉特商学院 2006 年升格为学院，其前身是 1949 年始设的商学系，开设工商管理学士与加拿大首个国际商务学士。

• Sprott is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business and won the Administrative Sciences Association of Canada's overall institution performance award seven times between 2004 and 2012.斯普拉特商学院获国际高等商学院协会认证，并在 2004 至 2012 年间七次摘得加拿大行政科学协会的机构综合表现奖。

Campus

• Carleton's campus occupies 150 acres west of Old Ottawa South, bounded by the Rideau Canal and Dow's Lake to the north and the Rideau River to the south.卡尔顿校园占地 150 英亩，位于老渥太华南区之西，北以里多运河与道斯湖为界，南以里多河为界。

• The campus has grown from the three original 1959 buildings to forty-nine structures, the newest being Rideau House, a residence completed in 2025 to meet rising demand for on-campus housing.校园已从 1959 年最初的三栋楼增至四十九座建筑，最新者是 2025 年竣工、用以满足校内住宿需求的里多楼。

• Campus buildings are joined by a five-kilometre system of underground pedestrian tunnels, the most extensive such network at any Canadian university, heavily used through Ottawa's cold winters.校园楼宇由一条长达 5 公里的地下步行隧道相连，为加拿大各高校中最庞大的隧道网络，在渥太华寒冬之际尤受频繁使用。

• Its early buildings are celebrated examples of modernist and brutalist campus design, a deliberate stylistic break from the Gothic tradition of older North American universities.该校早期建筑是现代主义与粗野主义校园设计的典范，刻意背离北美老派大学沿袭的哥特传统。

• The MacOdrum Library, named for a former president, holds about 1.2 million printed monographs, 2.7 million e-books, and more than 260,000 e-journals, and records some 1.6 million visits each year.麦克奥德伦图书馆以一位前任校长命名，约有 120 万册纸本专著、270 万种电子书与逾 26 万种电子期刊，年到访人次约达 160 万。

• Opened in 1992 inside the St. Patrick's Building, the Carleton University Art Gallery shows twentieth-century Canadian, European, and Indigenous art, and admission to it has always been free.卡尔顿大学美术馆 1992 年设于圣帕特里克楼内，展出二十世纪加拿大、欧洲及原住民艺术，一贯免费开放参观。

• In 2018 Carleton bought the Dominion-Chalmers United Church in Centretown, its first downtown Ottawa building, now a performance and cultural centre seating about a thousand.2018 年卡尔顿购入位于城中区的多明尼加-查尔默斯联合教堂，这是该校首座渥太华市中心建筑，今作可容约千人的演艺文化中心。

• Completed in 2021, the Nicol Building was designed by Hariri Pontarini Architects to give the Sprott School of Business about 115,000 square feet of collaborative space.尼科尔楼 2021 年落成，由哈利里与蓬塔里尼建筑事务所设计，为斯普拉特商学院提供约 11.5 万平方英尺的协作空间。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Carleton University is placed in the 801-850 band, the position on which this bilingual entry is written.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，卡尔顿大学列入第 801-850 档，本双语条目即据此档位撰写。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place Carleton in the 551-600 band, while the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities ranking lists it at 633 in the world.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将卡尔顿列入第 551-600 档，而 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名将其列为世界第 633 位。

• In the 2026 Shanghai Ranking Academic Ranking of World Universities, Carleton appears in the 501-600 band, the same range the table had recorded for it in the 2022 edition.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，卡尔顿列于第 501-600 档，与该榜 2022 年版为其记录的区间相同。

• As a subject-dimension result, Carleton ranked 101-150 in the world for politics and international studies in 2019, placing it among the top one percent of universities in that field.就学科维度而言，2019 年卡尔顿的政治与国际研究位列世界第 101-150 位，跻身该领域全球前百分之一。

