Belarusian State University

The Belarusian State University (BSU), known in Belarusian as Biełaruski dziaržaŭny ŭniviersitet and in Russian as Belorusskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet, is a public research university in Minsk and the oldest and largest university in Belarus.白俄罗斯国立大学（白俄罗斯语：Беларускі дзяржаўны ўніверсітэт，俄语：Белорусский государственный университет）是位于明斯克的公立研究型大学，也是白俄罗斯历史最悠久、规模最大的大学。

Decided by the Central Executive Committee of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 February 1919 and opened on 30 October 1921, it was the first national university in the country and remains its leading higher-education institution, hosting the country's largest concentration of research capacity.该校由白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国中央执行委员会于 1919 年 2 月 25 日决定创办，1921 年 10 月 30 日开学，是该国第一所国立大学，至今仍是其领军的高等学府，拥有全国最集中的科研力量。

As of the mid-2020s BSU taught more than 25,000 students, including some 5,430 foreign students, across 16 faculties and 10 educational institutes, and is placed 533rd in the QS World University Rankings 2027, making it the highest-ranked Belarusian university in that edition.到 2020 年代中期，白大在 16 个系与 10 个教育学院中培养逾 25,000 名学生，其中外国学生约 5,430 人，并在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 533 位，是该年度排名最高的白俄罗斯高校。

History

• On 25 February 1919 the Central Executive Committee of the Belorussian SSR resolved to establish the first national university in Belarus, then a young Soviet republic.1919 年 2 月 25 日，白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国中央执行委员会决议在白俄罗斯建立第一所国立大学，当时该国尚是年轻的苏维埃共和国。
• The occupation of Minsk by the Polish army delayed those plans, and the university's opening was set back to 30 October 1921, the date from which it counts its teaching.波兰军队占领明斯克使该计划受阻，大学开学因此推迟至 1921 年 10 月 30 日，学校以此次开学为教学起点。
• Initially the university comprised three faculties, Workers, Medicine and Humanities, which together enrolled 1,390 students.该校最初设工人、医学与人文三个系，共招收 1,390 名学生。
• The founding faculty consisted of 14 professors, 49 lecturers and 10 teaching assistants, most of whom were transferred from the universities of Moscow, Kazan and Kiev.建校时的师资为 14 名教授、49 名讲师与 10 名助教，其中多数自莫斯科、喀山与基辅的大学调来。
• In 1922 the Pedagogical Faculty was established, the first addition to the original three faculties.1922 年设立教育系，是原有三系之外增设的第一个系。
• The first class, counting 34 economists and 26 lawyers, graduated in 1925, giving the new university its first alumni.首届学生共 34 名经济学家与 26 名法律人，于 1925 年毕业，成为这所新大学的第一批校友。
• By 1930 the university had grown to six faculties, namely Workers, Medicine, Pedagogical, National Economy, Law and Soviet Development, and Chemical Technology, reflecting the Soviet push to train specialists for the republic's economy.到 1930 年，该校已扩展为六个系，即工人系、医学系、教育系、国民经济系、法律与苏维埃建设系以及化学技术系，体现苏联为共和国经济培养专门人才的推动。
• In 1941 the university again had six faculties, covering chemistry, physics and mathematics, biology, history, geography and languages, together with a Workers Faculty and Polish- and Yiddish-language sections.1941 年该校再度设有六个系，涵盖化学、物理与数学、生物、历史、地理与语言，并附设工人系以及波兰语与意第绪语分部。
