Bauman Moscow State Technical University

The Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Russian: Московский государственный технический университет имени Н. Э. Баумана, commonly Baumanka) is a public research and engineering university on the left bank of the Yauza River in central Moscow, holding a founding statute of 13 July 1830.鲍曼莫斯科国立技术大学（俄语：Московский государственный технический университет имени Н. Э. Баумана，通称「鲍曼卡」）是坐落于莫斯科市中心亚乌扎河畔的公立研究与工程类大学，其建校章程颁行于 1830 年 7 月 13 日。

It is the oldest continuous technical school of the Russian Federation, a national research university since 2009, and an object included by presidential decree in the State Register of especially valuable cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia.它是俄罗斯联邦持续办学历史最悠久的工科母校，2009 年起成为国家研究型大学，并经总统令列入俄罗斯各民族特别珍贵文化遗产名录。

The university is placed 318th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings and in the 551-600 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and it bears the name of the Bolshevik Nikolay Bauman since December 1930.学校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 318，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中处于 551 至 600 区间，并自 1930 年 12 月起以布尔什维克革命者尼古拉·鲍曼命名。

History

• The origin of the school was a decree of 5 October 1826 by the dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, who ordered great workshops for different crafts for 300 boys of the Moscow Foundling Home, an institution founded by Catherine II in 1763.学校源于 1826 年 10 月 5 日皇太后玛丽亚·费奥多罗夫娜的命令，即为 1763 年叶卡捷琳娜二世创办的莫斯科育婴堂的 300 名男童设立容纳各类手艺的大作坊。

• For this purpose the architect Dmitry Zhilyardi rebuilt the Slobodsky Palace in the German Quarter, which had burned down in 1812, and the sculptor Ivan Vitali later placed the multi-figure group Minerva on its central part.建筑师德米特里·日利亚尔迪为此重建了德意志聚居区 1812 年焚毁的斯洛博德斯科伊宫，雕塑家伊万·维塔利后来又在其中央部分安放了多人物雕塑组「密涅瓦」。

• On 13 July 1830, corresponding to 1 July in the Old Style calendar, Emperor Nicholas I approved the Statute of the Moscow Craft School, the founding act from which the university counts its history.1830 年 7 月 13 日（儒略历 7 月 1 日），沙皇尼古拉一世批准《莫斯科手工业学校章程》，这一建校法令即为本校追溯自身历史的起点。

• The school opened its doors in 1832 with a six-year course of three preparatory classes and three workshops, of the 300 places 50 being open on payment to the sons of merchants and townsmen, and graduates of the full course received the title of instructed master.学校于 1832 年正式开学，学制六年，含三个预备班与三个作坊，300 个名额中有 50 个可付费入读，面向商人与市民子弟，修完全部课程者获授「熟练师傅」称号。

• By the statute of 1868 the craft school was transformed into the Imperial Moscow Technical School under director Viktor Della-Vos, organised like a higher special institution with a nine-year course.依据 1868 年章程，手工业学校改组为帝国莫斯科技术学校，由校总监维克托·德拉-沃斯主持，按高等专门院校体制办学，学制定为九年。

• The declared purpose of the Imperial Moscow Technical School was to educate construction engineers, mechanical engineers and industrial technologists, and it was financed jointly by the government and by industrialists while its management was broadly democratic.帝国莫斯科技术学校的宗旨是培养土木工程师、机械工程师与工业技术员，经费由国家与实业家共同承担，校内管理则带有相当的民主色彩。

• Its distinguishing feature was the so-called Russian method, summarised as invent it, realise it and test it, which joined intensive theoretical preparation with practical training closely tied to industry.该校最具特色的是所谓「俄罗斯教学法」，其要旨可概括为「自行发明、亲手实现、亲自验证」，把高强度的理论训练与紧密结合产业的实操教育融为一体。

• John Daniel Runkle of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology wrote to Della-Vos in 1873 that MIT had decided to adopt the Russian method, introducing manual training beside theoretical teaching, and the method spread to other American technical universities.麻省理工学院的约翰·丹尼尔·伦克尔于 1873 年致信德拉-沃斯，称麻省理工已决定采纳「俄罗斯教学法」，在理论教学之外引入手工训练，此法随后推广到其他美国理工院校。

