Banaras Hindu University

Banaras Hindu University, abbreviated BHU and recorded in British documents until the mid twentieth century as Benares Hindu University, is a collegiate, central and research university in Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, India, whose foundation stone was laid on the Hindu spring festival of Vasant Panchami, 4 February 1916, by the Viceroy Lord Hardinge, and which grew out of the Central Hindu College that the theosophist and Indian Home Rule leader Annie Besant had founded in 1898.贝拿勒斯印度教大学简称 BHU，早期英国文献中作「Benares Hindu University」，是印度北方邦瓦拉纳西的一所学院制中央研究型大学，其奠基石由印度总督哈丁勋爵在 1916 年 2 月 4 日印度教春季节日萨拉斯瓦蒂诞辰日落下，学校由 1898 年神学家与印度自治运动领袖安妮·贝桑特创办的印度中央学院发展而来。

The university was the brainchild of Madan Mohan Malaviya, who announced the project at the twenty-first session of the Indian National Congress held in Benares in December 1905, published his plan in 1911 and opened the institution five years later with the backing of the maharaja of Darbhanga, Rameshwar Singh, the maharaja of Benares, Prabhu Narayan Singh, and the lawyer Sunder Lal, who became its first vice-chancellor.建校构想出自马达恩·莫汉·马拉维亚，他在 1905 年 12 月于贝拿勒斯召开的国民大会党第二十一届年会上公开宣布办学计划，1911 年刊布方案，5 年后在达尔邦格王公拉梅什瓦尔·辛格、贝拿勒斯王公普拉布·纳拉扬·辛格与律师孙德尔·拉尔的支持下建成学校，孙德尔·拉尔并成为首任副校长。

Spread over a main campus of 1,370 acres on the southern edge of Varanasi near the Ganges and a south campus of more than 2,700 acres at Barkachha in Mirzapur district, and organised into six institutes, fourteen faculties and about 140 departments, BHU enrols more than 30,000 students, about 18,000 of them resident, which makes it the largest residential university in Asia and places it in the 951-1000 band of the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校主校区位于瓦拉纳西南缘临近恒河处、占地 1370 英亩，南校区在米尔扎普尔县巴尔卡恰、面积逾 2700 英亩，下设 6 所研究所、14 个学部和约 140 个学系，学生 3 万余人、其中约 1.8 万人住校，是亚洲规模最大的住宿制大学，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位于第 951-1000 位区间。

History

• The Central Hindu College, which the university later incorporated, was founded in 1898 in Varanasi by Annie Besant, a theosophist who had come from England to make India her home and who went on to lead the Indian Home Rule movement and to serve as president of the Indian National Congress.后来并入贝拿勒斯印度教大学的印度中央学院由安妮·贝桑特于 1898 年在瓦拉纳西创办，贝桑特是从英国来印的神学家，后成为印度自治运动领袖并出任国民大会党主席。

• By December 1911 Besant and the Theosophical Society had relinquished day-to-day control of the Central Hindu College to Madan Mohan Malaviya and his associates, who pressed for a more orthodox Hindu education and preserved traditional practices such as the hereditary caste system, in deliberate contrast to Besant's Theosophical vision.到 1911 年 12 月，贝桑特与神学会已把印度中央学院的日常管理移交马达恩·莫汉·马拉维亚等人，后者主张更正统的印度教化并保留世袭种姓等传统做法，与贝桑特的神学理念刻意相对。

• Malaviya first stated his intention of founding a university in Banaras at the twenty-first Indian National Congress conference in Benares in December 1905, and he continued to shape the scheme with input from other Indian nationalists and educationists before publishing it in 1911.马拉维亚在 1905 年 12 月贝拿勒斯国民大会党第二十一届年会上首次表达在贝拿勒斯设大学的意图，此后与其他民族主义者和教育家反复磋商，并于 1911 年公布方案。

• The 1911 plan made science and technology the centre of its argument, holding that Indians mired in poverty could escape only if scientific knowledge was available to them in their own country, and it paired that stress on technology with the study of India's religion and culture.1911 年方案把科技置于论辩核心，认为深陷贫困的印度人只有在科学知识于本国可得时才能脱贫，并把科技与印度宗教文化的研究并举。

• Malaviya weighed whether to seek government recognition or to operate outside official control and chose recognition, and on the medium of instruction he decided to begin with English given the prevailing environment and to add Hindi and other Indian languages gradually.马拉维亚权衡过申请政府承认与脱离官方办学两条路，最终选择前者，在教学语言上决定因时势先从英语起步、再逐步加入印地语与其他印度语言。

• His vision was distinctive in preferring a teaching and residential university, because every other Indian university of the period, including those in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, was a purely affiliating body that only conducted examinations and awarded degrees to the students of its affiliated colleges.他的构想尤重教学与住宿一体的大学，而当时印度其他大学如孟买、加尔各答与马德拉斯的大学均只作联合办学机构，仅组织考试并向附属学院学生授学位。

• Malaviya had already supported Besant's cause in 1903 by raising 250,000 rupees to finance the construction of the Central Hindu College hostel, and in 1907 Besant applied for a royal charter to establish a university, an application to which the British government returned no answer.马拉维亚早在 1903 年即支持贝桑特的事业，募得 25 万卢比用于兴建印度中央学院宿舍，1907 年贝桑特申请皇家特许状设立大学，英国政府未予答复。

• After the plan appeared Besant met Malaviya and in April 1911 the two agreed to unite their forces to build the university at Varanasi, an alliance of Theosophical and orthodox Hindu strands that gave the project both its funding network and its ideological pull.方案刊布后贝桑特与马拉维亚会面，1911 年 4 月两人商定合力在瓦拉纳西建校，神学与正统印度教两脉的联合使计划既有募资网络又有思想号召。

• Malaviya soon abandoned his legal practice to work exclusively on the university and the independence movement, registered the Hindu University Society on 22 November 1911 to gather support and raise construction funds, and spent the next four years on that single task.马拉维亚随即退出律师业专事建校与独立运动，于 1911 年 11 月 22 日注册印度大学协会以募集支持与兴建经费，此后 4 年专心于此。