• After Minsk was occupied by Nazi Germany in June 1941, some students and academic staff were evacuated to the east, interrupting normal teaching.1941 年 6 月纳粹德国占领明斯克后，部分师生撤退至东部，正常的教学活动随之中断。
• In May 1943 the university was re-opened in the town of Skhodnya, twelve kilometres northwest of Moscow, to continue teaching in exile, and the surviving faculty kept the institution alive through the war years.1943 年 5 月，该校在莫斯科西北十二公里的斯霍德尼亚镇复校，在流亡中继续教学，留存的教师使学校在战争岁月中得以延续。
• The university relocated back to Minsk in the summer of 1944 and classes resumed, beginning the post-war reconstruction of the institution.1944 年夏，该校迁回明斯克并恢复上课，开启了战后重建。
• In 1949 the university was named after Vladimir Lenin to commemorate the thirtieth anniversary of the Byelorussian SSR, the name it carried through the Soviet period and until Belarus became independent in 1991.1949 年，为纪念白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国成立三十周年，该校以弗拉基米尔·列宁命名，这一名称沿用整个苏联时期直至 1991 年白俄罗斯独立。
• In 1975 the Faculty of Radiophysics and Electronics was split off from the Faculty of Physics, reflecting the growth of Soviet physics research.1975 年，无线电物理与电子学系从物理系析出，反映苏联时期物理研究的扩张。
• In 1978 the research institute for physico-chemical problems was opened, followed in 1986 by the research institute for nuclear problems.1978 年物理化学问题研究所成立，1986 年核问题研究所继之设立。
• In 1989 the Faculty of Philosophy and Economics was established, and in 1991 Belarus became independent from the Soviet Union.1989 年设立哲学与经济系，1991 年白俄罗斯脱离苏联独立。
• Following independence new faculties and institutes were created, beginning with the Faculty of International Relations in 1995.独立之后，该校陆续增设院系与研究机构，1995 年首先成立国际关系系。
• In 2003 the State Institute of Management and Social Technologies and the Military Faculty were created, and rector Alyaksandr Kazulin was dismissed on accusations of corruption.2003 年设立国家管理与社会技术学院及军事系，同时校长亚历山大·卡祖林因被指控腐败而遭解职。
• In 2004 the Faculty of Humanities and the St Methodius and Cyril Theological Institute were created, and in 2006 the Institute of Business and Technology Management followed.2004 年设立人文系与圣梅福季与西里尔神学研究所，2006 年又成立商业与技术管理学院。
• In 2007 the Confucius Institute for Sinology opened at BSU, one of the earliest such institutes in the region and a hub for Chinese-language teaching.2007 年，白大开办孔子学院，是区域内最早设立的孔子学院之一，也是汉语教学的中心。
• In 2010 the SKIF supercomputer cluster was installed at BSU, giving its teachers, researchers and postgraduates computing power on 288 processors at a time.2010 年，SKIF 超级计算机集群在白大装机，使教师、研究人员与研究生可同时使用 288 个处理器的算力。
• In 2017 the university opened an SCO Research Center and Andrei D. Karol became its rector, leading the institution through the 2020s.2017 年，该校设立上海合作组织研究中心，安德烈·卡罗尔出任校长，并在 2020 年代领导该校。
• BSU has faced international criticism for politically motivated expulsions of students and dismissals of staff, and in 2022 a professor was arrested after signing a petition against the invasion of Ukraine.白大因出于政治动机开除学生、解雇教职员而受到国际批评，2022 年一名教授在签署反对入侵乌克兰的请愿书后被捕。

