Baku State University

Baku State University (BSU, Azerbaijani: Bakı Dövlət Universiteti) is a public university in Baku, Azerbaijan, and with its foundation in 1919 it is the oldest and largest institution of higher education in the country.巴库国立大学（阿塞拜疆语 Bakı Dövlət Universiteti，简称 BDU）是阿塞拜疆首都巴库的一所公立大学，创办于 1919 年，是该国历史最悠久、规模最大的高等学府

It was established by the Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic on 1 September 1919, approved its charter on 29 September 1919, and began teaching on 15 November 1919 with two faculties, philology and medicine, 1,094 students and 44 teachers.该校于 1919 年 9 月 1 日由阿塞拜疆民主共和国议会设立，9 月 29 日批准章程，11 月 15 日开课，最初设语言文学与医学两个学院，有学生 1094 人、教师 44 人

The first rector was Vasily Razumovsky, a professor of surgery from Kazan University, and the university today is the only Azerbaijani institution in the international ranking tables, standing 565th in the QS World University Rankings 2027 with some 25,000 students and about 3,000 staff.首任校长为来自喀山大学的外科学教授瓦西里·拉祖莫夫斯基；如今该校是阿塞拜疆唯一进入国际主流排行榜的高校，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 565 名，全校约有 25000 名学生与 3000 名教职工

History

• On 1 September 1919 the Parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic decided to open a university in Baku, and on 29 September 1919 it approved the university charter that formally created Baku State University.1919 年 9 月 1 日，阿塞拜疆民主共和国议会决定在巴库创办一所大学，并于 1919 年 9 月 29 日批准了正式创设巴库国立大学的章程

• Teaching opened on 15 November 1919 with two faculties, philology and medicine, which together enrolled 1,094 students and employed an initial teaching staff of 44 people.该校于 1919 年 11 月 15 日开课，设语言文学与医学两个学院，共招收 1094 名学生，最初有教师 44 人

• Vasily Ivanovich Razumovsky, a well-known surgeon and professor of medicine at Kazan University, was appointed the first rector of the new institution in 1919.著名外科医生、喀山大学医学教授瓦西里·伊万诺维奇·拉祖莫夫斯基于 1919 年被任命为新学校的首任校长

• Sergey Davidenkov, a neurologist, succeeded Razumovsky as rector and led the university from 1920 to 1923 during the first years of Soviet rule in Azerbaijan.神经学家谢尔盖·达维坚科夫接替拉祖莫夫斯基出任校长，于 1920 至 1923 年间领导该校，时值阿塞拜疆建立苏维埃政权之初

• Among the leading professors of the 1920s were the Azerbaijani writer Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev and the orientalists P. K. Juze, A. O. Makovelski and A. O. Mishel.1920 年代的主要教授包括阿塞拜疆作家阿卜杜拉希姆·贝伊·哈格维尔迪耶夫，以及东方学家 P. K. Juze、A. O. Makovelski 与 A. O. Mishel

• The university invited scholars such as N. Y. Marr, V. V. Bartold and the academician Fuad bek Kuprulluzade to teach in Baku during its early decades, building up research in oriental studies.在建校初期的数十年间，该校曾邀请 N. Y. Marr、V. V. Bartold 以及东方科学院院士富阿德·贝克·库普鲁鲁扎德等学者来巴库授课，逐步充实东方学研究

• Lev Landau, who in 1962 won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on condensed matter, studied at Baku State University between 1922 and 1924.后来因凝聚态物质研究获得 1962 年诺贝尔物理学奖的列夫·朗道，曾于 1922 至 1924 年间在巴库国立大学就读

• In 1930 the Council of People's Commissars ordered the university closed as part of a nationwide reorganisation of higher education, and it was replaced by a Higher Pedagogical Institute.1930 年，人民委员会以全国性高等教育整顿为由下令关闭该校，其职能由一所高等师范学院取代

• The university was restored in 1934 and soon became the scientific and pedagogical centre of the republic, a role it kept through the following decades.1934 年该校得以恢复，并很快成为共和国的科学与人文学术中心，此后的数十年间一直保持这一地位