• Early backing came from the Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh, hereditary ruler of Benares State, and from Rameshwar Singh Bahadur of Raj Darbhanga, while Thakur Jadunath Singh of Arkha and other noble houses of the United Provinces contributed to the development of the campus.贝拿勒斯土邦世袭统治者卡希国王普拉布·纳拉扬·辛格与达尔邦格王公拉梅什瓦尔·辛格率先支持，阿尔卡的塔库尔·贾杜纳特·辛格及北方邦其他贵族家族亦捐资助推校园建设。

• On 22 March 1915 the Education Member Harcourt Butler introduced the Benares Hindu University Bill in the Imperial Legislative Council, describing in his speech a new and, many hoped, better type of Indian university that would be teaching and residential, open to all castes and creeds yet insistent on religious instruction for Hindus, and managed almost entirely by non-officials.1915 年 3 月 22 日教育委员哈考特·巴特勒在帝国立法会议提出贝拿勒斯印度教大学法案，演说中称此为印度新型大学：教学住宿一体、开放一切种姓信仰但坚持为印度教徒设宗教课程，并几乎全由非官方人士管理。

• The Benares Hindu University Bill was passed on 1 October 1915 and received the assent of the Viceroy and Governor-General of India on the same day, giving the institution the statutory foundation still cited as the Banaras Hindu University Act of 1915.贝拿勒斯印度教大学法案于 1915 年 10 月 1 日通过并于同日获印度总督御准，使学校自始即有成文法基础，即今仍被引用的 1915 年贝拿勒斯印度教大学法。

• Established in 1916, the university was the first Indian university created by the efforts of the people rather than by the colonial state, and because it was centralised through the 1915 Act it is reckoned as India's first central university.创建于 1916 年的贝拿勒斯印度教大学是第一所由民间力量而非殖民政府兴办的印度大学，并因 1915 年法案的中央化条款被视为印度第一所中央大学。

• The foundation of the main campus was laid by Lord Hardinge on Vasant Panchami, 4 February 1916, a date drawn from the calendar of the goddess Saraswati which the university still keeps as its foundation day.主校区奠基由哈丁勋爵于 1916 年 2 月 4 日萨拉斯瓦蒂诞辰日举行，这一取自智慧女神萨拉斯瓦蒂历法的日子至今仍是学校的校庆日。

• To promote the new institution Malaviya invited eminent speakers to deliver the series now called the University Extension Lectures between 5 and 8 February 1916, among them Mahatma Gandhi, whose address at the opening was his first public speech in India after his return from South Africa, together with Jagadish Chandra Bose, C. V. Raman, Prafulla Chandra Ray, Sam Higginbottom, Patrick Geddes and Annie Besant.为推广新校，马拉维亚邀请圣雄甘地、贾加迪什·钱德拉·博斯、C. V. 拉曼、普拉福拉·钱德拉·雷、萨姆·希金博特姆、帕特里克·盖迪斯与安妮·贝桑特等在 1916 年 2 月 5 日至 8 日作后来称为大学推广讲座的系列讲演，其中甘地的讲演是他自南非归来后在印度的首次公开演说。

• The university opened its first academic session in that same month under its first vice-chancellor Sunder Lal, with classes held at the Central Hindu School in the Kamachha quarter while the campus rose on more than 1,300 acres of land donated by the Kashi Naresh on the outskirts of the city, and the presence of Prafulla Chandra Ray, founder of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, and of C. V. Raman, later the 1930 Nobel laureate in physics, lent the venture scientific authority.学校在首任副校长孙德尔·拉尔主持下当月开学，初时借卡马恰街区印度中央学校授课，而校区在卡希国王捐赠的城郊 1300 余亩土地上同步兴建，印度文化科学促进会创办人普拉福拉·钱德拉·雷与后获 1930 年诺贝尔物理学奖的 C. V. 拉曼到场讲演，为建校事业增添科学声望。

• Contributions came from princely India as well as from private donors, among them the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar, Mir Osman Ali Khan, whose donation helped finance the early expansion of the institution, while the university's anthem, the Kulgeet, was composed by its own professor and eminent laboratory scientist Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar and is still sung in chorus before convocation.土邦王公与私人捐赠并至，其中海德拉巴与贝拉尔土邦执政米尔·奥斯曼·阿里·汗的捐资为早期扩建提供了经费，校歌库尔吉特由校内教授、著名实验科学家香提·斯瓦鲁普·巴特纳加尔谱成，至今仍在学位授予礼前齐唱。

• On the calendar of the founding years the Faculty of Visual Arts dates from 1916, the Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vijnan and the Faculty of Education, originally the Teacher's Training College, from 1918, and the Law School from 1922, while the Faculty of Arts inherits the 1898 Central Hindu College and is therefore called the mother faculty.创校年代的学术建制中，视觉艺术学部始于 1916 年，吠陀宗教学部与最初为师范学校的教育学部始于 1918 年，法学院始于 1922 年，而艺术学部承 1898 年印度中央学院之绪、故称母学部。

• Bharat Kala Bhavan, the university museum, was established in January 1920 with the Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore as its first chairman and his nephew Abanindranath Tagore as vice-chairman, and the Banaras Hindu University Press followed in 1936 with initial funding from Seth Jugal Kishore Birla.校属博物馆巴拉特卡拉·巴万于 1920 年 1 月设立，首任主席为诺贝尔文学奖得主罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔、副主席为其侄阿巴宁德拉纳特·泰戈尔，贝拿勒斯印度教大学出版社则在 1936 年由塞特·尤格尔·基肖尔·比尔拉初始资助成立。

• The university marked its centenary during 2015 and 2016, a hundred-year span in which it changed from a privately funded Benares institution into a university recognised as an Institute of National Importance from the inception of the Constitution of India in 1950.学校于 2015 至 2016 年庆祝百年校庆，其百年历程由一所贝拿勒斯的民间资助学府转变为自 1950 年印度宪法生效即被列为国家重要机构的大学。

