Cairo University

Cairo University is a public university in Giza, Egypt, founded on 21 December 1908 and, after Al Azhar University, the second oldest institution of higher education in the country, enrolling approximately 155,000 students in 20 faculties and 3 institutions.开罗大学是位于埃及吉萨的公立大学，创办于 1908 年 12 月 21 日，是埃及仅次于爱资哈尔大学的第二古老高等学府，现有约 155,000 名学生，分布于 20 个学院与 3 个机构。

The institution was known as the Egyptian University from 1908 to 1940 and as King Fuad I University from 1940 to 1952, and it took its present name, Cairo University, by decree after the 1952 Egyptian revolution, with its main campus in Giza standing immediately across the Nile from Cairo.该校 1908 年至 1940 年名埃及大学，1940 年至 1952 年名福阿德一世大学，1952 年埃及革命后由法令定名为开罗大学；其主校区位于吉萨，与开罗隔尼罗河相望。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed 363rd, it stands in the 801-1000 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, it is 221st in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities, and it falls in the 401-500 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, while OpenAlex credits it with 131,984 research works and three Nobel laureates count among its graduates.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 363，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中处于 801 至 1000 名区间，在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 221，在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中处于 401 至 500 名区间；OpenAlex 统计其研究成果达 131,984 项，其毕业生中有三位诺贝尔奖得主。

History

• One of the university's constituent colleges, the College of Engineering, had been established as early as 1816 and was shut down by the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan, Sa'id Pasha, in 1854.该校组成学院之一的工程学院早在 1816 年即已设立，后于 1854 年被埃及与苏丹总督赛义德帕夏下令关闭。

• Several professional schools founded under Muhammad Ali Pasha preceded the university, including the School of Irrigation and Construction in 1866, the School of Agriculture in 1867, the School of Management and Languages in 1868, the School of Antiquities in 1869 and Dar al-Ulum in 1872.在开罗大学之前，穆罕默德·阿里帕夏治下已建有多所专业学校，包括 1866 年的灌溉与建筑学校、1867 年的农业学校、1868 年的管理与语言学校、1869 年的文物学校，以及 1872 年的传统学院。

• The Armenian bureaucrat Yaqub Artin made the first known published reference to establishing an Egyptian university in 1894, suggesting that the existing higher professional schools could well form the basis of a university.亚美尼亚官员雅各布·阿尔廷于 1894 年首次公开提出建立埃及大学的设想，认为已有的高等专业学校完全可以作为一所大学的基础。

• In 1900 the Syrian journalist Jurji Zaydan called in his magazine Al-Hilal for an Egyptian college school, citing the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh and the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut as alternative models.1900 年，叙利亚记者乔治·宰丹在其《新月》杂志上呼吁创办一所埃及高等学院，并以印度阿利加尔的天使—东方学院与贝鲁特的叙利亚新教学院作为两种可选范本。

• Wealthy Egyptians began pledging funds as early as 1905, with Princess Fatma Ismail donating land in the early 1900s as part of a fundraising campaign for the country's first formal university.埃及富户自 1905 年起即开始认捐，法特玛·伊斯梅尔公主在 20 世纪初捐出土地，作为推动本国首所正规大学筹款活动的一部分。

• In September 1906 Mustafa Kamil al-Ghamrawi pledged 500 Egyptian pounds, and Saad Zaghlul and Qasim Amin convened a meeting at which all but three of the twenty-four prominent Egyptians present pledged at least 100 Egyptian pounds.1906 年 9 月，穆斯塔法·卡米勒·加姆拉维认捐 500 埃及镑；萨阿德·扎格卢勒与卡西姆·艾敏召集会议，与会二十四位知名人士中除三人外均认捐至少 100 埃及镑。

• The British representative Lord Cromer, who opposed creating a higher education institution for fear it would foment unrest, retired in 1907, and only under his successor Sir Eldon Gorst was the Egyptian University finally established.英国驻埃及代表克罗默勋爵因担心高等教育机构会煽动动乱而反对建校，他于 1907 年去职，直到继任者埃尔登·戈斯特爵士任内，埃及大学才最终得以建立。

