American Society of Parasitologists

The American Society of Parasitologists is a scientific society founded in 1924, comprising about 500 scientists from academia, industry and government involved in the study and teaching of parasitology.美国寄生生物学家学会是成立于 1924 年的科学团体，由约 500 名来自学术界、产业界与政府、从事寄生生物学研究与教学的科学家组成。

Its members contribute both to the development of parasitology as a discipline and to primary research in behaviour, biochemistry, ecology, immunology, medicine, molecular biology, physiology and systematics.其成员既为寄生生物学作为一门学科的发展作出贡献，也从事行为学、生物化学、生态学、免疫学、医学、分子生物学、生理学与系统学方面的原创研究。

History

• The society was founded in 1924.该学会成立于 1924 年。
• It has grown into a body of about 500 scientists drawn from academia, industry and government.它已发展为由学术界、产业界与政府部门约 500 名科学家组成的团体。
• Its members study and teach the scientific discipline of parasitology.其成员从事寄生生物学这门学科的研究与教学。
• One of its notable members was William C. Campbell, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.其著名会员之一是 William C. Campbell，他于 2015 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• Its 101st annual meeting was held in Orlando, Florida, over four days in late July at a hotel venue.其第 101 届年会于 7 月下旬在佛罗里达州奥兰多的一家酒店会场举行，会期四天。
• The society has maintained an unbroken sequence of annual meetings, which is why the numbering has reached three figures.该学会连续举办年会而未中断，这正是其届数已达三位数的原因。
• It has long published its own peer-reviewed journal alongside its meetings.长期以来，它在举办会议之外还出版自己的同行评审期刊。
• Its regional affiliates have their own histories and continue to hold separate annual meetings.其各地区分支有自己的历史，并持续单独举办年度会议。
• The society maintains relations with sister societies abroad through shared membership and scientific exchange.该学会通过共享会员与学术交流，与海外同类学会保持联系。

Mission and activities

• Its mission is to improve understanding of parasites, parasitic diseases and parasitism on a global basis, and to disseminate that knowledge worldwide.其使命是在全球范围内增进对寄生虫、寄生虫病与寄生现象的理解，并把这一知识传播到全世界。
• The society pursues that mission by providing opportunities for scientists to publish original findings in its journal.学会通过为科学家提供在其期刊上发表原创发现的机会来实现这一使命。
• That journal is the Journal of Parasitology, a bimonthly peer-reviewed publication.该期刊为《寄生生物学杂志》，是双月出版的同行评审刊物。
• It also provides opportunities to present and discuss new information at the society's annual meeting.它还为在学会年会上展示与讨论新信息提供机会。
• Further channels include the society's newsletter, its public advocacy network and discussion groups on the internet.其他渠道还包括学会通讯、公共倡导网络以及互联网上的讨论组。
• It aims to educate parasitologists through its website and through other educational media it produces.它旨在通过其网站以及它所制作的其他教育媒体来教育寄生生物学家。
• To remain a strong focus of scientific exchange across the discipline, it actively seeks and supports new research areas and new members.为了继续作为整个学科科学交流的重要枢纽，它积极寻找并支持新的研究领域与新会员。
• It also works to retain current members and to encourage the continued existence of highly specialised areas of parasitology research.它还努力留住现有会员，并鼓励寄生生物学中高度专业化的研究领域持续存在。
• The society notes that parasitism is the most common form of existence.该学会指出，寄生是自然界中最普遍的一种生存方式。
• It observes that parasites and the diseases they cause affect the health, development and evolution of free-living animals and plants.它指出，寄生虫及其引发的疾病会影响自由生活动植物的健康、发育与演化。
• It therefore seeks to foster the advancement of knowledge in all areas of parasitism.因此它力求推动寄生现象各个方面的知识进步。
• It also disseminates that knowledge to all who need it, through outreach with educational systems, governmental agencies and public and private bodies.它还通过与教育系统、政府机构以及公私机构的推广合作，把知识传播给所有需要者。
• Its conferences and publications serve both established researchers and the educators who teach parasitology.其会议与出版物既服务资深研究者，也服务讲授寄生生物学的教育工作者。

