Anna Becker

Anna Becker (born 21 April 1973) is an Israeli artificial intelligence researcher and financial technology entrepreneur who co-founded and leads the crypto trading platform EndoTech.安娜·贝克尔（1973 年 4 月 21 日生）是以色列人工智能研究者与金融科技创业者，联合创办并领导加密资产交易平台 EndoTech。

She earlier founded the automated trading company Strategy Runner, which the broker MF Global bought in 2011, and she has since become a regular press commentator on crypto markets and on machine learning in investing.她更早创办了自动交易公司 Strategy Runner，该公司 2011 年由经纪商 MF Global 收购；此后她经常在媒体上评论加密市场以及机器学习在投资中的运用。

Biography

• Becker was born in Russia on 21 April 1973 and moved to Israel as a teenager, according to published profiles of her career.据公开的职业简历，贝克尔 1973 年 4 月 21 日生于俄罗斯，少年时期移居以色列。
• Earlier profiles say she finished school in Moscow at 16 and entered the Technion at 17.较早的简历称她 16 岁在莫斯科读完中学，17 岁进入以色列理工学院。
• A 2021 interview with BBN Times puts the sequence differently, saying she held a mathematics degree at 16 and finished a master's degree at 19.2021 年接受「BBN Times」采访时给出的说法略有不同：她 16 岁已取得数学学位，19 岁完成硕士学业。
• The same interview dates her interest in artificial intelligence to 1989, when her brother took her to a laboratory and she encountered ideas about immortality and about using computers to improve human life.同一次访谈把她的兴趣起点定在 1989 年：哥哥带她去了一间实验室，她在那里听到关于永生以及用计算机改善人类生活的说法。
• While studying for her master's she taught first-year students in the same course, a detail repeated in several short profiles of her.攻读硕士期间，她曾为同一门课的一年级学生授课，这一点在她的多份简短简历中都有记载。
• She took her doctorate in computer science and artificial intelligence at the Technion, one of Israel's leading engineering universities.她在以色列理工学院取得计算机科学与人工智能博士学位，该校是以色列主要的工科院校之一。
• One profile says she finished the doctorate at 27, which would place it around 2000.一份简历称她 27 岁完成博士学业，照此推算约在 2000 年。
• In 2001 she started Strategy Runner, a platform that let traders automate strategies and distribute them to clients.2001 年她创办 Strategy Runner，这一平台让交易者把策略自动化并分发给客户。
• By 2002 she was its chief executive, working with the CME, the CBOT, futures commission merchants and other participants in the futures and commodities industry to promote algorithmic trading among retail and institutional clients.到 2002 年，她已出任该公司首席执行官，与芝加哥商业交易所、芝加哥期货交易所、期货佣金商以及期货与商品行业的其他参与者合作，向散户与机构客户推广算法交易。
• The product paired an advanced charting package with a strategy exchange, from which a retail trader could pick among hundreds of strategies, mainly for futures.该产品把高级图表工具与策略交易平台结合起来，散户可以从中挑选数以百计的策略，且以期货策略为主。
• It covered futures, foreign exchange and contracts for difference in markets around the world.它覆盖全球市场上的期货、外汇与差价合约交易。
• In the BBN Times interview she said the firm reached more than 10,000 clients and hundreds of developers and was based on the Chicago and London exchanges.她在「BBN Times」访谈中说，这家公司客户超过 1 万名、开发者数以百计，并以芝加哥与伦敦的交易所为依托。