• During the Second World War the university suffered a severe shortage of teachers because many members of staff had been called up for military service, yet it maintained its leading position.第二次世界大战期间，由于大批教师被征召入伍，该校师资严重短缺，但仍保持了在共和国的领先地位

• In 1945 the teachers of Baku State University took an active part in founding the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, which became the republic's central research body.1945 年，巴库国立大学的教师积极参与创建阿塞拜疆科学院，该院后来成为共和国的核心科研机构

• Many of the republic's leading institutions, among them Azerbaijan Medical University, Azerbaijan State Economic University and Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, were founded on the basis of Baku State University.共和国多所重要高校，包括阿塞拜疆医科大学、阿塞拜疆国立经济大学与阿塞拜疆国立师范大学，都是在巴库国立大学的基础上创办的

• By its 40th anniversary in 1959 the university already had 13 faculties, reflecting its growth into a broad multi-disciplinary institution during the Soviet period.到 1959 年建校四十周年时，该校已设有 13 个学院，显示出其在苏联时期已发展为多学科综合大学

• The years after 1969, when the university's graduate Heydar Aliyev came to lead Azerbaijan, were a period of expansion with new faculties, departments and about 30 scientific research laboratories.1969 年之后，随着该校毕业生盖达尔·阿利耶夫开始主政阿塞拜疆，学校进入扩张期，陆续设立新学院、新系所与约 30 个科研实验室

• In 1990 the university established its Altıağac Training and Practice Base, which supports field studies in ecology, soil science and biology on land outside the capital.1990 年，该校设立了阿尔蒂阿加奇教学实习基地，在首都以外的用地上支持生态学、土壤学与生物学的野外教学

• Between 2002 and 2004 the university led the Association of Universities of Black Sea States, reflecting its active role in regional academic cooperation.2002 至 2004 年间，该校主持黑海国家大学协会的工作，显示出其在区域学术合作中的积极作用

• BSU is a member of the Association of Universities of Eurasia, which unites most universities of the former Soviet Union, and of the Caucasus University Association.巴库国立大学是欧亚大学协会的成员，该协会汇集前苏联的多数高校；它同时是高加索大学协会成员

• From the academic year 2011-2012 the university steadily expanded English-language programmes across sixteen disciplines, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, computer science and law.自 2011-2012 学年起，该校在数学、物理、化学、生物、计算机科学与法律等十六个学科中稳步扩大英语授课项目

• In 2013 the university opened the Quba Training, Experience and Recreation Centre, a facility with conference halls, laboratories and sports grounds for students and staff.2013 年，该校启用库巴教学、体验与休养中心，内设会议厅、实验室与体育场地，供师生使用

• SABAH groups, introduced in 2014-2015, provide selected students with intensive, field-specific and competitive training in modern-equipped classrooms.2014 至 2015 学年推出的 SABAH 小组，为选拔出的学生在设备先进的教室中提供密集、针对学科且竞争性强的培养

• The university's centenary in 2019 was marked in Azerbaijan and abroad, with commemorations in Vienna in September 2019 and at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris in June 2019.2019 年该校百年校庆在国内外举行，其中 2019 年 9 月在维也纳、2019 年 6 月在巴黎联合国教科文组织总部均有纪念活动

• A special medal for the university's centenary was issued by presidential decree in November 2019, and 113 people have since received it.2019 年 11 月，总统令设立了巴库国立大学百年纪念奖章，此后共有 113 人获颁该奖章

• Elchin Babayev has served as rector of Baku State University since 2019, leading the university through its centenary and the ranking rise of the mid-2020s.埃尔钦·巴巴耶夫自 2019 年起担任巴库国立大学校长，带领学校走过百年校庆，并在 2020 年代中期实现排名跃升

Academics

• Baku State University is organised into 16 faculties and about 120 departments covering the natural sciences, the humanities, the social sciences and engineering.巴库国立大学设 16 个学院与约 120 个系，涵盖自然科学、人文学科、社会科学与工程等领域