• In June 2012 the executive council accepted the proposal of the Ministry of Human Resource Development to convert the Institute of Technology into an Indian Institute of Technology, and since then the engineering arm has operated as the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU).2012 年 6 月校行政会议接受人力资源部落提出的理工学院改制为印度理工学院的方案，此后其工程院系即以印度理工学院（贝拿勒斯印度教大学）名义运作。

Academics

• Academic units are layered, an institute being a cluster of one or more faculties, a faculty a cluster of one or more departments and a department dedicated to a single subject such as political science, mathematics or pottery, and the university maintains six institutes, namely the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), the Institute of Science, the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, the Institute of Medical Sciences, the Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development and the Institute of Management Studies, with special chairs and inter-disciplinary schools alongside.学术单位分层设置，研究所统辖一个或多个学部、学部统辖一个或多个学系、学系专攻一门学科如政治学、数学或陶艺，全校设 6 所研究所，即印度理工学院（贝拿勒斯印度教大学）、科学研究所、农业科学研究所、医学科学研究所、环境与可持续发展研究所与管理研究所，另设讲席与跨学科学校。

• The Institute of Science, upgraded from the former Faculty of Science, teaches botany, biochemistry, chemistry, computer science, geography, geology, geophysics, home science, mathematics, molecular and human genetics, physics, statistics and zoology together with a school of biotechnology, and it publishes the double-blind peer-reviewed Journal of Scientific Research.科学研究所由原理学部升格而成，开设植物学、生物化学、化学、计算机科学、地理学、地质学、地球物理学、家政学、数学、分子与人类遗传学、物理学、统计学与动物学并设生物技术学校，出版双盲同行评审的科学研究杂志。

• Established in 1931 as the Institute of Agricultural Research, the Institute of Agricultural Sciences runs eleven departments and four auxiliary units and offers undergraduate, postgraduate, special, doctoral and diploma programmes, and it is counted among the premier agricultural institutes of India.农业科学研究所前身是 1931 年设立的农业研究所，现有 11 个学系与 4 个辅助单位，提供本科、研究生、特别课程、博士与文凭教育，被列为印度农业学科的头部院所。

• The Institute of Medical Sciences, built around three faculties and one college, offers undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and diploma courses and holds a status equivalent to that of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, while its teaching hospital, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, opened in 1926 with 96 beds, has grown beyond 900 beds and is the largest tertiary referral hospital in the region, supported by a trauma centre and a super speciality hospital.医学科学研究所由 3 个学部与 1 个学院构成，开设本科、研究生、博士与文凭课程，地位与全印度医学科学研究所相当，其教学医院孙德尔·拉尔医院 1926 年开院时有 96 张病床、现已逾 900 张，是周边地区最大的三级转诊医院，并配有创伤中心与超专科医院。

• The Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development began in 2010 in line with the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, whereas the Institute of Management Studies grew from a department into a faculty in 1984 and was raised to institute status in 2015, making it one of the earliest business schools in India, teaching at postgraduate and doctoral levels with a Master of Business Administration entered through the Common Admission Test.环境与可持续发展研究所于 2010 年对应联合国可持续发展教育十年目标设立，管理研究所则由管理学系于 1984 年升格为学部、2015 年再升为研究所，属印度最早的商学院之列，开展研究生与博士教育，其工商管理硕士经研究生入学统考录取。

• Nine faculties stand outside the institutes and colleges, among them the Faculty of Commerce, which began as a department in 1940 and was institutionalised as an independent faculty in 1965, offering undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral courses in commerce, financial management, foreign trade and risk and insurance.9 个学部不隶属于研究所或学院，其中商学部首设于 1940 年、1965 年建成独立学部，在本科、研究生与博士层次教授商学、财务管理、对外贸易与风险保险。

• The Faculty of Education, founded in 1918 as the Teacher's Training College and based in the Kamachchha complex outside the main campus, awards the Bachelor of Education, a Bachelor of Education for special visual impairment, a Master of Education and doctorates and has published the National Journal of Education since 1978, while the Faculty of Law, constituted as a law school in 1922, teaches at undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and diploma levels.教育学部前身是 1918 年创办的师范学校，主楼在校区外的卡马恰院区，授教育学学士、视力障碍专门教育学学士、教育学硕士与博士学位，自 1978 年出刊国家教育杂志，1922 年设立的法学院则在本科至文凭各层次授课。

• The Faculty of Performing Arts was started in 1950 by the vocalist Omkarnath Thakur as a college of music and fine arts and, in 1966, under vice-chancellor Govind Malviya and founding principal Omkarnath Thakur, was restructured into departments of vocal music, instrumental music and musicology, the faculty claiming the first musicology department in India, headed by the musicologist Prem Lata Sharma.表演艺术学部由声乐家 Omkarnath Thakur 于 1950 年以音乐美术学院形式创办，1966 年在副校长 Govind Malviya 与首任院长 Omkarnath Thakur 主持下改组为声乐、器乐与音乐学 3 个学系，该学部自称设有印度首个音乐学系，由音乐学家 Prem Lata Sharma 主持。

• The Faculty of Sanskrit Vidya Dharma Vijnan, established in 1918, awards the Shastri at undergraduate, the Acharya at postgraduate and the Vidyavaridhi at doctoral level, teaches Hindu, Jain and Buddhist practice and philosophy, and prepares the Vishwa Panchang almanac published by the university press.吠陀宗教学部设于 1918 年，本科授 Shastri、研究生授 Acharya、博士授 Vidyavaridhi，教授印度教、耆那教与佛教的修行与哲学，并编撰由学校出版社刊行的世界历书。