• Norman Paterson School of International Affairs was the only Canadian school ranked in a 2009 world survey of professional international-affairs master's programmes, where it placed fourteenth.诺曼·帕特森国际事务学院曾在 2009 年一项全球国际事务专业硕士项目评选中名列第 14 位，是当年唯一入榜的加拿大院校。

• In Maclean's 2019 subject rankings Carleton was placed seventh for engineering, tenth for computer science, and tenth for mathematics among Canadian universities.据《麦克林》杂志 2019 年学科排名，卡尔顿在加拿大高校中名列工程学第 7、计算机科学第 10、数学第 10 位。

• A quantifiable measure of its research is the 111.5 million dollars in sponsored research funding Carleton reported in 2023-24, alongside a proposed operating budget of 525 million dollars that year.其科研产出可由数字衡量：2023-24 学年该校获资助科研经费 1.115 亿加元，同年编列运营预算 5.25 亿加元。

• Its library collections and 27 Canada Research Chairs, together with 14 IEEE Fellows, give further verifiable scale for a university holding a 353 million dollar endowment.该校馆藏规模与 27 名加拿大研究讲席教授、14 名电气电子工程师学会会士，连同 3.53 亿加元的捐赠基金，进一步印证其可核查的体量。

• Counting hard honours, the university counts three Nobel laureates among its affiliates and reports eight Killam Prize winners, seven Rhodes Scholars, two Pulitzer laureates, and two Academy Award winners.就硬荣誉计数而言，该校有三位诺贝尔奖得主为其关联人物，另计有 8 名 Killam 奖得主、7 名罗德学者、2 名普利策奖得主与 2 名奥斯卡奖得主。

• Some 85 Carleton researchers appeared on the 2024 Stanford-Elsevier list of the world's most-cited scholars, placing them among the top two percent worldwide in citation impact.约 85 位卡尔顿研究者入选 2024 年斯坦福-爱思唯尔全球高被引学者榜，其引用影响力位居世界前百分之二。

Student life

• Every undergraduate at Carleton is automatically a member of the Carleton University Students' Association, founded in 1942, which advocates to the administration and certifies student clubs.卡尔顿每位本科生自动成为卡尔顿大学学生会成员，该会创建于 1942 年，向校方代言并认证各类学生社团。

• Residence students also belong to the Rideau River Residence Association, founded in 1968 and incorporated in 1976, while graduate students join the Graduate Students' Association.住宿生同时隶属 1968 年创立、1976 年注册的里多河宿舍协会，研究生则加入研究生协会。

• The undergraduate newspaper The Charlatan, founded in 1945 and renamed from The Carleton in 1971, remains the campus paper of record for student news.本科生报纸《拉坦》创刊于 1945 年，1971 年由《卡尔顿》改名而来，至今仍是校园学生新闻的记录性刊物。

• CKCU-FM, which made its first broadcast in November 1975, was the first licensed community-based campus radio station in Canada, airing multicultural programming.电台 CKCU-FM 于 1975 年 11 月首次播音，是加拿大第一座持牌的社区校园广播电台，播出多元文化的节目。

• The Sock 'n' Buskin Theatre Company, founded in 1943 and run entirely by student volunteers, is among the oldest cultural groups on campus, staging full theatrical seasons.成立于 1943 年的「短袜与幕布」剧团完全由学生志愿运营，是校园最老的文化团体之一，每季排演整台戏剧。

• Athletics teams compete as the Carleton Ravens in U Sports and the Ontario University Athletics conference, taking part in some thirteen varsity sports.该校运动队以「卡尔顿乌鸦」之名参加大学体育与安大略省大学竞技联盟，共涉足约十三项校际运动。

• The Ravens' men's basketball team has captured eighteen W. P. McGee Trophy national championships, while Dave Smart, head coach from 1999 to 2019, built its reputation for sustained success.乌鸦队男子篮球队已第十八次夺得 W.P. 麦基杯全国冠军，1999 至 2019 年间担任主教练的戴夫·斯马特为其铸就连胜声誉。