• The faculties include Mechanics and Mathematics, Applied Mathematics and Cybernetics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Ecology and Soil Sciences.其学院包括力学与数学、应用数学与控制论、物理、化学、生物，以及生态与土壤科学等学院

• Further faculties cover Geography, Geology, Philology, History, and International Relations and Economics.此外还设有地理、地质、语言文学、历史，以及国际关系与经济等学院

• The remaining faculties are Law, Journalism, Library and Information Studies, Oriental Studies, and Social Sciences and Psychology.其余学院为法律、新闻、图书情报、东方学，以及社会科学与心理学

• It offers roughly 60 bachelor's, 197 master's and 70 doctoral specialisations and organises its teaching according to the European Credit Transfer System.该校开设约 60 个本科、197 个硕士与 70 个博士专业方向，并按欧洲学分转换体系组织教学

• Teaching is available in Azerbaijani, Russian and English, and English-language programmes have been offered since the 2011-2012 academic year.教学语言包括阿塞拜疆语、俄语与英语，英语授课项目自 2011-2012 学年开始提供

• More than 25,000 students are enrolled, of whom about 1,000 come from abroad, and the university employs some 3,000 staff including about 1,500 professors.该校在校学生超过 25000 人，其中约 1000 人来自国外；全校约有 3000 名教职工，其中包括约 1500 名教授

• BSU hosts two research institutes, the Scientific Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and the Institute of Problems of Theoretical Physics.巴库国立大学设有两个研究所，即应用数学科学研究所与理论物理问题研究所

• The university also runs more than 30 research laboratories working in different branches of science, from physics and chemistry to genetics and nanotechnology.该校还运营 30 多个科研实验室，研究横跨物理、化学到遗传学与纳米技术等不同科学分支

• The Scientific Library of Baku State University, founded with the university in 1919, is the largest academic library in Azerbaijan and holds more than 2 million volumes.巴库国立大学科学图书馆与大学同创于 1919 年，是阿塞拜疆规模最大的高校图书馆，藏书逾 200 万册

• The library maintains academic exchange with 49 universities and publishing houses from 21 countries, and its 12 reading rooms and 5 subscription departments serve more than 15,000 readers.该馆与 21 个国家的 49 所高校及出版社保持学术交流，其 12 个阅览室与 5 个借阅部为 15000 多名读者服务

• The university comprises five museums, five international institutes and centres, a centre of excellence for research and innovation, and one branch campus.该校设有 5 座博物馆、5 个国际研究所与中心、一个研究创新卓越中心，以及 1 个分校

• Students take part in teaching, research and industrial internships with partner organisations including SOCAR and Coca-Cola as well as pharmaceutical companies.学生参与教学、科研与产业实习，合作单位包括国家石油公司 SOCAR、可口可乐以及多家制药企业

• BSU has signed agreements on scientific and technical cooperation and student-teacher exchange with Moscow State University, the Middle East Technical University, Indiana University, Kyiv National University and the University of Vienna, among others.该校与莫斯科国立大学、中东技术大学、印第安纳大学、基辅国立大学及维也纳大学等签署了科技合作与师生交流协议

• The university operates the Quba and Altıağac training facilities, which give students supervised field practice in ecology, soil science and biology.该校运营库巴与阿尔蒂阿加奇两处教学设施，为学生在生态学、土壤学与生物学领域提供有指导的野外实践

• Academic programmes are governed by the Constitution of Azerbaijan, the Law on Education and decrees of the Ministry of Science and Education.其学术项目受阿塞拜疆宪法、教育法及科学教育部相关法令的规范

Campus

• The main campus of Baku State University lies in the centre of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan on the Absheron Peninsula beside the Caspian Sea, at roughly 40.38 degrees north and 49.89 degrees east.巴库国立大学主校区位于阿塞拜疆首都巴库市中心，该市坐落在里海之滨的阿普歇伦半岛，坐标约为北纬 40.38 度、东经 49.89 度

• The university's Scientific Library, the largest academic library in Azerbaijan with more than 2 million volumes, forms one of the central academic facilities of the campus.该校科学图书馆是阿塞拜疆最大的高校图书馆，藏书逾 200 万册，是校园的核心学术设施之一