• The Egyptian University was opened on 21 December 1908 in the hall of the Shura Council of Laws, with Prince Ahmad Fu'ad I as its rector and with private citizens funding the institution under royal patronage.埃及大学于 1908 年 12 月 21 日在宪法协商议会礼堂正式开办，由艾哈迈德·福阿德亲王出任校长，经费由民间人士在王室庇护下筹集。

• At its founding in 1908 the university included a women's section, but it was closed in 1912, and women were first readmitted to the arts faculty only in 1928.该校 1908 年创办时设有女子部，但女子部于 1912 年被关闭，直至 1928 年女性才重新获准进入文学院学习。

• In its early years the institution had no campus and advertised its lectures in the press, holding them in various palaces and conference halls, and it remained on an insecure financial footing for years, nearly collapsing during the First World War.建校初期该校并无校园，只在报刊上刊登讲座通告，并借用各处宫殿与会堂授课；其财政多年不稳，第一次世界大战期间几近崩溃。

• Lacking Egyptians with doctoral degrees, the university filled many professorial posts until the 1930s with European Orientalists, first the Italians Carlo Nallino, David Santillana and Ignazio Guidi, and later the French scholars Gaston Wiet and Louis Massignon.由于当时没有具备博士学位的埃及人，该校至 1930 年代一直以欧洲东方学家填补许多教席，先是意大利人卡洛·纳利诺、大卫·桑蒂利亚纳与伊尼亚齐奥·圭迪，其后是法国学者加斯东·维耶与路易·马西尼翁。

• A decree of 11 March 1925 re-founded the university as a state institution, bringing together the 1908 liberal arts college with the schools of law and medicine and adding a new faculty of science.1925 年 3 月 11 日的法令将该校重新改组为国立大学，把 1908 年的文学院与法学院、医学院合并，并增设理学院。

• Ahmed Lutfi al-Sayyid, a leading intellectual, became the first president of the state university and served from 1925 until 1941.著名思想家艾哈迈德·卢特菲·赛义德出任该校首任校长，自 1925 年任职至 1941 年。

• In 1928 the first group of female students enrolled at the university, four years after the earlier women's section had been closed.1928 年，首批女学生进入该校就读，此时距此前的女子部被关闭已有四年。

• After being housed in various parts of Cairo, the faculties were established on the current Giza campus in October 1929, beginning with the Faculty of Arts.在辗转设于开罗多处之后，该校各学院于 1929 年 10 月在现今的吉萨校区落成，其中以文学院为先。

• Under a royal decree of 22 May 1935 the schools of engineering, agriculture, higher commerce and veterinary medicine were merged into the Egyptian University as faculties.依 1935 年 5 月 22 日的王室法令，工程、农业、高等商业与兽医等学校并入埃及大学，成为其学院。

• By decree of 23 May 1940 the university was renamed King Fuad I University in honour of its founding patron, four years after his death.依 1940 年 5 月 23 日的法令，该校在其创办庇护人福阿德一世逝世四年后，被更名为福阿德一世大学以示纪念。

• After the 1952 Egyptian revolution the university was renamed once more, and a decree of 28 September 1953 gave it the name Cairo University, which it has borne ever since.1952 年埃及革命后，该校再度更名；1953 年 9 月 28 日的法令将其定名为开罗大学，此名沿用至今。

• After the Egyptian University was established in 1908, virtually every institution of higher education then existing in Egypt except Al Azhar, including Kasr Al-Ainy Medical School, Muhandess Khana Engineering School, Dar al-Ulum and other schools founded by Muhammad Ali Pasha, became part of it as faculties.1908 年埃及大学成立后，当时埃及除爱资哈尔以外的几乎所有高等学府，包括卡瑟尔·艾尼医学院、穆罕迪斯·哈纳工程学院、传统学院及穆罕默德·阿里帕夏创办的其他学校，都作为学院并入其中。