• The school presented that method at the Universal Exposition in Vienna in 1873, where it received a gold medal, and again at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876, which won it international recognition.该校在 1873 年维也纳世界博览会上展出这一教学法并获金质奖章，1876 年又赴费城百年博览会展出，由此赢得国际声望。

• In the imperial period the school counted among its teachers the mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev and his colleague Aleksey Letnikov, and it was Chebyshev who in 1876 offered his graduate Vladimir Shukhov a lectureship in mathematics.帝国时期曾在此执教的有数学家帕夫努季·切贝雪夫与其同事阿列克谢·列特尼科夫，正是切贝雪夫在 1876 年邀请自己的毕业生弗拉基米尔·舒霍夫回校讲授数学。

• Nikolai Zhukovsky, the founder of modern aerodynamics and hydrodynamics, taught at the school and headed its aeronautical workshop, where his pupil Andrei Tupolev began to study aerodynamics in 1909.现代空气动力学与水动力学奠基人尼古拉·茹科夫斯基曾在此执教并主持航空作坊，其学生安德烈·图波列夫于 1909 年在这里开始学习空气动力学。

• The Bolshevik Nikolay Bauman was killed in 1905 not far from the main building of the technical school, and in December 1930 the successor institution was given his name, which it still bears.布尔什维克尼古拉·鲍曼于 1905 年在这所技术学校主楼附近遇害，1930 年 12 月其后继院校被授予他的姓名并沿用至今。

• After the revolution of 1917 the school was renamed the Moscow Higher Technical School in 1918 with four faculties, mechanical, engineering-construction, chemical and electrical, and its student body exceeded 7,000 by 1929.1917 年革命后，学校于 1918 年改称莫斯科高等技术学校，设机械、土木建筑、化工与电气四个系，到 1929 年在校学生已超过 7,000 人。

• In the 1920s its aeronautical, automotive and chemical-technology laboratories were spun off and grew into research institutions such as the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, the All-Union Institute of Aviation Materials and the Scientific Automobile Institute.1920 年代，其航空、汽车与化学工艺实验室相继独立出去，发展为中央流体动力研究院、全苏航空材料研究所与科学汽车研究所等科研机构。

• On 20 March 1930, under order No. 1053 of the Supreme Council of the National Economy, the Moscow Higher Technical School was divided into five separate institutes for mechanical engineering, aero-mechanics, power engineering, civil engineering and chemical technology.1930 年 3 月 20 日，依据最高国民经济委员会第 1053 号命令，莫斯科高等技术学校被拆分为机械、空气机械、动力、土木建筑与化学工艺五所独立学院。

• From those five institutes came such institutions as the Moscow Aviation Institute, the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and the Moscow Institute of Civil Engineering, and over its first decades the school seeded more than 70 technical universities across the Soviet Union.莫斯科航空学院、莫斯科动力学院与莫斯科土木建筑学院等皆由这五所学院分出，该校在其头几十年间为全苏联孕育了 70 余所技术大学。

• On 17 November 1933 the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, and in 1934 it began teaching students with hearing impairments, the origin of today's leading inclusive education centre.1933 年 11 月 17 日该学院获授劳动红旗勋章，1934 年起开始招收听力障碍学生，此即今日其全纳教育中心的前身。

• In 1938 three defence faculties were opened in place of the general-technical faculty, for tanks, artillery and ammunition, and in 1943 the institute was given back its old name of Moscow Higher Technical School.1938 年以三个国防系取代普通技术系，分别培养坦克、火炮与弹药人才，1943 年该学院恢复「莫斯科高等技术学校」旧称。

• A faculty for advanced rocket research, concerned with the theory of flight, was created in 1948, and its work is tied in the university's own history to Sergei Korolev, designer of the first intercontinental ballistic missile.1948 年设立研究飞行理论的远期火箭研究系，校史将该系的工作与首枚洲际弹道导弹的设计者谢尔盖·科罗廖夫联系在一起。