• The Faculty of Visual Arts, founded in 1916, contains departments of painting, applied arts, plastic arts, pottery and ceramics, and textile design, and offers undergraduate and postgraduate courses in applied and visual arts.视觉艺术学部创于 1916 年，下设绘画、应用艺术、造型艺术、陶艺与陶瓷、织物设计等学系，提供应用艺术与视觉艺术的本研课程。

• The Faculty of Social Sciences was bifurcated from the Faculty of Arts in 1971 and holds departments of economics, history, political science, psychology and sociology besides five centres, the Centre for the Study of Nepal, the Centre for Women's Study and Development, the Centre for Integrated Rural Development, the Centre for the Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusion Policy and the Malviya Centre for Peace Research, and it also runs special courses such as the Master of Personnel Management and Industrial Relations.社会科学学部于 1971 年从艺术学部分出，设经济、历史、政治学、心理学与社会学学系，另有尼泊尔研究中心、妇女研究与发展中心、农村综合发展中心、社会排斥与包容政策研究中心与马尔维亚和平研究中心 5 个中心，并开设人事管理与工业关系硕士等特别课程。

• Four colleges in Varanasi are admitted to the privileges of the university, the DAV Post Graduate College of 1938 accredited with an A-plus rating by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council, the women's Arya Mahila Post Graduate College of 1956, Vasanta College for Women founded by Annie Besant in 1913 and Vasant Kanya Mahavidyalaya of 1954, while on-campus Mahila Mahavidyalaya dates from 1929, and three schools, Ranveer Sanskrit Vidyalaya, the Central Hindu Boys School and the Central Hindu Girls School, are run by the university School Board.瓦拉纳西 4 所学院获授学校学位授予权，即 1938 年创办并经国家评估与认证委员会评为 A 加级的 DAV 研究生院、1956 年的 Arya 女子研究生院、安妮·贝桑特 1913 年创办的 Vasant 女子学院与 1954 年的 Vasant 女子大学，校内女子学院始于 1929 年，另有 Ranveer 梵语学校、印度中央男子学校与印度中央女子学校 3 所中学由学校校董会办理。

• The School of Biotechnology was established in 1986 with funding from the Department of Biotechnology under the Ministry of Science and Technology and offers Master of Science and doctoral programmes through a partnership of the Institute of Science, the Institute of Medical Sciences and the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), while the Interdisciplinary School of Life Sciences rests on a grant of 238.9 million rupees from the same department and the Centre for Genetic Disorders, opened in 2008, provides diagnosis and counselling for cases referred from the university hospital together with a one-year postgraduate diploma in chromosomal, genetic and molecular diagnostics.生物技术学校于 1986 年在科学技术部生物技术司资助下设立，经科学研究所、医学科学研究所与印度理工学院（贝拿勒斯印度教大学）合作授理学硕士与博士学位，同一部门以 2.389 亿卢比拨款共建跨学科生命科学学校，2008 年成立的遗传疾病中心为校医院转诊病例提供诊断与咨询并设染色体、遗传与分子诊断一年制研究生文凭。

• Research centres span the Centre for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, supported by the Department of Science and Technology and drawing on the departments of mathematics, statistics and computer science of the Institute of Science and on applied mathematics at the Indian Institute of Technology, the Centre of Food Science and Technology, a joint venture of the agricultural institute and the engineering institute, the Center for Environmental Science and Technology with its three-year postgraduate teaching and research programmes, the Center for Nanotechnology and the Hydrogen Energy Center.研究中心涵盖科技部资助、由科学研究所数学统计计算机各系与印度理工学院应用数学系共同参与的跨学科数学科学中心，农业所与工学院合办的食品科技中心，开设三年制研究生教研项目的环境科技中心，以及纳米技术中心与氢能中心。

• Under the government's Namami Gange mission the executive council created the Malaviya Research Centre for Ganga, River Development and Water Resource Management to study pollution of the Ganges across basin ecology, hydrology, pollution management, technology, socio-economic and cultural questions and data management, training volunteers as Ganga Mitra, while the Malviya Centre for Ethics and Values, founded in 1991, runs two-year diploma courses and acts as nodal agency for ethics teaching in all central universities.校董会依政府恒河清理行动设立马尔维亚恒河与水资源管理研究中心，专研恒河污染的流域生态、水文学、污染治理、技术、社会经济文化与数据管理并培训恒河之友志愿者，1991 年设的马尔维亚伦理与价值观中心开两年制文凭课程并担任中央大学伦理课程牵头机构。

• Departments of science, engineering and social science draw support from the Fund for Improvement of Science and Technology Infrastructure and from University Grants Commission special assistance schemes, including the Centre of Advanced Study, the Department of Special Assistance and the Departmental Research Support programmes, the Design Innovation Centre of 2015 is a joint venture of the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) and the university that also serves the Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad and the University of Allahabad, and BioNest-BHU, set up in 2020 as the InnoResTech Foundation with Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council funding, promotes startups in biotechnology, healthcare, agritech and food technology.理学、工程与社会科学各系获得科技发展基础设施改善基金与大学拨款委员会特别援助计划支持，含高级研究中心、特别援助系与系科研究支持 3 类项目，2015 年的设计创新中心由印度理工学院（贝拿勒斯印度教大学）与学校共建并同时服务阿拉哈巴德信息技术学院、莫蒂拉尔·内赫鲁国立理工学院与阿拉哈巴德大学，2020 年以生物技术产业研究援助理事会资助设立的创新孵化机构则推动生物技术、医疗、农业科技与食品技术创业。

• Admissions moved from the university's own Undergraduate Entrance Test and Postgraduate Entrance Test, which ran until 2021 for 5,166 seats in two-hour multiple-choice papers covering more than 24 undergraduate and over 100 postgraduate courses, to the national Common University Entrance Test from the 2022 academic year, with the Research Entrance Test held until 2023 and the whole process run by the controller of examinations, entry to the engineering institute being only through the Joint Entrance Examination Advanced and the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering, to the medical institute through the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test and, for postgraduate Ayurveda, the dedicated ayurvedic test, and competition exceeding fifty applicants for one seat.招生自 2022 学年由学校自办的本科与研究生入学考试（此前用于 5166 个名额、24 个以上本科专业与 100 余个研究生专业、每卷 2 小时选择题）转向全国统一的大学入学统考，研究能力考试延续至 2023 年，全程由考试总监主持，进入理工学院只能通过高级联合入学考试与研究生工程能力测试，进入医学所须过国家入学统考、研究生阿育吠陀方向另过专门考试，每席之地竞争逾 50 人。