• The Medical School, known as Kasr Al-Ainy, was one of the first medical schools in Africa and the Middle East, and its first building was donated by Alaini Pasha before the school underwent extensive later expansion.该校医学院俗称卡瑟尔·艾尼，是非洲与中东最早的医学院之一，其首座建筑由阿莱尼帕夏捐赠，此后学院又经历了大规模扩建。

• The Faculty of Computers and Information was established in 1996, extending the university into computing and information technology.计算机与信息学院于 1996 年成立，使该校的学科版图扩展到计算与信息技术领域。

• On 27 January 2020 Egypt's High Administrative Court approved Cairo University's decision to ban its professors from wearing the niqab or face veil, a measure the university had first introduced in 2015.2020 年 1 月 27 日，埃及最高行政法院核准开罗大学禁止其教授佩戴尼卡布面纱的决定，该措施最初于 2015 年由校方推行。

Academics

• Cairo University is organised into 20 faculties and 3 institutions and enrols approximately 155,000 students, making it one of the largest institutions of higher education in the world by enrolment.开罗大学设有 20 个学院与 3 个机构，在校生约 155,000 名，按学生规模位居全球最大的高等学府之列。

• Its faculties include Arts, Law, Medicine, Engineering, Science, Agriculture, Commerce, Veterinary Medicine, Pharmacy, Dar al-Ulum and Computers and Information, covering the humanities, the sciences, engineering and the health professions.其学院涵盖文学、法学、医学、工程、理学、农学、商学、兽医学、药学、传统学院与计算机与信息等，遍及人文学科、理学、工程与卫生专业。

• The Medical School, Kasr Al-Ainy, developed into a major teaching and hospital complex, and the university's affiliated National Cancer Institute and teaching hospitals support clinical training and research.卡瑟尔·艾尼医学院发展为大型教学与医院联合体，该校附属的国家癌症研究所与多家教学医院共同支撑临床教学与研究。

• The Faculty of Engineering began implementing a credit hour system in 2006 with programmes in construction engineering, computer and telecommunications engineering, adding mechanical design engineering, architecture engineering, construction technology and petrochemical engineering in 2007.工程学院自 2006 年起实行学分制，开设建筑工程、计算机与通信工程等专业，并于 2007 年增设机械设计工程、建筑工程、建筑技术与石化工程等专业。

• In 2008 the engineering faculty introduced a further programme in construction engineering, and in 2009 it added a water and environmental engineering programme.2008 年，工程学院又新设建筑工程专业，2009 年再增设水利与环境工程专业。

• The School of Law traces its line to the School of Management and Languages established in 1868, which became the School of Law in 1886 and later joined the university as a faculty.法学院的前身是 1868 年设立的管理与语言学校，该校于 1886 年改为法学院，后来作为学院并入开罗大学。

• Dar al-Ulum, founded in 1872, and the Schools of Agriculture and Antiquities, founded in 1867 and 1869, were among the older professional schools that became faculties of the new university.1872 年创立的传统学院，以及分别创办于 1867 年与 1869 年的农业学校与文物学校，都属于后来成为新大学各学院的较早专业学校。

• The School of Engineering had its origins in the School of Irrigation and Construction established in 1866, which supplied engineers to the Egyptian state before becoming a university faculty.工程学院可溯源于 1866 年设立的灌溉与建筑学校，该校在成为大学学院之前，曾为埃及国家培养工程师。

• The Faculty of Arts was the first faculty to move to the Giza campus in 1929, and it has long been regarded as the intellectual heart of the university.文学院是 1929 年首个迁入吉萨校区的学院，长期以来被视为该校的思想核心。

• Cairo University Library holds one of the largest academic collections in Egypt and serves the university's faculties on the Giza campus.开罗大学图书馆馆藏为埃及最大的学术藏书之一，服务于吉萨校区各学院。