• On 12 July 1955 the school received the Order of Lenin on its 125th anniversary, and in 1960 the twelve-storey main building facing the Yauza embankment was completed to the design of the architect Lidiya Komarova.1955 年 7 月 12 日，学校在建校 125 周年之际获授列宁勋章，1960 年面向亚乌扎河岸的十二层主楼按建筑师莉季娅·科马罗娃的设计竣工。

• On 28 April 1980 the school was decorated with the Order of the October Revolution for its 150th anniversary, an event also marked by a Soviet postage stamp issued on 1 July 1980.1980 年 4 月 28 日，学校因建校 150 周年获授十月革命勋章，苏联并于 1980 年 7 月 1 日发行纪念邮票。

• By order No. 617 of 27 July 1989 of the USSR State Committee for Public Education the school became the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, the first technical university in Russia, following a government reorganisation decision of 1987, and over its existence the university has trained more than 200,000 engineers.依据苏联国民教育国家委员会 1989 年 7 月 27 日第 617 号令，学校改组为鲍曼莫斯科国立技术大学，成为俄罗斯第一所技术大学，此前苏联政府已于 1987 年作出改组决定，而全校史累计培养的工程师已超过 20 万人。

• A presidential decree of 24 January 1995 placed the university in the State Register of especially valuable objects of cultural heritage, and in 1997 it was elected to the TIME association of European engineering universities, which aids diploma recognition in eleven countries.1995 年 1 月 24 日总统令将本校列入特别珍贵文化遗产名录，1997 年又当选欧洲工科大学协会 TIME 会员，该会员身份有助学历在十一个国家获得承认。

• The 175th anniversary was celebrated in 2005 under a presidential decree of 5 September 2002, and on 7 October 2009 the university won the competitive selection that conferred the status of national research university.建校 175 周年庆典依 2002 年 9 月 5 日总统令于 2005 年举行，2009 年 10 月 7 日学校在大学发展规划竞赛中胜出，获授国家研究型大学地位。

Academics

• The university runs seventeen faculties, among them Special Machinery, Informatics and Control Systems, Machine-Building Technologies, Power Engineering, Robotics and Complex Automation, Radio Electronics and Laser Technology, Rocket and Space Engineering, Aerospace, Device Engineering, Optic-Electronic Device Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Fundamental Sciences, Engineering Business and Management, Linguistics, Social and Humanities Studies, Jurisprudence and the leading inclusive education centre.学校设有 17 个学院，包括特种机械、信息学与控制系统、机械制造技术、动力机械、机器人与综合自动化、无线电电子学与激光技术、火箭与航天技术、航空航天、仪器制造、光电仪器制造、生物医学工程、基础科学、工程商业与管理、语言学、社会与人文科学、法学以及全纳教育中心。

• Each faculty is subdivided into numbered departments, so that the Special Machinery faculty runs departments SM-1 to SM-13, covering space vehicles and carrier rockets, ballistics and aerodynamics, missile and impulse systems and composite materials for aerospace.各学院下设编号教研室，特种机械学院即设 СМ-1 至 СМ-13 共 13 个教研室，涵盖航天器与运载火箭、弹道与空气动力学、导弹与动力系统以及航空航天复合材料等方向。

• Degrees awarded are the bachelor, specialist, master and candidate of sciences, and the specialist engineer programme still lasts six years, although since the early 2000s part of the teaching follows the two-cycle Bologna structure.学校授予学士、专家、硕士与副博士等学位，专家型工程师培养仍为六年制，但自 2000 年代初起部分专业已按博洛尼亚两级体制授课。

• Admission is by examinations in mathematics, physics and Russian, and the university admits roughly one applicant in ten out of more than 30,000 candidates, of whom some 2,600 pass through its two-year preparatory courses.入学须考数学、物理与俄语，学校在逾 30,000 名考生中约录取十分之一，其中约 2,600 人先就读其两年制预科课程。

• The academic year opens on 1 September and is divided into two semesters with examinations at the end of each, and the first two years are given to general engineering subjects while specialisation begins in the third year.学年于 9 月 1 日开学，分为两个学期并在期末举行考试，前两年学习一般工程课程，第三年起进入专业方向。

• As of October 2024 the university enrolled 33,300 students including its branches, of whom 30,400 followed higher education programmes, and the infobox figure generally quoted for Moscow students is about 24,000 with 3,000 in postgraduate study.截至 2024 年 10 月，全校含分校在读学生 33,300 人，其中 30,400 人攻读高等教育课程，通常引用的莫斯科校本部数字约为 24,000 人，另有研究生 3,000 人。