• Total enrolment stood at 30,698 students drawn from 48 countries as of 2020, and international applicants are handled directly by the International Centre, a university department created in 2004 to manage foreign student admissions, international collaboration and overseas alumni outreach, while scholarly publishing runs through the Banaras Hindu University Press and Publication Cell of 1936, whose two arms separate printing from sales.至 2020 年全校注册学生 30,698 人、来自 48 个国家，国际学生申请由 2004 年设立的国际中心直接受理，该部门负责外国学生招生、国际协作与海外校友联络，学术出版则由 1936 年成立的贝拿勒斯印度教大学出版社与出版发行处承担，两处分工为印制与发行。

Campus

• Development of the main campus, which spreads over 1,370 acres, or about 5.5 square kilometres, on the southern edge of Varanasi near the banks of the river Ganges at latitude 25.31668 and longitude 83.01041, began in 1916 on land donated by the then Kashi Naresh Prabhu Narayan Singh, and its layout approximates a semicircle with intersecting roads laid along radii or in arcs.主校区占地 1370 英亩约合 5.5 平方公里，位于瓦拉纳西南缘临近恒河岸、北纬 25.31668 东经 83.01041 处，1916 年起在时任卡希国王普拉布·纳拉扬·辛格捐赠的土地上兴建，格局近似半圆，道路或沿半径或作弧线相交。

• Buildings raised in the first half of the twentieth century are considered fine examples of Indo-Gothic architecture, and the main entrance gate and boundary wall were built on a donation by the maharaja of Balrampur, Maharaja Pateshvari Prashad Singh, and named after him as the Singh Dwar, the ceremonial arrival point for convocation guests.上半个世纪建成的楼群被视为印度哥特式建筑的佳作，主校门与围墙由 Balrampur 王公 Pateshvari Prashad Singh 捐资兴建并以其名命名为 Singh 门，是学位礼嘉宾的礼仪入口。

• The Sayaji Rao Gaekwad Library, completed in 1941 and financed by Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III of Baroda, who after the First Round Table Conference wanted a reading room modelled on that of the British Library then housed in the British Museum, keeps more than 1.3 million volumes as of 2011 at the head of a system of 3 institute libraries, 8 faculty libraries and over 25 departmental libraries, and it has served since 2003 as a Manuscript Conservation Centre of the National Mission for Manuscripts, with electronic access through DELNET and the commission's INFLIBNET network.萨亚吉·拉奥·盖克瓦德图书馆 1941 年建成，由巴罗达王公萨亚吉拉奥·盖克瓦德三世出席第一轮圆桌会议后参照当时设于大英博物馆内的大英图书馆阅览室之制捐资兴建，至 2011 年藏书逾 130 万册，统领 3 所研究所图书馆、8 所学部图书馆与 25 余个学系图书馆，2003 年起兼任国家手稿任务的手稿保护中心，并经 DELNET 与大学拨款委员会的 INFLIBNET 网络提供电子资源。

• The library system itself began in 1917 from a collection given by P.K. Telang in memory of his father, Justice Kashinath Trimbak Telang, was housed in the Telang Hall of the Central Hindu College and moved in 1921 into the Central Hall of the Arts College, had about 60,000 volumes by 1931, and continued to absorb personal and family collections into the 1940s, so that its rarities include books and journals of the eighteenth century.图书馆体系本身始于 1917 年 P.K. 特兰格为纪念其父卡希纳特·特里姆巴克·特兰格法官所赠藏书，先藏于印度中央学院的特兰格厅，1921 年迁入文学院中央大厅，1931 年已有约 6 万册，私家与家族藏书捐赠延续至 1940 年代，故藏有 18 世纪书刊珍品。

• The most prominent landmark is the Shri Vishwanath Mandir at the centre of the campus, a complex dedicated chiefly to Shiva whose 252-foot, or 77-metre, structure was begun in March 1931 and took almost three decades to complete, with eight further shrines inside the main temple.校区最醒目的地标是居于中央的湿婆大神庙，主奉湿婆，其 252 英尺约合 77 米的建筑群 1931 年 3 月动工、历时近 30 年方成，主殿内另有 8 座配殿。

• Bharat Kala Bhavan, the university museum established in 1920, holds more than 100,000 objects spanning archaeological artefacts, Indian paintings, textiles and costumes, philately and archival material, and the Alice Boner Gallery was opened there in 1989 with the help of the Alice Boner Foundation to mark the Swiss sculptor's birth centenary.1920 年设立的校属博物馆巴拉特卡拉·巴万藏有 10 万余件文物，含考古器物、印度绘画、织绣服饰、邮票与档案文献，1989 年在 Alice Boner 基金会协助下馆内开设 Alice Boner 陈列室，以志这位瑞士雕塑家百年诞辰。

• The Rajiv Gandhi South Campus at Barkachha in Mirzapur district lies about 60 kilometres south-west of Varanasi, covers more than 2,700 acres, or 11 square kilometres, on land later donated by Aditya Narayan Singh at Sunderpur, and was conveyed to the university as a lease in perpetuity by the Bharat Mandal Trust in 1979, hosting the Krishi Vigyan Kendra agricultural science centre with its focus on farming technique, agro-forestry and biodiversity suited to the Vindhya Range region besides a lecture complex, a library, hostels, faculty housing and administrative offices.拉吉夫·甘地南校区在米尔扎普尔县巴尔卡恰，距瓦拉纳西西南约 60 公里、面积逾 2700 英亩约合 11 平方公里，土地由阿迪亚·纳拉扬·辛格后来在苏德尔普尔捐出，1979 年由巴拉特曼达尔信托以永久租约移交学校，园区设农业科学中心专研适应温迪亚山地的农艺、农林复合与生物多样性，另有教学楼群、图书馆、学生宿舍、教师住宅与行政办公区。