• Three Nobel laureates are counted among the university's graduates, namely the writer Naguib Mahfouz, the Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and the diplomat Mohamed ElBaradei.该校毕业生中共有三位诺贝尔奖得主，分别是作家纳吉布·马哈福兹、巴勒斯坦领导人亚西尔·阿拉法特与外交家穆罕默德·巴拉迪。

• With about 155,000 students the university ranks among the fifty largest institutions of higher education in the world by enrolment.凭借约 155,000 名在校生，该校位居全球在校生规模最大的五十所高等学府之列。

• A 1988 report by Mary H. Shann and Joseph M. Cronin documented the collaboration between Cairo University and Boston University in counterpart training for Egypt's Third Education Project.玛丽·香恩与约瑟夫·克罗宁 1988 年的一份报告，记录了开罗大学与波士顿大学为埃及第三个教育项目开展对口培训的合作。

• The historian Donald Malcolm Reid published Cairo University and the Making of Modern Egypt with Cambridge University Press in 1990, a standard account of the institution's development.历史学家唐纳德·马尔科姆·里德于 1990 年由剑桥大学出版社出版《开罗大学与现代埃及的形成》，是该校发展史的标准著述。

• Ahmed Lutfi al-Sayyid, the university's first president, led it from 1925 to 1941 and shaped its early academic direction.该校首任校长艾哈迈德·卢特菲·赛义德自 1925 年至 1941 年执掌校务，奠定了其早期学术方向。

• Under a royal decree of 1935 the engineering, agriculture, higher commerce and veterinary schools were absorbed as faculties, broadening the university into applied and professional fields.依 1935 年王室法令，工程、农业、高等商业与兽医等学校被并入为学院，使该校扩展到应用与专业领域。

Campus

• The main campus of Cairo University lies in Giza on the west bank of the Nile, immediately across the river from central Cairo.开罗大学主校区位于尼罗河西岸的吉萨，与开罗市中心隔河相望。

• Its faculties, beginning with the Faculty of Arts, were established on the current Giza campus in October 1929 after the university had been housed in various parts of Cairo.在辗转设于开罗多处之后，该校各学院自文学院起于 1929 年 10 月在现今的吉萨校区落成。

• Before it had a campus the university advertised its lectures in the press and held them in palaces and conference halls, and a grand opening ceremony marked its launch in 1908.在拥有校园之前，该校在报刊上刊登讲座通告，并借用宫殿与会堂授课，1908 年的一场盛大开办典礼标志着其诞生。

• The Kasr Al-Ainy teaching hospital complex, whose first building was donated by Alaini Pasha, stands as part of the university's Giza estate and anchors its medical teaching.首座建筑由阿莱尼帕夏捐赠的卡瑟尔·艾尼教学医院建筑群，构成该校吉萨校区的一部分，是其医学教学的支柱。

• The Faculty of Engineering, historically known as Muhandess Khana, is based at Giza, while the Faculty of Medicine forms part of the Kasr Al-Ainy medical complex on the same campus.历史上称为穆罕迪斯·哈纳的工程学院设在吉萨，医学院则属于同一校区内的卡瑟尔·艾尼医学建筑群。

• The Faculty of Medicine is centred on the Kasr Al-Ainy site, where the donated first building of the medical school has been expanded over the years to serve growing student numbers.医学院以卡瑟尔·艾尼院址为中心，当年捐赠的医学院首座建筑历经历年扩建，以适应不断增长的学生规模。

• Cairo University Library is situated on the Giza campus and serves the surrounding faculties with research collections, reading rooms and study spaces.开罗大学图书馆坐落于吉萨校区，以研究馆藏、阅览室与自习空间服务于周边各学院。

• The campus faces central Cairo across the Nile, so students reach the institutions, ministries and media of the capital by the river bridges and the city transport network.该校区与开罗市中心隔尼罗河相对，学生可经跨河桥梁与城市交通网络抵达首都的机构、部委与媒体。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Cairo University is placed 363rd, making it the leading university in Egypt.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，开罗大学位列第 363，是埃及排名最靠前的大学。

• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it stands in the 801-1000 band, and in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities it is placed 221st.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校处于 801 至 1000 名区间；在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 221。

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities Cairo University falls in the 401-500 band, and in the 2020 edition of the same ranking it was placed first in Egypt.在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，开罗大学处于 401 至 500 名区间；在该排名 2020 年版中，它位居埃及第一。

• In the QS ranking of 2021 the university was rated 2nd in Egypt and 6th across Africa, and it was placed in the 561-570 band worldwide.在 2021 年 QS 排名中，该校位列埃及第 2、非洲第 6，全球则处于 561 至 570 名区间。

• According to the Center for World University Rankings for 2020-21, Cairo University was ranked 1st in Egypt and 558th in the world.据世界大学排名中心 2020 至 2021 年度榜单，开罗大学位列埃及第 1、全球第 558。

• The university is usually ranked among the best in Egypt and among the top universities in Africa, a position supported by its long history and its scale.该校常被评为埃及最佳大学之一，并跻身非洲顶尖高校之列，这一地位得益于其悠久历史与办学规模。

• Three Nobel laureates, in literature and in peace, count among its graduates, giving it one of the strongest records of any university in the Arab world.其毕业生中有三位文学与和平领域的诺贝尔奖得主，使其在阿拉伯世界各大学中的获奖纪录位居前列。

• OpenAlex credits Cairo University with 131,984 research works, reflecting the productivity of a faculty spanning medicine, engineering, science and the humanities.OpenAlex 统计开罗大学研究成果达 131,984 项，体现出其横跨医学、工程、理学与人文学科的师资产出能力。

• With about 155,000 students the university is one of the fifty largest higher education institutions in the world by enrolment, a scale that underpins its national standing.凭借约 155,000 名学生，该校是全球在校生规模最大的五十所高校之一，这一体量支撑起其全国性地位。

Student life

• King Farouk laid the foundation stone of the university's Student City on 12 February 1949, and the residence and playing fields occupy 46 feddans of university land on Tharwat Street in Giza.国王法鲁克于 1949 年 2 月 12 日为该校学生城奠基，该宿舍与运动场共占用吉萨萨瓦特街一带 46 费丹的校园土地。

• The institution's women's section, opened with the university in 1908, was closed in 1912, and women were readmitted to the arts faculty in 1928, from which coeducation gradually extended across the faculties.该校 1908 年随建校设立的女子部于 1912 年被关闭，1928 年女性重新获准进入文学院，男女同校自此逐步扩展到各学院。

• In 2015 the university introduced a ban on professors wearing the niqab or face veil, and on 27 January 2020 Egypt's High Administrative Court approved the decision, settling a long-running campus dispute.2015 年该校推行禁止教授佩戴尼卡布面纱的规定，2020 年 1 月 27 日埃及最高行政法院予以核准，了结了这场持续多年的校园争议。

• Students of the university undertake clinical training at the Kasr Al-Ainy teaching hospital, one of the oldest and largest hospital complexes in the Middle East.该校学生在卡瑟尔·艾尼教学医院接受临床训练，该医院是中东历史最悠久、规模最大的医院建筑群之一。

• With about 155,000 students drawn from across Egypt and the wider Arab world, campus life at Giza reflects the university's role as a national institution.该校约 155,000 名学生来自埃及各地与更广阔的阿拉伯世界，吉萨校园的生活面貌正体现出它作为全国性学府的角色。

• The Nile-side campus in Giza places students within easy reach of central Cairo, its museums, theatres and media, as well as of the river itself.位于吉萨、紧邻尼罗河的校区让学生易于抵达开罗市中心的博物馆、剧院与媒体机构，也可亲近尼罗河。

• The university has long taught in Arabic and served as a model for later state universities across the Arab world, shaping the academic culture of the region.该校长期以阿拉伯语授课，并成为阿拉伯世界后续国立大学的范本，塑造了该地区的学术文化。