Academics

• The university is the flagship higher-education institution of Belarus and the country's largest research and industrial conglomerate, with 16 faculties and 10 educational institutes, and it is the centre of the national system of higher education.该校是白俄罗斯的旗舰高等学府、全国最大的研究与产业联合体，设有 16 个系与 10 个教育学院，也是全国高等教育体系的中心。
• BSU comprises 185 departments, 50 research laboratories at its faculties, 6 research institutes and centres, 6 enterprises, 3 training and experimental stations, 7 museums and a Research and Technology Park, an unusually complete academic infrastructure for the country.白大下设 185 个教研室、50 个系属研究实验室、6 个研究所与研究中心、6 个企业、3 个教学实验站、7 座博物馆以及一个研究技术园，其学术基础设施在全国最为完备。
• More than 25,066 students, undergraduates, postgraduates and doctoral students study at BSU, of whom 5,430 are foreign students drawn from more than 44 countries.在白大就读的学生、本科生、研究生与博士生超过 25,066 人，其中外国学生 5,430 人，来自 44 个以上国家。
• The university employs 6,659 staff, including 2,662 academics, 306 Doctors of Science and 1,377 Candidates of Science, the largest academic workforce of any institution in the country.该校聘用 6,659 名教职工，其中学术人员 2,662 人、科学博士 306 人、副博士 1,377 人，是全国学术人员规模最大的机构。
• Seven academicians and seven corresponding members of the Belarusian Academy of Sciences work within the university, giving it the largest concentration of senior researchers in the country.白俄罗斯科学院院士 7 人与通讯院士 7 人在该校工作，使其成为全国高级研究人员最集中的机构。
• The university offers the complete cycle of fundamental and applied research, and its four main research institutes cover nuclear problems, physical and chemical problems, applied physics, and applied mathematics and informatics.该校提供从基础研究到应用研究的完整链条，其四个主要研究所分别研究核问题、物理化学问题、应用物理以及应用数学与信息学。
• The Fund of the BSU Fundamental Library contains about 1.7 million books by national and foreign authors, serving students and researchers across the university and forming one of the largest academic collections in the country.白大基础图书馆藏书约 170 万册，涵盖本国与外国作者，服务全校学生与研究人员，是全国规模最大的高校藏书之一。
• BSU's Electronic Library was ranked second among the world's best open-access university repositories by the Google Scholar Transparent Ranking of Institutional Repositories, a recognition of its open-access publishing and digitisation work.据谷歌学术机构知识库透明排名，白大电子图书馆在全球最佳开放获取大学知识库中位列第二，这是对其开放获取出版与数字化工作的认可。
• Teaching draws on information and communication technologies, with about 94 per cent of academic subjects taught using digital tools and platforms such as eUniversity and Moodle.该校教学广泛运用信息与通信技术，约 94% 的课程借助数字化工具及 eUniversity、Moodle 等平台开展。
• The Confucius Institute for Sinology, opened in 2007, and the SCO Research Center, opened in 2017, anchor BSU's cooperation with China and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation.2007 年开办的孔子学院与 2017 年设立的上海合作组织研究中心，是白大与中国及上合组织合作的支点。
• BSU trains postgraduate students in 136 scientific specialties and 122 doctoral specialties and hosts 18 councils for doctoral dissertation defence.白大在 136 个科学专业与 122 个博士专业培养研究生，并设有 18 个博士论文答辩委员会。
• The university publishes 16 journals and one collection of scientific articles listed by the Higher Attestation Commission of Belarus, several indexed in Scopus and Web of Science.该校出版 16 种期刊与 1 部学术论文集，均列入白俄罗斯最高学位评定委员会目录，部分被 Scopus 与 Web of Science 收录。
• BSU runs joint general and advanced higher-education programmes in 24 specialties with universities in Russia, China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.白大与俄罗斯、中国、塔吉克斯坦及乌兹别克斯坦的高校在 24 个专业上开设联合培养项目。
• Students have launched two nanosatellites into Earth orbit from BSU, demonstrating the university's capabilities in space technology and applied physics.该校学生已将两颗纳米卫星送入地球轨道，展示了白大在空间技术与应用物理方面的能力。
• BSU is an individual full member of the European University Association and participates in the University of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Eurasian Network University.白大是欧洲大学协会的正式成员，并参与上海合作组织大学与欧亚网络大学。
• The university's 112 departmental branches and 433 basic organisations collaborate with industry, embedding training in enterprises and research institutions across Belarus.该校设有 112 个系属分支机构与 433 个基础组织，与企业合作把培养环节嵌入全国的企业与研究机构。
• BSU participates in 10 of the 16 global rankings listed in the IREG Inventory of International University Rankings, in nine subject rankings and three specialised rankings, a breadth of participation unusual for a university in the region.白大参与 IREG 国际大学排名清单所列 16 项全球排名中的 10 项，以及 9 项学科排名与 3 项专门排名，其参与广度在该地区高校中并不常见。
• The university is the parent implementing organisation of 10 state research programmes and 2 state scientific and technical programmes of Belarus, coordinating publicly funded science.该校是白俄罗斯 10 项国家研究计划与 2 项国家科学技术计划的主责实施机构，统筹国家资助的科学研究。
• The science, education and production clusters of BSU number five and unite its faculties, research institutes and enterprises into an integrated innovation system.白大的科学、教育与生产集群共五个，把各系、研究所与企业联合为一体化创新体系。

