Birkbeck, University of London

Birkbeck, University of London is a public research university in Bloomsbury, central London, and a constituent college of the University of London that specialises in evening teaching for mature and part-time students, holding most of its classes after working hours and drawing students who combine study with employment.伦敦大学伯贝克学院（Birkbeck）是位于伦敦市中心布卢姆斯伯里的一所公立研究型大学，为伦敦大学的下属学院之一，专为成年与兼读学生提供晚间教学，其大部分课程在工时之外进行，学生多边工作边求学。

It was founded in 1823 as the London Mechanics' Institution, offering scientific and literary education at low cost to working Londoners who could not afford to study by day.它创办于 1823 年，初名伦敦机械学院，以低廉费用为无力在白天求学的伦敦劳动者提供科学与文学教育。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed 354th, the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking places it in the 326-350 band, the 2026-2027 U.S. News global ranking places it 912th and the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities puts it in the 801-900 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中它位列第 354，2027 年泰晤士高等教育排名将其列入 326 至 350 区间，2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球排名位列第 912，2026 年世界大学学术排名将其列入 801 至 900 区间。

History

• The London Mechanics' Institution was founded at a meeting on 11 November 1823 at the Crown and Anchor Tavern in London, attended by about two thousand supporters of popular education, and it followed the model of the mechanics' institutes that had begun in Glasgow.伦敦机械学院于 1823 年 11 月 11 日在伦敦的皇冠与铁锚酒馆召开的一次会议上创立，约有二千名支持大众教育的民众出席，它沿用了始于格拉斯哥的机械学院模式。

• Its founders included the physician George Birkbeck, the philosopher Jeremy Bentham, the politician John Cam Hobhouse and the reformer Henry Brougham, a group drawn from science and radical politics. Brougham later became Lord Chancellor, and Bentham's utilitarian ideas shaped the institution's practical curriculum.其创办者包括医生乔治·伯贝克、哲学家杰里米·边沁、政治家约翰·卡姆·霍布豪斯与改革家亨利·布鲁厄姆，这些人来自科学与激进政治两界，布鲁厄姆后来出任大法官，而边沁的功利主义思想塑造了学院的实用课程。

• In 1825 the institution moved to Southampton Buildings in Chancery Lane, expanding its lecture programme for working people and its lending library, and giving the institution a settled base for its classes.1825 年，学院迁往河岸街的南安普顿大楼，为劳动者扩充了讲座课程并设立了外借图书馆，也让学院的教学有了固定的场所。

• In 1830 the institution admitted female students, making it one of the earliest in Britain to teach men and women together in the same classes.1830 年，学院开始招收女学生，成为英国最早在同一课堂上实行男女同学教学的院校之一。

• From 1858 its students could sit the examinations of the University of London, giving working people access to formal degrees for the first time.自 1858 年起，其学生可以参加伦敦大学的考试，使劳动者首次获得取得正式学位的途径。

• In 1866 the institution was renamed the Birkbeck Literary and Scientific Institution, reflecting a curriculum that ranged well beyond engineering and mechanics.1866 年，学院更名为伯贝克文学与科学学院，反映其课程已远远超出工程与机械的范围。

• In 1885 it moved to the Breams Building in Fetter Lane, where it remained for sixty-seven years and built its evening teaching tradition.1885 年，学院迁至费特巷的布里姆斯大楼，在那里办学长达六十七年，并奠定其晚间教学的传统。

• In 1907 the name was shortened to Birkbeck College, the form by which it was known for most of the twentieth century.1907 年，校名简化为伯贝克学院，此后整个二十世纪大部分时间它都以此名行世。

• In 1920 Birkbeck became a constituent college of the University of London, joining the federal university's academic structure.1920 年，伯贝克成为伦敦大学的下属学院，加入这所联邦制大学的学术体系。

• In 1921 Dame Helen Gwynne-Vaughan was appointed to a chair, becoming one of the first women to hold a professorship in Britain.1921 年，海伦·格温-沃恩女爵士获聘讲座教授，成为英国最早担任教授的妇女之一。