• The university is fully residential with 66 hostels, 41 for men, 21 for women and 4 for international students, giving accommodation to more than 12,000 residents out of the roughly 18,000 who live on campus, together with 654 quarters for teaching staff and 688 for non-teaching staff, and hostel names honour figures such as Raja Baldev Das Jugal Kishore Birla, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Rani Laxmibai and M. Visvesvaraya, while the Triveni block gathers women's hostels named after the Ganga, Yamuna and Sarasvati rivers and later extended by hostels for the Godavari and Kaveri.学校为全住宿制，有宿舍 66 栋、男生 41 栋、女生 21 栋、国际学生 4 栋，为逾 1.2 万名住校生提供住所，全校住校约 1.8 万人，另有教学人员住宅 654 套与非教学人员住宅 688 套，宿舍以 Raja Baldev Das Jugal Kishore Birla、Lal Bahadur Shastri、Rani Laxmibai、M. Visvesvaraya 等人名命名，三河院区集合以恒河、亚穆纳河、萨拉斯瓦蒂河命名的女生宿舍、后又增戈达瓦里河与卡维里河两栋。

• All permanent administrative offices are concentrated in the Central Office, and the Banaras Hindu University Act of 1915 defines the governing bodies that work from it, the Executive Council as supreme executive organ over revenue, property and administration, the University Court as supreme advisory body to the Visitor, the Academic Council as highest academic authority over standards of instruction and examination, and the Finance Committee recommending financial policy and budgets.全校常设行政机构集中于中央办公厅，1915 年贝拿勒斯印度教大学法界定其治理机构，行政会议为统管岁入、财产与行政的最高执行机构，大学法庭为监察官的最高咨询机构，学术委员会为教学与考试标准的最高学术机构，财政委员会负责建议财政方针与预算。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Banaras Hindu University is placed in the 951-1000 band, the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings put it in the 551-600 band, the 2026-2027 U.S. News global ranking lists it at number 801 and the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities places it in the 901-1000 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中贝拿勒斯印度教大学位列第 951-1000 位区间，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名列其于第 551-600 位区间，2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名居第 801 位，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名列第 901-1000 位区间。

• OpenAlex, which identifies the university as institution I91357014 with the research organisation identifier 04cdn2797, records 66,252 scholarly works and 3,539,025 citations attributable to it, a bibliometric footprint that underwrites its presence in all four international tables.文献平台 OpenAlex 以机构号 I91357014 与研究实体编号「04cdn2797」 登记该校，收录其学术成果 66,252 项、被引 3,539,025 次，这一文献计量规模构成其进入 4 个国际榜单的基础。

• Domestically the National Institutional Ranking Framework placed the university eleventh overall in India in 2024, fifth in the universities category and sixteenth in the research category, and the Outlook India 2024 tables ranked it second among government medical institutions.在国内排名中，2024 年国家机构排名框架列其全印第 11、大学类第 5、研究类第 16，2024 年 Outlook India 榜单列其为公立医疗机构类第 2。

• In the discipline-specific round of the same 2024 National Institutional Ranking Framework exercise the university was ranked tenth in engineering, seventh in medicine, twenty-fifth in law and forty-eighth in management, a distribution that shows its strength concentrated in the science, engineering and medical institutes rather than in professional management.在 2024 年国家机构排名框架的学科榜单中，学校工程学位列第 10、医学位列第 7、法学位列第 25、管理学位列第 48，显示其位次偏重理学、工程与医学各所而非专业管理教育。

• The Government of India declared the university one of only eight public institutions carrying the status of an Institute of Eminence, a designation meant to help world-class universities emerge in the country, and it has held the rank of an Institute of National Importance since the Constitution came into force in 1950.印度政府宣布该校为全国 8 所卓越教育机构之一的公立机构，此称号意在助成世界一流大学，学校并自 1950 年宪法生效起即为国家重要机构。

• BHU is one of twelve Indian members of the BRICS Universities League, a consortium of leading research universities from the BRICS countries, a membership that structures much of its collaborative recruiting and joint research programming.学校是金砖国家大学联盟中 12 所印度成员之一，该联盟集合金砖各国的研究型大学，其协作招生与联合研究项目多依此框架展开。

• By scale it is the largest residential university in Asia, teaching more than 30,000 students with about 18,000 in residence and 30,698 enrolled from 48 countries in 2020, and it is counted among the most prestigious universities of India on the strength of the concentration of faculties, institutes and affiliated colleges within one campus.以规模计它是亚洲最大的住宿制大学，学生 3 万余人、住校约 1.8 万人，2020 年注册学生 30,698 人、来自 48 个国家，也因同一校园内学部、研究所与附属学院的密集配置而被列为印度最受尊崇的大学之一。

• On prize counts the record is best stated honestly: no Nobel, Turing or Fields laureate served on its faculty or completed a degree there, but two laureates are woven into its institutional history, since Rabindranath Tagore, awarded the 1913 Nobel prize in literature, chaired the museum society founded in January 1920 and C. V. Raman, the 1930 physics laureate, spoke at the opening lectures of February 1916.就大奖计宜如实陈述：其教职员与毕业生中未产生诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主，但有 2 位获奖者与校史交织，1913 年诺贝尔文学奖得主罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔任 1920 年 1 月创立的博物馆首任主席，1930 年物理学奖得主 C. V. 拉曼参加了 1916 年 2 月的开校讲演。