• The Quba Training, Experience and Recreation Centre, opened in 2013, provides students and staff with conference halls, laboratories and sports facilities away from the city.2013 年启用的库巴教学、体验与休养中心，为师生提供远离市区的会议厅、实验室与体育设施

• The Altıağac Training and Practice Base, established in 1990, supports field studies in ecology, soil science and biology on land outside the capital.建于 1990 年的阿尔蒂阿加奇教学实习基地，在首都以外的用地上支持生态学、土壤学与生物学的野外教学

• The university's five museums preserve collections used in teaching and public outreach, complementing the academic facilities of the central campus.该校的 5 座博物馆保存着用于教学与公众教育的各类藏品，与中心校区的学术设施互为补充

• BSU has one branch campus in addition to the main site in Baku, extending its teaching beyond the capital.除巴库主校区外，巴库国立大学还设有 1 个分校，把教学延伸至首都以外

• Because Baku grew rapidly during the oil boom of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the university's buildings sit within a dense and historic city centre.由于巴库在 19 世纪末与 20 世纪的石油繁荣中迅速扩张，该校的建筑群坐落于密集而历史悠久的市中心

• The campus is served by the city's public transport and lies within a short distance of the waterfront boulevard and the old walled city of Icherisheher, a UNESCO World Heritage site.校区由城市公共交通连接，距离海滨大道与古城伊切里谢赫尔都不远，后者为联合国教科文组织世界遗产

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Baku State University is placed 565th in the world, a rise of 123 positions from the previous year and the best result in Azerbaijan and the South Caucasus.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，巴库国立大学位列世界第 565 名，较上一年上升 123 位，为阿塞拜疆乃至南高加索地区的最佳成绩

• BSU is the only university from Azerbaijan that is ranked by international ranking organisations, a position it has held for several years.巴库国立大学是阿塞拜疆唯一被国际排名机构收录的高校，这一地位已保持多年

• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 the university appears in the 1601-1800 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位于 1601 至 1800 区间

• The university was not entered in the US News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027.该校未进入 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名

• It was likewise not entered in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.该校亦未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名

• In the QS World University Rankings 2025 the university stood in the 951-1000 band, having climbed 179 places and secured the top spot in the country.在 2025 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位于 951 至 1000 区间，较前一年跃升 179 位并位居全国首位

• In the same 2025 QS exercise the university ranked 373rd globally for faculty-to-student ratio and 271st in the employability indicator.在同一次 2025 年 QS 评估中，该校的师生比指标位列全球第 373 名，就业力指标位列第 271 名

• OpenAlex attributes to the university roughly 8,600 scholarly works and about 88,000 citations across all disciplines.OpenAlex 把约 8600 项学术成果与约 88000 次引用归于该校，涵盖全部学科

• The university presents itself as a leading scientific and educational centre of Azerbaijan whose research spans both theoretical and applied sciences.该校自视为阿塞拜疆重要的科学与教育中心，其研究兼顾理论科学与应用科学

• Its long-standing scientific schools in mathematics, physics, chemistry and oriental studies have supplied much of the republic's academic elite.其在数学、物理、化学与东方学等领域积淀深厚的学术传统，为共和国输送了大批学术精英

Student life

• Baku State University has no widely adopted formal motto, and its identity rests on its founding in 1919 and its role as the republic's first university.巴库国立大学没有广为采用的正式校训，其身份认同依托于 1919 年的建校以及作为共和国第一所大学的地位

• Students are taught in Azerbaijani, Russian and English and take part in internships and research projects with the university's partner institutions.学生以阿塞拜疆语、俄语与英语接受教学，并参与学校合作单位的实习与科研项目

• The SABAH groups, set up in 2014-2015, give selected undergraduates field-specific and competitive training in modern-equipped classrooms.2014 至 2015 学年设立的 SABAH 小组，在设备先进的教室中为选拔出的本科生提供针对学科且竞争性强的培养

• The university library system, with its 12 reading rooms, serves more than 15,000 students and teachers and acts as a social and intellectual hub.该校图书馆系统设有 12 个阅览室，为 15000 多名师生服务，是学习与交流的重要场所