• In 1926 the college received a royal charter, confirming its independent academic standing within the federal University of London and giving it a formal constitution.1926 年，学院获得皇家特许状，确认其在联邦制伦敦大学中的独立学术地位，并赋予其正式章程。

• During the Second World War Birkbeck was the only central University of London college that remained in London, teaching its evening classes through the Blitz.第二次世界大战期间，伯贝克是唯一留在伦敦的伦敦大学核心学院，在轰炸中仍坚持晚间授课。

• In 1941 the college library was destroyed during the Blitz, and it was rebuilt after the war with gifts and donations from supporters.1941 年，学院图书馆在伦敦大轰炸中被毁，战后依靠支持者的馈赠与捐款得以重建。

• In 1952 the college moved to its present site on Malet Street in Bloomsbury, close to the University of London's other colleges and to the British Museum, and it allowed the college to bring its departments together on one site.1952 年，学院迁至布卢姆斯伯里马莱特街的现址，靠近伦敦大学其他学院以及大英博物馆，这座专门建造的大楼使学院得以把各系集中到一处。

• In 2002 the college rebranded itself as Birkbeck, University of London, dropping the older form Birkbeck College in its public identity.2002 年，学院重塑品牌为伦敦大学伯贝克学院，在对外形象中弃用伯贝克学院这一旧称。

• In 2003 the Princess Royal reopened the refurbished Malet Street building, whose facilities had been modernised for evening study.2003 年，安妮长公主为翻新后的马莱特街大楼重新揭幕，其设施已为晚间学习而现代化。

• In 2004 the college established the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, which became one of its best-known intellectual centres.2004 年，学院成立伯贝克人文研究所，它后来成为学院最知名的思想中心之一。

• In 2005 the college's Centre for Brain Function and Development won the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education.2005 年，学院的大脑功能与发育中心获得高等教育女王周年奖。

• In 2006 the college received five million pounds from the higher education funding council and launched Birkbeck Stratford in east London, a venture intended to widen access to higher education in that part of the city.2006 年，学院获得高等教育拨款委员会五百万英镑拨款，并在伦敦东部开办伯贝克斯特拉特福校区，该项目意在扩大伦敦东部的高等教育入学机会。

• In 2010 the college became the home of the Pears Institute for the Study of Antisemitism, a research centre founded with the Pears Foundation to examine the history and contemporary forms of antisemitism.2010 年，学院成为皮尔斯反犹主义研究所的所在地，该研究中心由皮尔斯基金会资助成立，考察反犹主义的历史与当代形态。

• In 2012 Birkbeck gained its own degree-awarding powers, having previously awarded degrees through the University of London.2012 年，伯贝克获得自行授予学位的权力，此前它通过伦敦大学颁发学位。

• In 2013 the Stratford campus opened, and in 2021 that site was transferred to the University of East London, ending the college's expansion eastward.2013 年斯特拉特福校区启用，2021 年该校区移交东伦敦大学，学院向东扩张就此结束。

• In 2022 the college carried out a restructuring of its academic departments amid a dispute with its branch of the University and College Union.2022 年，学院在与大学与学院工会分会的争议中对其教学系部进行了重组。

• In 2023 Birkbeck reorganised itself into three faculties and nine schools, and it marked its bicentenary with a history published by Oxford University Press.2023 年，伯贝克重组为三个学部下辖九所学院，并借牛津大学出版社出版的校史纪念建校两百周年。

Academics

• Birkbeck specialises in evening teaching, with most classes held between six and nine in the evening so that students can work or care for families during the day, a model that is rare among British universities.伯贝克以晚间教学为特色，大部分课程在傍晚六点至九点之间进行，以便学生白天工作或照顾家庭，这种模式在英国大学中十分罕见。

• It offers more than two hundred programmes, spanning arts, social sciences, law, business, computing and the natural sciences.它开设两百多个课程项目，涵盖人文学科、社会科学、法律、商科、计算机与自然科学。

• Five Nobel laureates are counted among Birkbeck's alumni and staff, a record built on its long tradition of research in the sciences.伯贝克的校友与教师中有五位诺贝尔奖得主，这一纪录建立在其悠久的科学研究传统之上。

