《Biology Direct》是一本经过同行评审的开放获取科学期刊，涵盖生物学研究的各个领域。Biology Direct is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal covering diverse fields of biological research. 该期刊由BMC（BioMed Central，现隶属于施普林格·自然）出版。The journal is published by BMC (BioMed Central, part of Springer Nature). 其最显著的特色是开创了非匿名的公开同行评审系统，评审专家的意见和作者答辩会与论文正文一同公开发表。It is most notable for pioneering a non-anonymous, open peer-review system in which reviewer reports and author responses are published alongside the articles.
该期刊发表涉及生命科学广泛领域的原创研究论文、假说文章、综述和评论。The journal publishes original research articles, hypothesis papers, reviews, and comments across a wide range of life sciences disciplines. 其重点涵盖的领域包括进化生物学、计算生物学、生物信息学、分子与细胞生物学以及系统生物学。Key areas of focus include evolutionary biology, computational biology, bioinformatics, molecular and cellular biology, and systems biology. 此外，该期刊特别鼓励发表具有挑战性、创新性以及针对重大生物学问题的理论与假说驱动型论文。Additionally, the journal specifically encourages theoretical and hypothesis-driven papers that tackle challenging, innovative, and fundamental biological questions.
《Biology Direct》由尤金·库宁（Eugene V. Koonin）、劳拉·兰德韦伯（Laura Landweber）和大卫·利普曼（David J. Lipman）于2006年创办。Biology Direct was founded in 2006 by Eugene V. Koonin, Laura Landweber, and David J. Lipman. 创刊初衷是为了建立一种更透明的同行评审模式，克服传统双盲或单盲匿名评审过程中的偏见与拖延。It was established to pioneer a more transparent peer-review model, addressing biases and delays inherent in traditional single- or double-blind anonymous reviewing. 在创刊初期的评审机制下，作者需自行联系编委会成员约请审稿人，若有三位编委同意评审并提交报告即可发表。Under its original model, authors directly contacted editorial board members to solicit reviews, and manuscripts were published once reports from three reviewers were obtained. 随着期刊的发展，其编辑和评审流程逐步演变，但始终保持了公开评审记录的核心学术传统。As the journal evolved, its editorial workflows underwent refinement, while continuing to uphold the core tradition of published, transparent review reports.
该期刊的创刊主编为尤金·库宁（Eugene V. Koonin，供职于美国国家生物技术信息中心）。The founding Editor-in-Chief was Eugene V. Koonin from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). 创刊时担任联合主编的还包括大卫·利普曼（David J. Lipman）和劳拉·兰德韦伯（Laura Landweber）。David J. Lipman and Laura Landweber also served as founding co-Editors-in-Chief. 当前该期刊由多位国际知名学者共同领导，包括主编安娜·潘齐耶维奇（Anna Panchenko）和米哈伊尔·格尔凡德（Mikhail Gelfand）。The journal is currently led by international scholars including Editors-in-Chief Anna Panchenko and Mikhail Gelfand. 编委会由进化论、基因组学、分子进化和计算生物学等领域的活跃研究人员组成。The editorial board consists of active researchers spanning evolutionary theory, genomics, molecular evolution, and computational biology.