• Its standing in heritage scholarship is separately recognised, the Gaekwad Library having served as a Manuscript Conservation Centre of the National Mission for Manuscripts since 2003 and Bharat Kala Bhavan keeping one of the country's major collections of Indian painting, while the campus itself, laid out from 1916 in the Indo-Gothic idiom, is treated as an architectural record of the period.其在遗产学术上的地位另有公认，盖克瓦德图书馆自 2003 年起担任国家手稿任务的手稿保护中心，巴拉特卡拉·巴万藏有全国最重要的印度绘画收藏之一，而自 1916 年起以印度哥特式风格铺建的校园本身也被视作该时期的建筑记录。

Student life

• The university observes Saraswati puja, worship of the goddess of knowledge, music, arts, wisdom and nature, as its foundation day on Vasant Panchami, the goddess being the revered mascot and part of the university seal, and registrations for the entrance examinations traditionally opened on that same day each year.学校以萨拉斯瓦蒂诞辰日作为校庆日礼拜智慧女神萨拉斯瓦蒂，该女神主掌知识、音乐、艺术、智慧与自然，同时是受尊崇的吉祥物并见于校印，入学考试报名传统上每年于该日开启。

• Each year after Vasant Panchami, in February or March, the intra-university festival Spandan brings faculties and institutes into competitions of essay writing, poetry, debate, painting, sketching, vocal music, dance, drama and mimicry, and every faculty and institute adds its own in-house annual festival.每年萨拉斯瓦蒂诞辰日后的 2 月或 3 月，校内节庆 Spandan 召集各学部与研究所竞逐散文、诗歌、辩论、绘画、素描、声乐、舞蹈、戏剧与口技，各学部与研究所另有自办的年度节庆。

• An annual flower exhibition has been organised on Malaviya Jayanti, the founder's birthday of 25 December, since 1971, and the choral performance of the Kulgeet, the anthem composed by Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, opens convocation and other official gatherings.自 1971 年起每年在创办人马拉维亚生日 12 月 25 日举办花卉展，学位礼与其他官方集会则由香提·斯瓦鲁普·巴特纳加尔谱成的校歌齐唱开场。

• The religious calendar is equally formalised, with Holi Milan Samaroh held each year outside the Vishwanath Temple, students raising tableaux known as jhaanki for Janmashtami, the Diwali Mahotsav lighting campus and hostels with oil lamps, and Guru Nanak Jayanti and Dev Deepawali observed alongside the three national days.宗教节律同样制度化，每年在湿婆神庙外举办 Holi 联欢，黑天诞辰节由学生搭起台阁，排灯节庆典中校园与宿舍尽燃油灯，祖师圣诞与神灯节与 3 个国庆日并列举行。

• Academic costume is compulsory at convocation, a white saree with a red border and a red blouse for women and a white kurta with dhoti or pyjama for men, both completed by a safa head-dress and an uttariya stole, and the university was the first prominent Indian university to replace Western convocation dress with Indian traditional dress, a change other institutions soon demanded and adopted.学位礼必着学位服，女生为红边白色纱丽配红色上衣，男生为白色长库塔配杜蒂或长裤，两者均加头巾与披带，学校是印度第一所弃西式学位礼服改穿传统服饰的重要大学，此举旋即为他校要求并效仿。

• Co-curricular life runs through the university Mountaineering Centre and the University Sports Board and through faculty bodies such as FSS Connect, a consortium of all societies and clubs at the Faculty of Social Sciences, while BHU Connect, introduced in 2022, acts as an umbrella platform for institute clubs and student-run units and helps aspirants and first-year students, and in 2019 the Hindi film Super 30, starring Hrithik Roshan, shot its library sequences inside the Gaekwad Library.课外活动由全校登山中心与校体育委员会主持，学部层面有社会科学学部各社团联合体 FSS Connect 等，2022 年推出的 BHU Connect 充任各研究所社团与学生自办单位的总平台并为考生与新生提供帮助，2019 年由 Hrithik Roshan 主演的印地语电影《Super 30》的图书馆段落即在盖克瓦德图书馆取景。

• Honours are awarded at faculty and university level, the university medals including the Chancellor's Medal and the Late Maharaja Vibhuti Narain Singh Gold Medal for the highest cumulative grade point average, the BHU Medal for first position in a course, the Shanker Dayal Sharma Gold Medal for character, academic excellence and service, the Bhagwandas Thakurdas Chandwani Gold Medal for first place in the medical degree and the Wagle Gold Medal for first place in the Master of Arts in economics.荣誉分学部与全校两级，校级奖章含最高累积绩点的校长奖章与已故 Vibhuti Narain Singh 王公金奖、各科第一的贝拿勒斯印度教大学奖章、品行学业与服务兼备的香卡尔·戴亚尔·夏尔马金奖、医学学位第一的 Bhagwandas Thakurdas Chandwani 金奖与经济学硕士第一的 Wagle 金奖。

• Political life takes an unusual form, since the university has no active elected student union but an administrative Banaras Hindu University Students Council to represent and safeguard student interests, while student wings of the major national parties keep a visible presence, protests are frequent given the size of the residential population, and the most prominent recent campaign was the Banaras Hindu University women's rights protest.校园政治形态特殊，学校不设民选学生会而以贝拿勒斯印度教大学学生会这一行政机构代表并维护学生权益，各大政党学生团体在校园活跃，因住宿人口庞大而抗议常见，近年最引人注意的是校园女性权利抗议。

Notable people

• Madan Mohan Malaviya, honoured within the university as Mahamana and remembered as the soul of the founding effort, left his legal practice in 1911 to build the institution, registered the Hindu University Society on 22 November 1911, and is commemorated in the Malviya Centre for Peace Research, the Malviya Centre for Ethics and Values and the flower exhibition held each year on his birthday of 25 December.马拉维亚在校内被尊称为 Mahamana，被视为创校之魂，1911 年弃律师业专力建校、同年 11 月 22 日注册印度大学协会，其名为马尔维亚和平研究中心、伦理与价值观中心以及每年 12 月 25 日其生日举办的花卉展所纪念。