• Since gaining degree-awarding powers in 2012 the college has awarded its own taught and research degrees, while remaining part of the University of London.自 2012 年获得学位授予权以来，学院自行颁发授课型与研究型学位，同时仍隶属伦敦大学。

• The Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, established in 2004, hosted the philosopher Slavoj Žižek as international director until 2025 and is directed by Costas Douzinas.2004 年成立的伯贝克人文研究所曾由哲学家斯拉沃热·齐泽克担任国际所长至 2025 年，现任所长为科斯塔斯·杜齐纳斯。

• The London Knowledge Lab was founded in 2004 with the Institute of Education to study digital technologies, data and learning.伦敦知识实验室于 2004 年与教育学院共同成立，研究数字技术、数据与学习。

• The college is associated with the London Consortium, an interdisciplinary graduate programme developed from the mid-1990s with cultural institutions such as Tate and the British Film Institute, drawing on the college's humanities staff and on the resources of London's museums and galleries.学院与伦敦联合会相关，这是一个自 1990 年代中期起与泰特美术馆、英国电影协会等文化机构合作发展的跨学科研究生项目，借助学院的人文学科师资以及伦敦各博物馆与美术馆的资源。

• The Centre for Brain Function and Development, whose work won the Queen's Anniversary Prize in 2005, studies how the brain develops and how it controls behaviour.大脑功能与发育中心的研究于 2005 年赢得女王周年奖，该中心研究大脑如何发育以及如何调控行为。

• Teaching is organised into departments covering English, history, politics, law, economics, psychology, biological sciences, earth and planetary sciences and computer science. Many departments offer both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees and supervise doctoral research.教学按系组织，涵盖英语、历史、政治、法律、经济、心理学、生物科学、地球与行星科学以及计算机科学，许多系同时开设本科与研究生学位并指导博士研究。

• David Latchman served as Master of Birkbeck from 2003, leading the college through a period of expansion and its acquisition of degree-awarding powers.戴维·拉奇曼自 2003 年起担任伯贝克院长，带领学院走过一段扩张期并取得学位授予权。

• The head of the college holds the title of Master, reflecting the institution's historical character rather than the usual title of vice-chancellor.学院首长的头衔是院长，这一称谓反映其历史传统，而非通常的校长头衔。

• In the 1950s Kathleen Booth, working at Birkbeck, wrote one of the first assembly languages, an early landmark in the history of computing.1950 年代，任职于伯贝克的凯瑟琳·布思编写了最早的汇编语言之一，是计算史上的早期里程碑。

• The college collaborates with University College London and other Bloomsbury institutions on shared teaching and research, an arrangement eased by its central London location.学院与伦敦大学学院等布卢姆斯伯里院校在教学与研究上合作，其地处伦敦市中心的区位便利了这种安排。

• Teaching is delivered by academics who also supervise research students, and the college emphasises small seminar groups suited to its mature student body.教学由同时指导研究生的学者承担，学院强调适合其成年学生群体的小型研讨班。

• Research strengths include cosmology, particle physics, earth sciences, psychology and English literature, with staff active in national and international projects.其研究强项包括宇宙学、粒子物理、地球科学、心理学与英语文学，教师活跃于国内外研究项目之中。

• Study is offered on both part-time and full-time bases, and the college is unusual in Britain for making evening attendance central to its academic model.学习兼有兼读与全日制两种方式，学院在英国较为特殊之处在于把晚间上课置于其教学模式的核心。

• A careers and enterprise service works with students to connect their studies with their ambitions, a service emphasised by the college and by external rankings.职业与企业服务帮助学生把所学与个人志向相连接，这一服务被学院与外部排名所强调。

• Research at the college has been supported by major funders including the Wellcome Trust and the Leverhulme Trust, alongside grants from research councils and charitable bodies.学院的研究得到包括惠康信托与利华休姆信托在内的主要资助方支持，此外还有研究理事会与慈善机构的拨款。

Campus

• The college's main building stands on Malet Street in Bloomsbury, in a district of central London crowded with universities, museums and libraries and one of the densest concentrations of academic institutions in Britain.学院主楼位于布卢姆斯伯里的马莱特街，该区大学、博物馆与图书馆云集，是全英学术机构最密集的地区之一。