Organization and governance

• The society is a national scientific body with elected officers, including a secretary-treasurer and a president.该学会是全国性科学团体，设有经选举产生的负责人，包括秘书兼司库与主席。
• It has a committee structure that includes a public relations committee responsible for its website.它设有委员会体系，其中包括负责其网站的公共关系委员会。
• Its regional affiliates are the Annual Midwestern Conference of Parasitologists, the Helminthological Society of Washington, Northern California Parasitologists and the New England Association of Parasitologists.其地区分支包括寄生生物学家中西部年会、华盛顿蠕虫学会、北加州寄生生物学家组织与新英格兰寄生生物学家协会。
• They also include the Rocky Mountain Conference of Parasitologists, the Southern California Society of Parasitologists, the Southeastern Society of Parasitologists and the Southwestern Association of Parasitologists.此外还包括落基山寄生生物学家会议、南加州寄生生物学家学会、东南寄生生物学家学会与西南寄生生物学家协会。
• Each affiliate has its own members, leadership structure and annual meetings, so the society functions as a national umbrella rather than a single unified body.各分支各自拥有会员、领导架构与年度会议，因此该学会实际上是全国性的伞式组织，而非单一统一的机构。
• Its annual meeting serves as both its scientific congress and its principal business gathering, and its programme includes symposia, contributed papers and student presentations.其年会既是学术大会，也是主要的会务场合，其日程包括专题讨论会、投稿报告与学生报告。

Membership and funding

• Membership is drawn from academia, industry and government, and stands at about 500 scientists.其会员来自学术界、产业界与政府，约有 500 名科学家。
• Members pay dues and receive access to the society's journal and its other communications.会员缴纳会费，并获得学会期刊及其他通讯的使用权。
• The society is financed through memberships, its journal and its annual meeting rather than by public appropriation.学会的经费来自会员、期刊与年会，而非公共拨款。
• It offers student research grants and travel awards to encourage early-career participation.它提供学生研究资助与差旅奖，以鼓励早期职业阶段的参与。
• Its membership benefits include careers information covering agriculture, aquaculture and veterinary medical parasitology.其会员权益包括涵盖农业、水产养殖与兽医寄生生物学的职业信息。
• Those benefits also cover wildlife and fisheries parasitology, ecological and systematic parasitology, biochemistry and molecular biology, and immunoparasitology.这些权益还涵盖野生动植物与渔业寄生生物学、生态与系统寄生生物学、生物化学与分子生物学，以及免疫寄生生物学。

Reception

• The society's most cited recent honour is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine awarded in 2015 to a member, William C. Campbell.该学会近年最受关注的荣誉，是其会员 William C. Campbell 于 2015 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• Its journal has been the discipline's main venue for original findings for decades.数十年来，其期刊一直是该学科发表原创发现的主要平台。
• Its eight regional affiliates give North American parasitologists access to local meetings as well as the national one.其八个地区分支使北美寄生生物学家既可就近参加地区会议，也能参加全国会议。
• Its explicit commitment to supporting highly specialised research areas is notable, since such areas often lose funding as fields consolidate.其公开承诺支持高度专业化的研究领域值得注意，因为这类领域常随学科整合而失去经费。
• Its mission statement frames parasitism as the most common form of existence, a claim that shapes how it argues for the discipline's importance in teaching, policy and public understanding, and its eight regional affiliates hold their own meetings across North America each year.其使命陈述把寄生视为最普遍的生存方式，这一主张塑造了它论证本学科在教学、政策与公众认知中重要性的方式；其八个地区分支每年在北美各地自行举办会议。
• Its outreach work with educational systems and public agencies extends the discipline's reach beyond research institutions.其与教育系统和公共机构的推广工作，把该学科的影响扩展到研究机构之外。
• Its long unbroken series of annual meetings, now past a hundred, indicates unusual institutional continuity for a field society of this size.其连续未断、现已超过一百届的年会，显示这一规模的领域学会拥有不寻常的机构延续性。
• Because it relies on dues, its journal and its meeting, its independence from government funding also limits its resources.由于它依赖会费、期刊与会议，其相对政府资助的独立性也意味着资源规模有限。