• Teaching and research are carried out by more than 3,500 scientific and pedagogical staff and about 1,100 engineering and technical staff, some 34 per cent of them under the age of 39 and 36 per cent employed part-time from industry.教学科研由逾 3,500 名科教人员与约 1,100 名工程技术人员承担，其中约 34% 年龄在 39 岁以下，36% 是来自产业部门的兼职人员。

• Among the staff are more than 340 professors holding doctorates and over 1,700 docents holding candidate degrees, and by the university's own count more than 150 of its members are laureates of the Lenin Prize, the State Prize or prizes of the Russian president.教职队伍中有 340 余名获博士学位的教授与 1,700 余名获副博士学位的副教授，按校方统计，逾 150 人为列宁奖、国家奖或俄罗斯总统奖获得者。

• The Scientific Library of the university traces its foundation to 1830, and its modern reading complex in the teaching and laboratory building holds 800,000 volumes and a reading room for 680 readers.学校科学图书馆始建于 1830 年，其在教学实验楼中的现代阅览区藏书 80 万册，阅览室可容纳 680 名读者。

• Research strength is concentrated in machine building, robotics, rocket and space technology, laser and optic-electronic engineering and biomedical engineering, and the scientific-educational centre Robotics was established in May 1981 with its own retraining faculty.科研优势集中于机器制造、机器人、火箭与航天技术、激光与光电工程以及生物医学工程，其「机器人」科教中心于 1981 年 5 月成立并自设工程人员进修系。

• The university conducts more research and development than any other Russian higher education institution and states that over 40 per cent of it serves the interests of the ministry of defence, a link with the armed forces dating from the defence faculties of 1938.该校的研发总量超过俄罗斯任何其他高校，并自述其中逾 40% 服务于国防部利益，这一与军方的联系可追溯至 1938 年设立的国防系。

• It is one of the founders of the Skolkovo innovation centre, has been the leading university of the Association of Technical Universities of Russia for more than fourteen years and heads the Russian side of the League of Accredited Engineering Universities of China and Russia, established in 2011.它是莫斯科斯科科沃创新中心的创始方之一，连续十余年担任俄罗斯技术大学联盟牵头院校，并在 2011 年成立的中俄工科大学联盟中担任俄方主席单位。

• In 2019 the university and the Harbin Institute of Technology jointly founded the HIT-Bauman Engineering College, an Sino-Russian joint school delivering engineering degrees in Harbin.2019 年该校与哈尔滨工业大学共建「哈工大鲍曼工学院」，这是一所在哈尔滨授工科学位的中俄合作办学机构。

• Its academic publishing began with the journal Vestnik of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, issued since 1990 in fields from physics and mathematics to optics, power engineering and economics, and the Bauman Publishing House was founded in January 1989.学术出版以 1990 年创刊的《鲍曼莫斯科国立技术大学学报》为主，学科涵盖物理数学、光学、动力工程与经济等，鲍曼出版社则成立于 1989 年 1 月。

• Under the Priority 2030 programme the university opened its Digital Department in 2022, and in March 2024 it announced preparations to launch Russia's first serial production of superconducting quantum processors together with the state nuclear research institute in Snezhinsk.在「优先 2030」计划下，学校于 2022 年开设「数字系」，2024 年 3 月又宣布与位于斯涅日诺伊斯克的国家核研究院所合作，筹备俄罗斯首条超导量子处理器批产线。

• International links extend to more than 70 universities in Europe, America and Asia, and the university also hosts a joint International Engineering School, opened on 11 February 2019 at Dubna with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research to train engineer-physicists.其国际合作网络覆盖欧洲、美洲与亚洲 70 余所大学，并自 2019 年 2 月 11 日起在杜布纳与联合核子研究所合办「国际工程学校」，培养工程师型物理人才。