• MF Global Holdings, a broker-dealer listed in New York, announced on 17 October 2011 that it had acquired Strategy Runner Trading Ltd for $3.75 million.在纽约上市的经纪商 MF Global Holdings 于 2011 年 10 月 17 日宣布，以 375 万美元收购 Strategy Runner Trading Ltd。
• MF Global said the purchase supported its plan to build a multi-asset, multi-currency electronic trading platform for retail investors and professional traders.MF Global 表示，这笔收购支持其打造面向散户与专业交易者的多资产、多币种电子交易平台的计划。
• The broker described Strategy Runner as a multi-asset front-end trading system and algorithmic toolset that let clients access, automate, distribute and implement trading strategies.这家经纪商把 Strategy Runner 描述为多资产前端交易系统与算法工具集，让客户能够接入、自动化、分发并执行交易策略。
• After the sale she founded EndoTech, which its own site calls an AI-driven automated trading service and the first true software-as-a-service product in that field.出售公司之后，她创办了 EndoTech；该公司官网称其为人工智能驱动的自动交易服务，并称其为该领域第一个真正的软件即服务产品。
• EndoTech's strategies have run live in crypto markets since 2017, when the company says it spun the trading technology out of Strategy Runner.EndoTech 的策略自 2017 年起在加密市场实盘运行，公司称当年把交易技术从 Strategy Runner 分拆出来。
• Its team page says her deep-learning algorithms have managed close to a billion dollars and have handled institutional money for more than a decade, including for the Gilboa fund of funds.公司团队页称，她的深度学习算法管理过近十亿美元资产，十多年来打理机构资金，其中包括 Gilboa 母基金。
• Company material also claims that its systems run at more than 150 investment firms across the United States, Europe and Asia, a figure that has not been independently verified.公司材料还称，其系统在美国、欧洲与亚洲 150 多家投资机构运行，这一数字未获独立核实。
• EndoTech presents its model as one in which clients keep custody of their coins in their own exchange accounts while algorithms trade on their behalf.EndoTech 把自身模式描述为客户把币留在自己的交易所账户中托管，由算法代为交易。
• A sponsored feature in Us Weekly in 2021 said EndoTech had added more than 160,000 accounts in a year and repeated company figures of annual returns between 50 and 3,000 per cent for that year.2021 年「Us Weekly」的一篇付费专题称，EndoTech 一年内新增逾 16 万个账户，并复述公司给出的当年年度回报率介于 50% 与 3000% 之间。
• Those returns are marketing figures rather than audited results, and the same article carried a disclaimer that past performance does not guarantee future results.这些回报属于宣传口径而非经审计业绩，同一篇文章也附有「过往业绩不保证未来结果」的免责声明。
• In September 2022 she told London's Evening Standard that the Ethereum merge could either open a new era for the industry or run into stumbling blocks.2022 年 9 月，她对伦敦《标准晚报》表示，以太坊合并既可能为行业开启新阶段，也可能遇到阻碍。
• She argued that Ethereum is the infrastructure for many companies' blockchains, so a failed transition would be troublesome for the whole industry.她认为以太坊是许多公司区块链的基础设施，一旦转换失败，整个行业都会陷入麻烦。
• In the same article she called Ethereum the new hope of the market and said cryptocurrency could become a currency for everyday use.她在同一篇报道中称以太坊是市场的新希望，并说加密资产有可能成为日常使用的货币。