• Each autumn the football rivalry with the Ottawa Gee-Gees culminates in the Panda Game, suspended in 1999 after the football programme was cut and revived in 2013.每年秋天，与渥太华大学 Gee-Gees 队的橄榄球宿怨都在熊猫之战达到高潮，该赛事 1999 年因橄榄球项目裁撤而停办，2013 年复办。

• Student government, the CUSA, is led by a six-person executive, including a president, elected each year by the undergraduate body to voice students' concerns.学生自治由学生会执掌，其领导层为六人执行团队，含一名主席，均由本科生每年投票选出，代学生发声。

Notable people

• Three Nobel laureates are associated with Carleton, among them Gerhard Herzberg, the pioneering physical chemist, and Peter Grünberg, whose work on giant magnetoresistance transformed data storage.三位诺贝尔奖得主与卡尔顿有关，其中包括开创性的物理化学家杰拉德·赫茨伯格，以及因巨磁阻研究而革新数据存储的彼得·格林贝格。

• Lester B. Pearson, the former Prime Minister of Canada who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, taught at the university and also served as one of its chancellors.曾获诺贝尔和平奖的加拿大前总理莱斯特·皮尔逊曾在此大学任教，并出任该校校监之一。

• Henry Marshall Tory, the founding figure behind the Ottawa Association that became Carleton College in 1942, is honoured in the naming of the Tory Building on campus.亨利·马歇尔·托里是促成渥太华促进学习协会、并使其于 1942 年变为卡尔顿学院的关键创始人，校内以托里楼为其命名。

• Harry Stevenson Southam, the Ottawa business magnate who donated much of the land that became the campus, was joined in the site's early history by the provincial treasurer Dana Porter.渥太华实业家哈里·斯蒂文森·萨瑟姆捐赠了校园所在的许多土地，与该校址早期史上的安大略省财政厅长达纳·波特同为奠基人物。

• Roseann Runte became Carleton's first female president and vice chancellor in 2008 and served until 2017, when she left to lead the Canada Foundation for Innovation.罗珊·伦特于 2008 年成为卡尔顿首位女校长兼副校长，任职至 2017 年，随后离任去执掌加拿大创新基金会。

• Paul Watson, an alumnus, is a Pulitzer Prize-winning photojournalist, and Greg Ip, also from Carleton, serves as chief economics commentator for the Wall Street Journal.校友保罗·沃森是普利策奖摄影记者，同为卡尔顿出身的格雷格·伊普则出任《华尔街日报》首席经济评论员。

• Alumni in public life include a former Prime Minister's kin and office-holders such as Deputy Prime Minister John Manley, Defence Minister Peter MacKay, and Speaker of the House Greg Fergus.投身公共生活的校友包括曾任副总理的约翰·曼利、国防部长彼得·麦凯，以及众议院议长格雷格·弗格斯等政界人物。

• In entertainment, Dan Aykroyd, though he did not graduate, received an honorary doctorate in 1994, while journalist Peter Jennings was likewise honoured with an honorary degree.演艺界方面，丹·艾克罗伊德虽未毕业，却于 1994 年获授荣誉博士学位；记者彼得·詹宁斯同样获颁荣誉学位。

• Architect Paul Denham Austerberry won an Academy Award and a BAFTA for best production design on the film The Shape of Water, and real-estate magnate David Azrieli endowed the Azrieli Pavilion.建筑师保罗·德纳姆·奥斯特伯里凭电影《水形物语》获奥斯卡与英国电影学院奖最佳艺术指导；地产大亨大卫·阿兹雷利捐建了阿兹雷利馆。

• Media figures include Shane Smith, chairman of Vice Media and co-founder with alumnus Gavin McInnes, and Trina McQueen, the founding president of the Discovery Channel.传媒界人物包括 Vice 媒体公司董事长、与校友加文·麦金尼斯共同创办该公司的肖恩·史密斯，以及探索频道创始总裁特丽娜·麦奎恩。