• The School of Arts occupies 43 Gordon Square, a Georgian house that was formerly the residence of the writer Virginia Woolf.艺术学部设于戈登广场 43 号，这座乔治时代宅邸曾是作家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的住所。

• The college includes a cinema on its Bloomsbury site, the Birkbeck Cinema, which hosts screenings and events for students and the public.学院在布卢姆斯伯里设有伯贝克电影院，为学生与公众举办放映活动。

• The Peltz Gallery, also on the Bloomsbury site, mounts exhibitions connected with the college's research in the arts and humanities.同样位于布卢姆斯伯里的佩尔茨画廊举办与学院艺术与人文学研究相关的展览。

• The college library is housed in the Malet Street building and supports evening study with extended opening hours during teaching terms.学院图书馆设于马莱特街大楼，在学期内延长开放时间以支持晚间学习。

• Birkbeck's buildings form part of the University of London's Bloomsbury estate, close to Senate House, the British Museum and University College London.伯贝克的建筑属于伦敦大学布卢姆斯伯里校区群，靠近议事大楼、大英博物馆与伦敦大学学院。

• Between 2013 and 2021 the college also taught at a campus in Stratford, east London, before that site was transferred to the University of East London.2013 至 2021 年间，学院还在伦敦东部斯特拉特福的一处校区授课，其后该校区移交东伦敦大学。

• The campus is designed around evening study, with lecture theatres, a library and seminar rooms that are busy long after most British universities have closed.校区围绕晚间学习而设，其讲堂、图书馆与研讨室在大多数英国大学早已关门之后仍然繁忙。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Birkbeck, University of London is placed 354th.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，伦敦大学伯贝克学院位列第 354。

• The 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings place it in the 326-350 band, a strong showing for a small specialist college.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列入 326 至 350 区间，对一所小型专门学院而言表现不俗。

• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it is placed 912th.在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列第 912。

• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities places it in the 801-900 band.2026 年世界大学学术排名将其列入 801 至 900 区间。

• According to OpenAlex the college has produced 35,050 research works attracting 1,861,079 citations.据 OpenAlex 统计，该学院已产出 35,050 项研究成果，累计被引用 1,861,079 次。

• Its five Nobel laureates, drawn from staff and alumni in physics and chemistry, are the most conspicuous mark of its research standing.出自其教师与校友、分布于物理学与化学领域的五位诺贝尔奖得主，是其科研地位最显著的标志。

• Birkbeck is unusual in Britain for specialising in evening higher education, and it draws mature students who combine study with full-time work.伯贝克在英国颇为特殊，因为它专事晚间高等教育，吸引兼顾学业与全职工作的成年学生。

• The Queen's Anniversary Prize awarded in 2005 recognised the college's research into brain function and development, a field it helped to shape.2005 年获颁的女王周年奖表彰了学院在大脑功能与发育方面的研究，这一领域由它参与塑形。

• As a constituent college of the University of London, Birkbeck shares in the standing of a federal university with a long academic history.作为伦敦大学的下属学院，伯贝克共享这所历史悠久联邦制大学的学术声誉。

• Its staff have included prominent public intellectuals, and it is known for research and teaching in the humanities as well as in the natural sciences.其教师中不乏知名的公共知识分子，学院在人文科学与自然科学方面的研究与教学都享有声誉。

Student life

• The Birkbeck Students' Union was founded in 1904 and is one of the founding members of the National Union of Students, representing a student body drawn largely from London and the surrounding region.伯贝克学生会成立于 1904 年，是全国学生联合会的创始成员之一，它所代表的学生群体主要来自伦敦及其周边地区。

• Because most teaching takes place in the evening, students typically spend their days in work, placements or research and gather on campus after six.由于大部分教学在晚间进行，学生白天通常工作、实习或做研究，傍晚六点以后才聚集到校园。

• Mature students form the core of the student body, and the college's culture is shaped by students returning to education or studying alongside a career.成年学生构成学生群体的核心，学院文化由重返校园或一边工作一边求学的学生塑造。