Research

• Her research background is in computer science and artificial intelligence, and her later commercial work applies machine learning to trading and risk.她的研究背景是计算机科学与人工智能，后来的商业工作则把机器学习用于交易与风险控制。
• Short profiles credit her student work with a factor-two approximation algorithm that later found use in operating systems, database systems and very-large-scale integrated circuit design.简短简历称，她学生时期的工作给出了一种近似比为 2 的近似算法，后来被用于操作系统、数据库系统与超大规模集成电路设计。
• The same profiles say the underlying problem had been open for more than twenty years, although no peer-reviewed record of the result appears in the sources reviewed.同一批简历还说，该问题此前已悬置二十余年，但在本次查阅的来源中没有找到同行评议的记录。
• Her most substantial publication is a French-language textbook on Bayesian networks, written with four co-authors for the publisher Eyrolles.她最具分量的出版物是一部法文贝叶斯网络教材，由她与四位合作者共同为 Eyrolles 出版社撰写。
• The second edition appeared in 2004, ran to 316 pages, and carried the names Patrick Naïm, Pierre-Henri Wuillemin, Philippe Leray, Olivier Pourret and Becker.该书第二版于 2004 年出版，共 316 页，署名者为 Patrick Naïm、Pierre-Henri Wuillemin、Philippe Leray、Olivier Pourret 以及贝克尔。^[1]
• The publisher presents Bayesian networks as models of uncertain knowledge used for decision support, diagnosis and the control of complex systems.出版方把贝叶斯网络介绍为处理不确定知识的模型，用于决策支持、诊断与复杂系统的控制。
• Her applied work sits in machine learning for markets, where EndoTech says it builds volatility strategies meant to produce returns uncorrelated with broad asset classes.她的应用工作属于面向市场的机器学习，EndoTech 称其构建波动率策略，追求与大类资产不相关的回报。
• The company says the algorithms look for tactical breakouts and execute trades automatically instead of waiting on buy-and-hold positions.公司称这些算法寻找战术性突破并自动执行交易，而不是依赖买入持有的仓位。
• In the 2021 interview she argued that crypto is not yet an efficient market, so an active approach beats buy-and-hold, and she suggested a portfolio weight of 5 to 10 per cent.在 2021 年的访谈中，她认为加密市场尚未达到有效市场状态，因此主动策略优于买入持有，并建议组合配置比例为 5% 至 10%。
• She drew a general lesson from her AI career: execution, more than an elegant model, is what delivers value to a business.她从自己的人工智能生涯中总结出一条经验：真正为业务创造价值的是执行，而不是模型本身是否优雅。
• EndoTech's biography adds that she applies AI modelling to medical longevity research as well as to markets.EndoTech 的简历还称，除市场之外，她也把人工智能建模用于医学长寿研究。
• She has said that responsible innovation and ethical use of AI are conditions for the institutional trust her firm depends on.她曾表示，负责任地创新与合乎伦理地使用人工智能，是她公司所依赖的机构信任的前提。

Awards

• Company biographies instead emphasise three credentials: the Technion doctorate, the sale of Strategy Runner and the institutional use of her algorithms.公司简历转而强调三项资历：以色列理工学院的博士学位、Strategy Runner 的出售，以及她的算法在机构中的使用。
• The most concrete commercial milestone is the 2011 sale, when a New York-listed broker paid $3.75 million for Strategy Runner.最具体的商业里程碑是 2011 年的出售：一家在纽约上市的经纪商以 375 万美元买下 Strategy Runner。
• EndoTech's news page records interviews and commentary by her in Forbes, Nasdaq, American Banker, VentureBeat and CoinDesk, among other outlets.EndoTech 的新闻页记录了她接受「Forbes」「Nasdaq」「American Banker」「VentureBeat」「CoinDesk」等媒体采访并发表评论。
• Those appearances amount to media recognition rather than prizes, and the company page links to summaries it wrote rather than to the original articles.这些露面属于媒体层面的认可而非奖项，且该新闻页链接的是公司自己撰写的摘要，而非原文。
• Company material describes her as a speaker at industry conferences and academic forums, without listing specific events.公司材料称她是行业会议与学术论坛的演讲者，但没有列出具体活动。

Personal life

• Her brother took her into a laboratory in 1989.她的哥哥在 1989 年带她走进实验室。
• She describes herself as a concert pianist by passion, an interest company biographies mention beside her research.她称自己是出于热爱的音乐会钢琴演奏者，公司简历把这一爱好与她的研究并列提及。
• She keeps a personal website with a short biography and news updates, and otherwise says little in public about private life.她维护着一个个人网站，上面有简短传记与动态更新；除此之外，她对私人生活很少公开谈及。
• Her co-founder at EndoTech is Dmitry Gooshchin, the company's chief operating officer, and the two had worked together at Strategy Runner.EndoTech 的联合创始人是该公司首席运营官 Dmitry Gooshchin，两人此前也曾在 Strategy Runner 共事。
• Her working life has spanned Israel and the international futures and crypto markets, with the Technion as the institutional anchor of her training.她的职业经历横跨以色列与国际期货、加密市场，以色列理工学院则是其学术训练的依托。
• The English Wikipedia article headed Anna Becker describes a different person, the correspondence chess grandmaster Dmitry Gooshchin, and was not used as a source here.英文维基百科题为 Anna Becker 的条目写的是另一个人，即通信国际象棋特级大师 Dmitry Gooshchin，本条目未把它当作来源。