Notable people

• Prince Ahmad Fu'ad, later King Fuad I, served as rector at the university's foundation in 1908 and remained its royal patron during its re-founding as a state institution in 1925.艾哈迈德·福阿德亲王即后来的福阿德一世国王，在 1908 年建校时出任校长，并在 1925 年该校改组为国立大学期间继续担任庇护人。

• Ahmed Lutfi al-Sayyid, a leading liberal intellectual, was the university's first president, serving from 1925 to 1941 and setting its early academic course.著名自由主义思想家艾哈迈德·卢特菲·赛义德是该大学首任校长，自 1925 年至 1941 年任职并奠定其早期学术方向。

• The campaign to found the university was driven by figures such as Mustafa Kamil, the disciples of Muhammad Abduh including Qasim Amin, and Saad Zaghlul, who served on the founding committee.推动建校的人物包括穆斯塔法·卡米勒、穆罕默德·阿卜杜胡的弟子卡西姆·艾敏，以及出任筹委会委员的萨阿德·扎格卢勒。

• Naguib Mahfouz, who graduated from the university, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1988 and is the best known modern Egyptian novelist.毕业于该校的纳吉布·马哈福兹于 1988 年获诺贝尔文学奖，是最负盛名的现代埃及小说家。

• Yasser Arafat, a graduate, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994, and Mohamed ElBaradei, also an alumnus, received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 as head of the International Atomic Energy Agency.该校毕业生亚西尔·阿拉法特于 1994 年获诺贝尔和平奖，同为校友的穆罕默德·巴拉迪则于 2005 年以国际原子能机构总干事身份获诺贝尔和平奖。

• Boutros Boutros-Ghali, a graduate, served as the sixth Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1992 to 1996.该校毕业生布特罗斯·布特罗斯—加利自 1992 年至 1996 年任第六任联合国秘书长。

• Mohamed Morsi, who studied at the university and later taught there, became President of Egypt, and Adly Mansour, another alumnus, served as Interim President of Egypt and Chief Justice of the Supreme Constitutional Court.曾在该校求学并任教的穆罕默德·穆尔西后成为埃及总统，同为校友的阿德利·曼苏尔则出任埃及临时总统与最高宪法法院首席大法官。

• Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq, was among those who studied at Cairo University.伊拉克前总统萨达姆·侯赛因也是曾在开罗大学求学的人士之一。

• Yuriko Koike, a graduate, became Japan's Minister of Defence and the first female governor of Tokyo, and Amr Moussa, another alumnus, was Secretary-General of the Arab League from 2001 to 2011.该校毕业生小池百合子曾任日本防卫大臣，并成为东京都首位女性知事；同为校友的阿姆鲁·穆萨则于 2001 年至 2011 年任阿拉伯国家联盟秘书长。

• Mohamed Atalla, a graduate, invented the MOSFET and pioneered silicon semiconductors and security systems, and Taher Elgamal, also an alumnus, designed the ElGamal encryption system and is known as a father of SSL.该校毕业生穆罕默德·阿塔拉发明了金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管，是硅半导体与安全系统的先驱；同为校友的塔赫尔·埃尔加马尔设计了埃尔加马尔加密系统，被誉为 SSL 之父。

• Omar Sharif, a graduate, was an actor nominated for an Academy Award and winner of three Golden Globe Awards, and Magdi Yacoub, another alumnus, became a professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Imperial College London.该校毕业生奥马尔·谢里夫是获奥斯卡奖提名并三度夺得金球奖的演员；同为校友的马格迪·雅各布则成为伦敦帝国理工学院的心胸外科教授。

• Wael Ghonim, a graduate, became a prominent activist of the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, and Mona Zulficar, also an alumna, is a leading attorney and human rights advocate.该校毕业生瓦埃勒·戈尼姆成为 2011 年埃及革命的知名活动人士，同为校友的莫娜·祖勒菲卡尔则是著名律师与人权倡导者。