• Annie Besant founded the Central Hindu College in 1898, sought a royal charter for a university in 1907, agreed with Malaviya in April 1911 to combine their efforts, founded Vasanta College for Women in 1913 and by December 1911 had handed day-to-day control of the college to the orthodox group around Malaviya.安妮·贝桑特 1898 年创办印度中央学院、1907 年申请皇家特许状创办大学、1911 年 4 月与马拉维亚商定合力建校、1913 年创办 Vasant 女子学院，至 1911 年 12 月已把学院日常管理移交马拉维亚周围的正统派。

• Rameshwar Singh of Darbhanga Raj and Prabhu Narayan Singh, hereditary ruler of Benares State whose gift of more than 1,300 acres made the campus possible, rank among the principal benefactors with Aditya Narayan Singh, whose later land at Sunderpur produced the 2,700-acre south campus conveyed through the Bharat Mandal Trust in 1979, and with the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar, Mir Osman Ali Khan.达尔邦格王公拉梅什瓦尔·辛格与贝拿勒斯土邦世袭统治者普拉布·纳拉扬·辛格是首要捐助人，后者捐出 1300 余亩土地使校园成为可能，阿迪亚·纳拉扬·辛格后在苏德尔普尔捐地、形成经巴拉特曼达尔信托于 1979 年移交的 2700 英亩南校区，海德拉巴与贝拉尔土邦执政米尔·奥斯曼·阿里·汗亦列名捐资者中。

• Sunder Lal, the lawyer who backed the founding and took office as first vice-chancellor in 1916, is remembered in the Sir Sunderlal Hospital of 1926 that bears his name, while other alumni-turned-administrators include K. L. Shrimali, who served the republic as minister of education, and Moti Lal Dhar, a senior civil servant of independent India.支持创校并于 1916 年出任首任副校长的律师孙德尔·拉尔，其名为 1926 年设立的孙德尔·拉尔医院所纪念，走出校友而任公职者还有曾任印度教育部长的 K. L. 施里马利与独立后高级文官莫蒂·拉尔·达尔。

• Two former Presidents of India are counted among those who worked and taught at the university, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the philosopher of comparative religion who later became the republic's second president, and A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the aerospace scientist who entered the presidential office after a career in rocketry and teaching.两位印度前总统列名于曾在校工作任教者之中，比较宗教学哲学家萨瓦帕利·拉达克里希南后来成为共和国第二任总统，航天科学家阿卜杜勒·卡拉姆则在火箭事业与任教之后入主总统府。

• Among the visitors who shaped the founding moment were Jagadish Chandra Bose, the physicist and plant physiologist, C. V. Raman, who won the 1930 Nobel prize in physics for the scattering of light, Prafulla Chandra Ray, founder of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Patrick Geddes, the Scottish biologist and town planner, Sam Higginbottom of the Allahabad Agricultural Institute, and Mahatma Gandhi, whose February 1916 address was his first public speech in India.塑造创校时刻的访客包括物理学家兼植物生理学家贾加迪什·钱德拉·博斯、因光的散射获 1930 年诺贝尔物理学奖的 C. V. 拉曼、印度文化科学促进会创办人普拉福拉·钱德拉·雷、苏格兰生物学家与城市学家帕特里克·盖迪斯、阿拉哈巴德农业学院的萨姆·希金博特姆，以及在 1916 年 2 月发表其归国后首次公开演说的圣雄甘地。

• Rabindranath Tagore, awarded the 1913 Nobel prize in literature, chaired Bharat Kala Bhavan from its foundation in January 1920 with his nephew Abanindranath Tagore, a pioneer of the Bengal school of painting, as vice-chairman, and the museum's later prominence was built by Rai Krishnadasa, while the Swiss-born sculptor and Indologist Alice Boner is honoured by a gallery opened in 1989 with the aid of the Alice Boner Foundation.1913 年诺贝尔文学奖得主罗宾德拉纳特·泰戈尔自 1920 年 1 月起出任巴拉特卡拉·巴万主席，其侄、孟加拉画派先驱阿巴宁德拉纳特·泰戈尔任副主席，博物馆后来的声望由 Rai Krishnadasa 累积，瑞士裔雕塑家与印度学学者 Alice Boner 则因 1989 年在其基金会协助下开设的陈列室而留名。

• Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, professor at the university and a founder of institutional laboratory science and research policy in India, composed the anthem Kulgeet, and the music faculty counts among its founders Omkarnath Thakur, who started the college of music and fine arts in 1950, Govind Malviya, vice-chancellor at the 1966 restructuring, and Prem Lata Sharma, who headed the first department of musicology in India.校内教授、印度实验科学与科研制度奠基人之一的香提·斯瓦鲁普·巴特纳加尔创作校歌库尔吉特，音乐学部的开创者还包括 1950 年创办音乐美术学院的 Omkarnath Thakur、1966 年主持改组的副校长 Govind Malviya 与执掌印度首个音乐学系的音乐学家 Prem Lata Sharma。

• The officers of the present day follow the constitutional pattern of the 1915 Act, the President of India serving as Visitor, an office held since 2022 by Droupadi Murmu, the chancellor elected by the University Court and listed as vacant, and the vice-chancellor appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Ministry of Education being Ajit Kumar Chaturvedi as of August 2025.现任校政仍循 1915 年法案的宪制安排，印度总统任大学监察官、该职自 2022 年由德劳帕迪·穆尔穆担任，校长由大学法庭选举且曾出缺，由总统依教育部建议任命的副校长至 2025 年 8 月为阿吉特·库马尔·乔杜里。

• Alok Kumar Rai, a professor at the Institute of Management Studies, went on to serve as vice-chancellor of the University of Lucknow, one of several instances in which scholars trained at the university have taken the leadership of other Indian universities, and its graduates are known in English as BHUians and in Hindi as the sons and daughters of Mahamana.管理研究所教授 Alok Kumar Rai 后出任勒克瑙大学副校长，此为该校培养的学者执掌其他印度大学的例子之一，毕业生英文自称 BHUians，印地语中则称 Mahamana 的儿女。