• Students can use the Quba centre's conference halls, laboratories and sports facilities for field training and recreation.学生可利用库巴中心的会议厅、实验室与体育设施进行野外实训与休憩

• Teaching, research and industrial internships are organised at faculty level with pre-identified research and industry sites such as SOCAR and Coca-Cola.教学、科研与产业实习按学院层面组织，与 SOCAR、可口可乐等事先确定的科研及产业基地对接

• Many students come from outside Baku and from abroad, with about 1,000 international students studying at the university.许多学生来自巴库以外乃至国外，该校约有 1000 名国际学生就读

• The Altıağac base supports student field studies in ecology, soil science and biology, combining classroom work with outdoor practice.阿尔蒂阿加奇基地支持学生在生态学、土壤学与生物学领域开展野外学习，把课堂学习与户外实践结合起来

• Because the university sits in the heart of Baku, students combine their studies with the cultural life of the capital on the Caspian Sea.由于校址位于巴库市中心，学生得以将学业与这座里海之滨首都的文化生活结合起来

Notable people

• Vasily Razumovsky, a professor of surgery from Kazan University, was the first rector of Baku State University after its foundation in 1919.来自喀山大学的外科学教授瓦西里·拉祖莫夫斯基是巴库国立大学 1919 年建校后的首任校长

• Sergey Davidenkov, a neurologist, served as the university's second rector from 1920 to 1923.神经学家谢尔盖·达维坚科夫于 1920 至 1923 年间担任该校第二任校长

• Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev, the Azerbaijani writer and playwright, was among the university's leading professors in the 1920s.阿塞拜疆作家与剧作家阿卜杜拉希姆·贝伊·哈格维尔迪耶夫是该校 1920 年代的主要教授之一

• Lev Landau, who studied at Baku State University in 1922-1924, went on to win the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on condensed matter.列夫·朗道曾于 1922 至 1924 年在巴库国立大学就读，后因凝聚态物质研究获得 1962 年诺贝尔物理学奖

• Heydar Aliyev, the third President of Azerbaijan who led the country for more than thirty years, graduated from the university's Faculty of History.主政阿塞拜疆三十余年的第三任总统盖达尔·阿利耶夫毕业于该校历史学院

• Abulfaz Elchibey, the second President of Azerbaijan, graduated from the Faculty of Arabic Language and Literature at Baku State University.阿塞拜疆第二任总统阿布法兹·埃尔奇贝伊毕业于巴库国立大学阿拉伯语言文学学院

• Mikayil Jabbarov, Azerbaijan's Minister of Economy, is a graduate of the university.阿塞拜疆经济部长米卡伊尔·贾巴罗夫是该校毕业生

• Ali Omarov, a graduate, served as Prosecutor General of the Republic of Azerbaijan.该校毕业生阿里·奥马罗夫曾任阿塞拜疆共和国总检察长

• Aslan Aslanov, another graduate, became Director General of the Azerbaijan State Telegraph Agency (AZERTAC).另一位毕业生阿斯兰·阿斯拉诺夫曾出任阿塞拜疆国家通讯社（AZERTAC）社长

• Alik Ismail-Zadeh, a mathematical geophysicist, studied at the university and has held posts in international geoscience bodies.数学地球物理学家阿利克·伊斯梅尔-扎德毕业于该校，并曾在多个国际地球科学机构任职

• Intigam Aliyev, a human rights lawyer and graduate, has been recognised internationally for his work on legal rights in Azerbaijan.人权律师因蒂甘·阿利耶夫是该校毕业生，因在阿塞拜疆推动法律权利而获得国际关注

• The historian Arif Yunus, a specialist on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and on Azerbaijan's political history, graduated from the university.研究纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫冲突与阿塞拜疆政治史的学者阿里夫·尤努斯毕业于该校

• Among other notable graduates are the journalist Rauf Mirgadirov and the nuclear scientist Bakhtiyar Sirajov.其他知名校友还包括记者拉乌夫·米尔加迪罗夫与核科学家巴赫季亚尔·西拉乔夫