Campus

• The main building of the university stands at 4 Nezavisimosti Avenue in central Minsk, and the university's address places it in the heart of the capital, a landmark address in Minsk.该校主楼位于明斯克市中心独立大道 4 号，学校地址即处于首都核心地带，是明斯克的地标性地址。
• BSU comprises 166 buildings and 9 facilities with a total area of more than 420,000 square metres, spread across the city of Minsk, making it one of the largest institutional property portfolios in the capital.白大拥有 166 座建筑与 9 处设施，总面积逾 42 万平方米，散布于明斯克市内，是首都规模最大的机构物业之一。
• The complex includes 19 buildings specialised for education, 2 sports and recreation buildings, 6 administrative buildings and 10 dormitories, of which nine serve students.该建筑群包括 19 座教学专用楼、2 座体育与康乐楼、6 座行政楼以及 10 座宿舍，其中 9 座供学生使用。
• About 65 per cent of the housing provided by the university consists of rooms shared by three or four students with a common kitchen and sanitary arrangements.该校提供的住宿中约 65% 为三至四人合住的房间，共用厨房与卫浴设施。
• A Student Village on the south-western outskirts of Minsk provides additional accommodation for BSU students.位于明斯克西南郊的「学生村」为白大学生提供额外住宿。
• Academic buildings are equipped with 70 computer laboratories and 4 media classrooms for student use, and distance learning is supported by platforms such as Moodle.各教学楼配备 70 间计算机实验室与 4 间媒体教室供学生使用，远程教学则由 Moodle 等平台支持。
• The university owns a modern sporting facility in the centre of the capital, with a swimming pool, gym, wrestling and weight rooms, a stadium and a skiing centre.该校在首都中心拥有现代化体育设施，包括游泳池、体育馆、摔跤与举重房、体育场以及滑雪中心。
• Seven museums operate within the university, alongside nine canteens and nine buffets serving the campus community, feeding thousands of students and staff every day.校内设有 7 座博物馆，并有 9 个食堂与 9 个小卖部服务校园师生，每日供给数千名学生与教职工。
• BSU's main building stands near the coordinates 53.90 degrees north and 27.57 degrees east, close to Independence Square in central Minsk.白大主楼位于北纬约 53.90 度、东经约 27.57 度附近，紧邻明斯克市中心的独立广场。
• The university maintains three training and experimental stations and an in-house Research and Technology Park, through which research results are turned into production.该校设有三个教学实验站与一个自有研究技术园，把研究成果转化为生产。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the Belarusian State University is placed 533rd in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，白俄罗斯国立大学位列全球第 533 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place BSU in the 2001 and above band.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将白大列入 2001 名及以后的区间。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026-2027 ranks the university 1531st in the world.在 2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻最佳全球大学排名中，该校位列世界第 1531 位。
• BSU does not appear in the main table of the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• In the QS World University Rankings 2023 the university was placed 387th, its highest recent global position.在 2023 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列第 387 位，是其近年最高的全球名次。
• OpenAlex attributes 28,570 works and 607,068 citations to the university, reflecting a research output concentrated in physics, chemistry, mathematics and the life sciences, with physics and chemistry contributing the largest share.OpenAlex 为该校收录 28,570 篇成果、被引 607,068 次，显示其科研产出集中于物理、化学、数学与生命科学，其中物理与化学占比最大。
• The university states that it is included in the top one per cent of the world's more than 30,000 universities according to international rankings, a position it cites in its national and international promotion.该校表示，据国际排名，其位列全球三万余所大学中的前百分之一，这一位置常见于其国内外的宣传。
• BSU is the country's leading research centre, and its developments are used in medicine, space technology and information technology in Belarus and abroad, making it the principal scientific institution of the republic.白大是全国领先的研究中心，其研发成果用于白俄罗斯及海外的医学、空间技术与信息技术领域，是共和国最主要的科研机构。
• Svetlana Alexievich, who won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature, is an alumna of the university, giving BSU a Nobel laureate among its graduates.2015 年诺贝尔文学奖得主斯韦特兰娜·阿列克谢耶维奇是该校校友，使白大的毕业生中出现了一位诺贝尔奖得主。
• The university has improved its position in the Three University Missions ranking and was recognised at home as the best exporter in the field of education, reflecting its international student intake.该校在「三项大学使命」排名中的位次有所提升，并在国内被评为教育领域最佳出口机构，反映其国际学生招生实力。