Campus

• The historic core is the main educational building, whose oldest palace wing faces the 2nd Baumanskaya Street and retains Zhilyardi's early nineteenth-century silhouette, while the twelve-storey Soviet wing facing the Yauza embankment was finished in 1960 and its roof space holds a shooting range with 25-metre and 50-metre lines.校园历史核心是主教学楼，最古老的「宫殿翼」面向第二鲍曼街，保留日利亚尔迪设计的十九世纪初立面，面向亚乌扎河堤岸的十二层苏式翼楼于 1960 年竣工，其顶层空间设有 25 米与 50 米靶线的射击场。

• The teaching and laboratory building on the Yauza was opened on 1 March 2004 after three decades of construction that began in 1972, stalled in 1984 from lack of funding and resumed in 2001, and it covers more than 80,000 square metres.亚乌扎河畔的教学实验楼于 2004 年 3 月 1 日落成启用，其建造历时三十年，1972 年开工，1984 年因经费中断，2001 年复工，建筑面积逾 80,000 平方米。

• That building holds 100 lecture rooms, 20 computer laboratories, 19 lifts, a library for 800,000 volumes, a reading hall for 680, a concert hall for almost 1,170 seats and a conference room for 126, and it is designed for 5,000 students at one time.该楼设 100 间阶梯教室、20 个计算机实验室、19 部电梯、藏书 80 万册的图书馆、680 座阅览室、近 1,170 座音乐厅与 126 座会议室，一次性可容纳 5,000 名学生。

• Other buildings include a faculty block for biomedical engineering erected in 1902, the blocks of the Special Machinery and Power Engineering faculties, the sports complex on the left bank of the Yauza built for the 1980 Olympic year and the Metallurg Stadium.其余建筑包括 1902 年建成的生物医学工程学院楼、特种机械与动力工程两学院楼、为 1980 年奥运年而建在亚乌扎左岸的体育馆以及「冶金」体育场。

• The Bauman campus project, the first Russian university campus built under a national project, added or restored 14 buildings of some 170,000 square metres in under four years, with its central cluster commissioned on City Day, 7 September 2024.鲍曼校园项目是俄罗斯在国家项目下建成的首个大学校园，不到四年新建与修缮 14 座建筑、总面积约 17 万平方米，其核心集群于 2024 年 9 月 7 日莫斯科城市日落成投用。

• The new clusters include a federal testing centre, the Bauman Digital World centre, a digital materials science centre, the Quantum Park complex, a robotics centre, the Lipgart engineering centre, a library complex housed in the former chemistry laboratory and a congress centre and innovation hub.新建集群包括联邦试验中心、「鲍曼数字世界」中心、数字材料科学中心、「量子公园」综合体、机器人中心、利普加特工程中心、改建自旧化学实验楼的图书馆综合体，以及会议中心与创新枢纽。

• The Fanagoria barracks on the same site were converted into the Palace of Technologies, an exhibition and teaching space for schoolchildren, while specialised departments work outside Moscow in Krasnogorsk, Reutov and Korolyov, the last on the territory of the RKK Energia rocket corporation.同址的法纳戈里亚兵营被改建为面向中小学生的「技术宫」展览教学空间，而若干专业教研室设在莫斯科以外的克拉斯诺戈尔斯克、列乌托夫与科罗廖夫，后者位于火箭航天集团「能量」公司园区内。

• Outside Moscow the university maintains three branches, at Kaluga, opened in 1959 in seven buildings, at Dmitrov, created by a council of ministers resolution of 6 April 1960 and commissioned in 1965, and at Mytishchi, formed in 2016 from the merged Moscow Forest University.在校外它设三所分校：1959 年开设、拥有 7 座楼的卡卢加分校，依 1960 年 4 月 6 日人民委员会决议设立、1965 年建成的德米特罗夫分校，以及 2016 年由并入的莫斯科林业大学改组的梅季希分校。

• Student housing is organised in seventeen numbered halls, among them Stilobat and the Parus and Spektr halls on the Hospital Embankment, the Cheshikha houses on the Rubtsovskaya Embankment, a fifteenth block for families and postgraduates and several dormitories on the Izmailovsky Prospekt.学生宿舍按 17 号楼编号，包括医院河堤的「斯提洛巴特」「风帆」与「光谱」楼、鲁布佐夫河堤的「切希哈」楼、供已婚学生与研究生居住的学生公寓，以及伊兹迈洛夫大街的数栋宿舍楼。