Notable people

• William C. Campbell, a member of the society, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.学会会员 William C. Campbell 于 2015 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• The society periodically recognises a distinguished parasitologist through its Eminent Parasitologist Lectureship Award.学会通过「杰出寄生生物学家讲座奖」不定期表彰杰出学者。
• The Henry Baldwin Ward Medal is among its senior honours for contributions to the discipline.「Henry Baldwin Ward 奖章」是其表彰对本学科贡献的资深荣誉之一。
• Its Ashton Cuckler New Investigator Award recognises scientists early in their careers.其「Ashton Cuckler 新研究者奖」表彰处于职业早期的科学家。
• The Clark P. Read Mentor Award recognises excellence in mentoring, and the Distinguished Service Award recognises service to the society.「Clark P. Read 导师奖」表彰卓越的指导工作，「杰出服务奖」则表彰对学会的服务。
• Its lecturerships, including the Bueding and von Brand, Stoll-Stunkard and R. Barclay McGhee memorial lectures, carry named legacies in parasitology.其讲座系列，包括 Bueding 与 von Brand、Stoll-Stunkard 以及 R. Barclay McGhee 纪念讲座，承载着寄生生物学中的具名传承。
• Its Marc Dresden Student Travel Award and Student Research Grants support participation by students and early-career researchers.其「Marc Dresden 学生差旅奖」与「学生研究资助」支持学生与早期职业研究者参与。
• The society's journal publishes original findings across behaviour, biochemistry, ecology, immunology, medicine, molecular biology, physiology and systematics.其期刊发表行为学、生物化学、生态学、免疫学、医学、分子生物学、生理学与系统学方面的原创发现。
• Its annual meeting programme includes symposia, contributed papers and student presentations, with deadlines set months in advance for proposals and abstracts.其年会日程包括专题讨论会、投稿报告与学生报告，提案与摘要的截止日期提前数月设定。
• It maintains a category of special members alongside its ordinary membership.除普通会员外，它还设有「特别会员」类别。
• Its public advocacy network gives members a channel to speak to policymakers about parasitology and parasitic disease.其公共倡导网络为会员提供了就寄生生物学与寄生虫病向决策者发声的渠道。
• Its website lists parasite museums and parasite images as educational resources.其网站列出寄生虫博物馆与寄生虫图像，作为教育资源。
• It publishes a newsletter in addition to its journal, giving the society a lighter and more frequent form of communication.除期刊外，它还出版通讯，为学会提供更轻便、更频繁的沟通形式。
• Its eight regional affiliates hold their own meetings, which means parasitologists in North America can attend events at two levels.其八个地区分支各自举办会议，这意味着北美的寄生生物学家可在两个层级上参会。
• Affiliates such as the Helminthological Society of Washington have their own separate histories and traditions within the discipline.诸如华盛顿蠕虫学会这样的分支，在该学科内有自身独立的历史与传统。
• It describes its members as involved in both the study and the teaching of parasitology, which shapes its education work.它把会员描述为既从事寄生生物学研究、也从事教学，这塑造了其教育工作。
• Its long list of named lectureships indicates how many distinct sub-fields the society considers worth honouring, from ecology and systematics to immunology and molecular biology, and each carries a named legacy.其冗长的具名讲座名单，显示出该学会认为有多少不同子领域值得表彰，从生态学与系统学到免疫学与分子生物学，且每一讲座都承载一份具名传承。
• Because parasitism affects free-living species as well as humans, the society's scientific scope extends to wildlife, fisheries and agriculture, and its careers advice reflects those applications.由于寄生现象既影响人类也影响自由生活的物种，该学会的科学范围延伸到野生动植物、渔业与农业，其职业建议也反映出这些应用方向。
• Its educational resources are aimed at parasitology educators as well as researchers, which is why it lists teaching materials and images alongside research content, and the society maintains a members-only area on its website in addition to its public pages.其教育资源既面向寄生生物学教育工作者，也面向研究者，因此它在研究内容之外还列出教学材料与图像；除公开页面外，该学会还在其网站设有会员专区。
• Its public relations committee maintains the website, a sign that communication work is carried out by members rather than paid staff, and its programme for the most recent meeting included a call for papers with deadlines spread across four months, so that members could plan submissions well in advance.其公共关系委员会负责维护网站，这表明传播工作由会员而非受薪人员承担；其最近一次会议的安排包含论文征集，截止日期分布于四个月之间，使会员得以提前充分规划投稿。