• Student societies and sports clubs cater for part-time as well as full-time students, and many activities are scheduled in the evening to fit the college's timetable.学生社团与体育俱乐部兼顾兼读与全日制学生，许多活动安排在晚间以配合学院的作息。

• The students' union campaigns on fees, welfare and the interests of mature and part-time learners within the University of London.学生会在伦敦大学内部就学费、福利以及成年与兼读学习者的利益发起倡议。

• Evening screenings at the college cinema and exhibitions at the Peltz Gallery give students cultural activity alongside their studies.学院电影院的夜间放映与佩尔茨画廊的展览，为学生提供了学业之外的文化活动。

• The college's central London site means students can use the libraries, archives and cultural institutions of Bloomsbury and the wider city.学院地处伦敦市中心，学生可以使用布卢姆斯伯里乃至整个伦敦的图书馆、档案馆与文化机构。

• Students' union representatives sit on college committees and take part in the governance of the institution within the University of London framework.学生会代表参加学院各委员会，并在伦敦大学的框架内参与学院治理。

• Many students study part-time over several years, and the union organises social events in the evening to build a community across cohorts.许多学生以兼读方式学习数年，学生会安排在晚间的社交活动，以在历届学生之间建立社群。

Notable people

• Ramsay MacDonald, the first Labour Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, is among the college's most famous alumni, having studied at the college in the 1880s before entering politics and leading the Labour Party.英国第一位工党首相拉姆齐·麦克唐纳是该学院最著名的校友之一，他在 19 世纪 80 年代就读于该学院，此后进入政界并成为工党领袖。

• T. S. Eliot, the poet, playwright and critic, taught courses at Birkbeck before he became a celebrated literary figure.诗人、剧作家与评论家 T·S·艾略特在成为著名文学人物之前曾在伯贝克授课。

• Annie Besant, the social reformer and campaigner, is counted among the college's notable students.社会改革家与活动家安妮·贝赞特被列为该学院的知名学生之一。

• Isaac Rosenberg, the First World War poet killed at the Somme, studied at Birkbeck before enlisting in the army.在索姆河阵亡的第一次世界大战诗人艾萨克·罗森堡入伍前曾在伯贝克学习。

• Patrick Blackett, who won the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physics, was a professor of physics at Birkbeck in the 1930s.1948 年诺贝尔物理学奖得主帕特里克·布莱克特，1930 年代曾任伯贝克物理学教授。

• Derek Barton, who won the 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, was associated with Birkbeck during his academic career.1969 年诺贝尔化学奖得主德里克·巴顿在学术生涯中与伯贝克有渊源。

• Aaron Klug, who won the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on crystallography, is counted among the college's notable scientists.因晶体学研究获得 1982 年诺贝尔化学奖的阿龙·克卢格，被列为该学院的知名科学家之一。

• Roger Penrose, who won the 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on black holes, is counted among Birkbeck's notable people.因黑洞研究获得 2020 年诺贝尔物理学奖的罗杰·彭罗斯，被列为伯贝克的知名人物之一。

• David Bohm, the theoretical physicist, was professor of theoretical physics at Birkbeck from 1961 to 1987.理论物理学家戴维·玻姆自 1961 年至 1987 年任伯贝克理论物理学教授。

• Kathleen Booth, a computer scientist at the college, wrote one of the first assembly languages and built early computing machines.学院的计算机科学家凯瑟琳·布思编写了最早的汇编语言之一，并建造了早期的计算机。

• Nikolaus Pevsner, the architectural historian, and the physicist J. D. Bernal both taught at the college in the twentieth century.建筑史学家尼古劳斯·佩夫斯纳与物理学家 J·D·贝尔纳都在二十世纪任教于该学院。

• The philosophers Slavoj Žižek and Costas Douzinas have led the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities.哲学家斯拉沃热·齐泽克与科斯塔斯·杜齐纳斯曾领导伯贝克人文研究所。

• Helen Gwynne-Vaughan became one of Britain's first female professors at Birkbeck, and George Birkbeck gave the institution its name.海伦·格温-沃恩在此成为英国最早的女性教授之一，而乔治·伯贝克的名字则给了这所学院。