Reputation

• The university is placed 318th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, tying it with the University of Stuttgart, and in the same QS round it sits among the highest-ranked engineering universities of the Russian Federation.学校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 318，与斯图加特大学同档，在该版 QS 榜上亦属俄罗斯联邦排名最高的工程类高校之一。

• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it is placed in the 551-600 band, while in the subject table of the 2025 edition its computer science programme was ranked first among the universities of Russia.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中它处于 551 至 600 区间，而在该榜 2025 年版的学科表中，其计算机科学专业在俄罗斯高校中排名第一。

• It is listed at position 1569 in the 2026-2027 edition of the U.S. News Best Global Universities, a figure taken from a single mirror site because the official display of that ranking shows only the first thousand places, so the official list should be treated as authoritative.在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中它被列为第 1569 位，由于官方榜单仅展示前 1000 名，该数字取自单一镜像网站，故应以官方榜单为准。^[1]

• The university does not appear in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, a per-institution omission rather than a national one, since four Russian universities are listed in that edition, among them Lomonosov Moscow State University at 151-200 and the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology at 701-800.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名，这是针对单校而非针对国家整体的缺席，因为该版榜单仍收入四所俄罗斯高校，其中莫斯科国立罗蒙诺索夫大学位列 151 至 200，莫斯科物理技术学院位列 701 至 800。

• In the QS ranking for 2023 the university stood at 230th place, the second best result of any Russian institution, and it entered the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings for the first time in 2022 at 101st place, rising to 62nd of 200 in 2023.在 2023 年版 QS 排名中该校位列第 230，为俄罗斯高校中的第二好成绩，它于 2022 年首次进入泰晤士高等教育世界大学声誉排名并列第 101，2023 年在 200 所上榜大学中升至第 62。

• In the national RAEX-100 ranking of 2025 the university placed second in Russia behind Lomonosov Moscow State University and first in the country for the demand for its graduates by employers, and its engineering subjects took first place in three key RAEX fields.在 2025 年国内 RAEX-100 大学评级中该校仅次于莫斯科国立大学名列俄罗斯第二，并在校友受雇主欢迎度上位居全国第一，三个关键工程学科在 RAEX 学科评级中排名第一。

• OpenAlex attributes to the university a research output of 27,376 works that have attracted 244,849 citations, a comparatively compact corpus reflecting the classified share of its engineering research.OpenAlex 收录该校研究成果 27,376 项，累计被引 244,849 次，规模相对紧凑，反映其工程研究中相当比例属于涉密项目。

• No Nobel prize has been awarded to a member of the institute, and the university instead counts as its highest distinctions three state orders, the Order of Lenin of 1955, the Order of the October Revolution of 1980 and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour of 1933, together with more than 150 staff who hold Lenin or state prizes.该校无诺贝尔奖得主，其自认的最高荣誉是三代国家勋章，即 1955 年的列宁勋章、1980 年的十月革命勋章与 1933 年的劳动红旗勋章，另有逾 150 名教职人员获列宁奖或国家奖。

• Its claim to institutional influence rests on the fact that more than 70 Soviet technical universities were founded from its departments and that its graduates designed the Korolev and Chelomei programmes, while in 2018 it entered the world top 150 of the Emerging graduate employability ranking.其制度影响力体现在由该校教研室分出的技术大学逾 70 所、其毕业生主持了科罗廖夫与切洛梅两大航天工程，2018 年它又进入 Emerging 全球毕业生就业力榜前 150 名。

• Because of its defence work the United States placed the university on its sanctions list in 2023, a status the university's own public profile does not hide, and its financing runs through a separate expense line of the Russian national budget outside the ministry of education.因其国防科研，美国于 2023 年将该校列入制裁清单，这一身份在其公开资料中并未回避，而其经费经俄罗斯国家预算的单独支出科目拨付，不依赖教育部预算。

Student life

• The motto of the university is the Russian phrase Мужество, воля, труд и упорство, normally rendered in English as courage, will, labour and persistence, and it is carved on the insignia worn by graduates.本校校训为俄语「Мужество，воля，труд и упорство！」，英译作「勇气、意志、劳动与坚韧」，并镌刻于毕业生佩戴的校徽之上。