Student life

• BSU has no single officially adopted motto, and its identity rests on its status as the first and largest university in Belarus, which marks its foundation day on 30 October each year.白大没有正式采用的唯一校训，其身份认同建立在白俄罗斯第一所、也是最大一所大学的地位之上，学校每年以 10 月 30 日为建校纪念日。
• Student life is organised through the Students' Council, the Belarusian Republican Youth Union and the Council of Communities, which represent students within the university.学生生活通过学生委员会、白俄罗斯共和国青年联盟与同乡会委员会组织，这些团体在校园内代表学生。
• The university runs Sport Days, sports sections and a healthy-lifestyle programme, supported by its own swimming pool, stadium and skiing centre.该校举办体育日、运动小组与健康生活方式计划，并以其自有游泳池、体育场与滑雪中心提供支持。
• Cultural life includes the BSU Creative Union, the annual Vivat Students of BSU celebration and the Kapustnik BSU festival, which mark the student year.文化生活包括白大创意联盟、「Vivat Students of BSU」年度庆典以及「Kapustnik BSU」节庆，构成学生年度的标志性活动。
• The BSU Volunteer Centre and the psychological support service provide social and welfare support to students across the faculties.白大志愿者中心与心理支持服务为各系学生提供社会与福利支持。
• Foreign students from more than 44 countries study at BSU, and the university has trained international students since 1965.来自 44 个以上国家的外国学生在白大就读，该校自 1965 年起便开始培养国际学生。
• Seven museums, including history and science collections, are open to the university community and support teaching and public outreach.校内 7 座博物馆，包括历史与科学藏品，向大学共同体开放并支持教学与公众推广。
• Dormitory life is a central part of the student experience, with nine student dormitories and shared kitchens forming the social hub for many students.宿舍生活是学生体验的核心部分，9 座学生宿舍与共用厨房成为许多学生的社交中心。
• BSU holds an annual Knowledge Day and other public events, and its students compete in national competitions and international academic olympiads.白大每年举办知识日等活动，学生参加全国性竞赛与国际学科奥林匹克。

Notable people

• Vladimir Picheta, an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, was the first rector of the university from 1921 to 1929 and had earlier led the Institute of Belarusian Culture.白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国科学院院士弗拉基米尔·皮切塔是该校 1921 至 1929 年的首任校长，此前曾领导白俄罗斯文化研究所。
• Anton Sieŭčanka, rector from 1957 to 1972, guided the university through a period of expansion in the sciences.1957 至 1972 年任校长的安东·谢夫琴卡，带领该校经历了一段理科扩张时期。
• Svetlana Alexievich, a journalist and author who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2015, graduated from BSU and is one of the few Nobel laureates from Belarus.记者兼作家、2015 年诺贝尔文学奖得主斯韦特兰娜·阿列克谢耶维奇毕业于白大，是白俄罗斯为数不多的诺贝尔奖得主之一。
• Stanisłaŭ Šuškievič, the first leader and head of state of independent Belarus after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, was an alumnus and scientist trained at BSU.苏联解体后独立白俄罗斯的首位领导人兼国家元首斯坦尼斯拉夫·舒什克维奇是白大培养的校友与科学家。
• Lev Artsimovich, a physicist and academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, was a graduate of the university and a Hero of Socialist Labour.物理学家、苏联科学院院士列夫·阿齐莫维奇是该校毕业生，并获社会主义劳动英雄称号。
• Fiodar Fiodaraŭ, a physicist who predicted the Imbert–Fiodaraŭ effect, studied at the university and produced one of its most cited scientific contributions.预测了因贝尔特—菲奥达罗夫效应的物理学家菲奥达尔·菲奥达罗夫曾就读于该校，其成果是该校被引用最多的科学贡献之一。
• Alena Aladava, director of the Belarusian National Arts Museum, and the writer Ivan Mielež were both graduates of BSU.白俄罗斯国家艺术博物馆馆长阿列娜·阿拉达娃与作家伊万·梅列日均为白大毕业生。
• Aleś Adamovič, a writer and critic, and Adam Suprun, a linguist and Slavist, numbered among the university's notable alumni in the humanities.作家兼评论家阿列斯·阿达莫维奇与语言学家、斯拉夫学家亚当·苏普鲁恩，都是该校人文领域的知名校友。
• Maria Itkina, a sprinter who set multiple world records and competed at three Olympic Games, was a graduate of the university.多次刷新世界纪录、三度参加奥运会的短跑运动员玛丽亚·伊特金娜是该校毕业生。
• Miečysłaŭ Hryb, a politician who chaired the Supreme Soviet of Belarus, was educated at BSU.曾任白俄罗斯最高苏维埃主席的政治家米亚奇斯瓦夫·赫里布曾就读于白大。
• Andrei D. Karol has served as rector of the Belarusian State University since 2017 and represents the university in national and international forums.安德烈·卡罗尔自 2017 年起担任白俄罗斯国立大学校长，并在国内与国际场合代表该校。
• Siarhiej Abłamiejka, rector from 2008 to 2017, was banned from entering the European Union after the crackdown that followed the 2010 presidential election, for the expulsion of protesting students.2008 至 2017 年任校长的谢尔盖·阿布拉梅伊卡，因在 2010 年总统选举后的镇压中开除抗议学生，被禁止进入欧盟。