• The university is universally known by the colloquial name Baumanka, and its graduates speak of a Bauman brotherhood, an alumni community organised in a graduates' association that has grown up around the institute since its imperial years.学校通称「鲍曼卡」，毕业生则以「鲍曼兄弟会」自称，这一由校友组成的团体围绕该校自帝国时代起逐步形成，如今设有专门的毕业生协会。

• Student journalism at the university is older than the Soviet press itself in a narrow sense, since the first issue of the paper now called Baumanets appeared on 18 February 1923 under the title Udarnik and has appeared for more than ninety years.校园新闻业历史甚久，今名《鲍曼卡人》的校报最早于 1923 年 2 月 18 日以《突击队员》为名创刊，此后连续出版九十余年。

• Teaching runs on a two-semester rhythm with examinations at the end of each term and a traditional six-year specialist course, and the university keeps its own profile schools, the Bauman Engineering School No. 1580 and Engineering School No. 1581.教学按两学期节奏运转、期末举行考试，并保留传统的六年制专家培养，校内还直属「鲍曼工程学院第 1580 学校」与「工程学院第 1581 学校」两所特色中学。

• Sport is organised around the sports complex built on the left bank of the Yauza for the 1980 Olympic year and the Metallurg Stadium, and the university fields its own volleyball and rugby clubs.体育活动以 1980 年为奥运年在亚乌扎左岸建的体育馆和「冶金」体育场为中心，学校自有排球俱乐部与橄榄球俱乐部。

• Choral life is represented by the student choir Gaudeamus, which appears at university ceremonies, while the concert hall of the teaching and laboratory building, seating almost 1,170, is the principal venue for student performances.合唱传统由学生「Gaudeamus」合唱团承载，该团常在典礼上演出，教学实验楼中近 1,170 座的音乐厅则是学生演出的主要场地。

• Students call the teaching and laboratory building the Cruiser and the Icebreaker, and in August 2008 an underground passage beneath Hospital Lane was opened beside it after the Lefortovo tunnel works damaged the wall of the power engineering block.学生把教学实验楼戏称为「巡洋舰」与「破冰船」，2008 年 8 月其旁建成通往医院巷的地下通道，此前列福尔托沃隧道工程曾损坏动力学院楼墙体。

• The inclusive education centre of the university is the leading federal methodological centre in Russia for the higher education of students with disabilities, continuing a practice that began in 1934 when the school first admitted hard-of-hearing students.学校的「全纳教育中心」是俄罗斯在残障学生高等教育领域的国家级头部方法论中心，延续 1934 年学校首次招收听力障碍学生的传统，并自设职业能力康复项目。

Notable people

• The founding acts belong to the dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, who ordered the craft workshops in 1826, and to Emperor Nicholas I, who approved the Statute of the Moscow Craft School on 13 July 1830.两份建校法令分别出自皇太后玛丽亚·费奥多罗夫娜（1826 年下令创办手工作坊）与沙皇尼古拉一世（1830 年 7 月 13 日批准《莫斯科手工业学校章程》）。

• Viktor Della-Vos, director of the school from its 1868 reorganisation, created the Imperial Moscow Technical School and the Russian method, and the architect Dmitry Zhilyardi and the sculptor Ivan Vitali gave the institution its first home and its emblem.维克托·德拉-沃斯自 1868 年改组起主持校政，创建了帝国莫斯科技术学校与「俄罗斯教学法」，建筑师德米特里·日利亚尔迪与雕塑家伊万·维塔利则为学校提供了最初的校舍与标志。

• Nikolai Zhukovsky, professor at the school and founder of modern aerodynamics, trained a generation of designers, and his pupil Andrei Tupolev, who entered the Imperial Moscow Technical School in 1909, graduated in 1918 and taught aerodynamic calculation there from 1920.尼古拉·茹科夫斯基是该校教授、现代空气动力学奠基人，培养了一代设计师，其学生安德烈·图波列夫 1909 年进入帝国莫斯科技术学校，1918 年毕业，1920 年起回校讲授空气动力计算。

• Pavel Sukhoi, founder of the Sukhoi design bureau, was admitted to the Imperial Moscow Technical School in 1915 and took his 1925 diploma thesis on a 300 horsepower pursuit aircraft under Tupolev, later winning the Stalin Prize of the first class in 1943, the Lenin Prize in 1968 and the posthumous USSR State Prize in 1975.苏霍伊设计局创始人帕维尔·苏霍伊 1915 年考入帝国莫斯科技术学校，1925 年在图波列夫指导下以 300 马力单发截击机论文毕业，此后获 1943 年一级斯大林奖、1968 年列宁奖与 1975 年追授的苏联国家奖。

• Sergei Korolev, the chief designer of the R-7 missile and founder of practical cosmonautics, entered the Moscow Higher Technical School in July 1926 and received his diploma in 1929 with Tupolev as his mentor, and he was twice made Hero of Socialist Labour, in 1956 and 1961, and posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize in 1971.「Р-7」导弹总设计师、实用航天学奠基人谢尔盖·科罗廖夫于 1926 年 7 月考入莫斯科高等技术学校，1929 年在导师图波列夫指导下获文凭，1956 年与 1961 年两度获社会主义劳动英雄称号，1971 年获追授列宁奖。

• Vladimir Shukhov graduated from the Imperial Moscow Technical School in 1876 with distinction and a gold medal, invented the Shukhov cracking process and the first hyperboloid shell structures, and received the Lenin Prize in 1929 and the title Hero of Labour in 1932.弗拉基米尔·舒霍夫 1876 年以优等成绩和金奖章毕业于帝国莫斯科技术学校，发明了舒霍夫裂化工艺与最早的双曲面壳体结构，1929 年获列宁奖，1932 年获劳动英雄称号。

• Vladimir Chelomei, designer of the UR-100 missile and the Proton launcher, defended his doctorate at the Moscow Higher Technical School in 1951 and became professor there in 1952, earning the title Hero of Socialist Labour in 1959 and 1963, the Lenin Prize in 1959 and the USSR State Prize in 1967, 1974 and 1982.「УР-100」导弹与「质子号」运载火箭设计者弗拉基米尔·切洛梅于 1951 年在莫斯科高等技术学校通过博士论文答辩，1952 年任该校教授，1959 年与 1963 年获社会主义劳动英雄，1959 年获列宁奖，1967、1974 与 1982 年获苏联国家奖。

• Alexander Kemurdzhian enrolled at the Bauman school in 1940 and, after wartime tank repair work delayed his studies, graduated in 1951 from the department of tracked vehicles, later designing the chassis of Lunokhod 1 in 1970 and Lunokhod 2 in 1973 and being named professor in 1977.亚历山大·叶穆尔贾江 1940 年进入鲍曼学校就读，因战时坦克修理任务延宕学业，1951 年毕业于履带车辆教研室，后来主持设计 1970 年「月球车 1 号」与 1973 年「月球车 2 号」的底盘，1977 年获聘教授。

• Konstantin Feoktistov, a cosmonaut of the Voskhod 1 flight and a designer of the Sputnik, Vostok and Soyuz hardware, graduated from the Moscow Higher Technical School in 1949 and returned to it as professor in 1990, while Pafnuty Chebyshev had earlier taught mathematics in its classrooms.「上升 1 号」宇航员、参与「斯普特尼克」与「东方号」「联盟号」设计的康斯坦丁·费奥克季斯托夫于 1949 年毕业于莫斯科高等技术学校，1990 年回校任教授，而帕夫努季·切贝雪夫早年亦曾在此授课数学。

• Among statesmen and entrepreneurs the Chinese vice-premier Zou Jiahua ranks highest, having studied at the Harbin Institute of Technology from 1948 and then at the Bauman school in mechanical manufacturing until 1955, whereas Georgy Malenkov, later chairman of the Council of Ministers, served in the 1920s as party secretary at the Moscow Higher Technical School without completing his degree.在政要与企业家之中，中国国务院副总理邹家华地位最为显赫，他自 1948 年起先在哈尔滨工业大学、后在鲍曼学校机械制造专业学习至 1955 年，而后来担任人民委员会主席的格奥尔基·马伦科夫在 1920 年代曾任莫斯科高等技术学校党务秘书，但未完成学业。