Aligarh Muslim University

Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is an Indian collegiate, public and research university in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 and raised to university status by the Aligarh Muslim University Act of 1920.阿里格尔穆斯林大学（Aligarh Muslim University，AMU）是印度北方邦阿里格尔的一所学院制公立研究型大学，由赛义德·艾哈迈德·汗爵士于 1875 年以「穆罕默德盎格鲁-东方学院」之名创办，1920 年依《阿里格尔穆斯林大学法》升格为大学。

It is an Institute of National Importance listed in the Union List under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, with 13 faculties, 7 colleges and about 39,400 students.该校是列入印度宪法第七附表联邦清单的「国家重要机构」，设有 13 个学科部、7 所附属学院，约有 39,400 名学生。

It is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, the 651-700 band of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, 701st in the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 and the 801-900 band of the Shanghai ARWU 2026.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1001-1200 区间，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名位列 651-700 区间，US News 2026-2027 年度全球最佳大学排名第 701 位，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名位列 801-900 区间。

History

• The university has its roots in the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, established in 1875 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, which began to function on 24 May 1875 in Aligarh.该校前身为赛义德·艾哈迈德·汗爵士于 1875 年创办的穆罕默德盎格鲁-东方学院，该学院于 1875 年 5 月 24 日在阿里格尔开始运作。
• The movement associated with Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, known as the Aligarh Movement, pushed to establish a modern education system for the Indian Muslim population.与赛义德·艾哈迈德·汗相关联的「阿里格尔运动」致力于为印度穆斯林民众建立现代教育体系。
• Khan's vision for the college was based on his visits to Oxford and Cambridge, and he wanted to build an education system modelled on the British pattern.汗对学院的构想源于其牛津与剑桥之行，他希望建立一套仿照英国模式的教育体系。
• A foundation committee asked people to fund the college generously, and the Viceroy Thomas Baring gave 10,000 rupees while the Lieutenant Governor of the North Western Provinces contributed 1,000.一个建校委员会号召各界踊跃捐资，总督托马斯·巴林捐出 1 万卢比，西北诸省副总督捐出 1,000 卢比。
• By March 1874 the funds for the college stood at 1,53,920 rupees and 8 annas, with the Maharaja of Patiala giving 58,000 and the Raja of Benaras 60,000.到 1874 年 3 月，学院经费已达 153,920 卢比 8 安那，其中帕蒂亚拉大君捐 58,000，贝拿勒斯土王捐 60,000。
• The seventh Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Osman Ali Khan, made a notable donation of 5,00,000 rupees to the institution in 1918.海得拉巴第七代尼查姆米尔·奥斯曼·阿里·汗于 1918 年向该校捐出 50 万卢比巨款。
• The college was initially affiliated to the University of Calcutta for the matriculate examination but became an affiliate of Allahabad University in 1885.学院最初为参加入学考试而隶属于加尔各答大学，1885 年转而隶属阿拉哈巴德大学。
• Around 1900 the Muslim University Association was formed to transform the college into a university, and when the Government of India required thirty lakh rupees the Muslim University Foundation Committee collected the sum.约 1900 年成立穆斯林大学协会，推动学院升格为大学，在印度政府要求筹集 300 万卢比后，穆斯林大学建校委员会募集了这笔款项。
• Mohammad Ali Mohammad Khan and Aga Khan III helped realise the idea by collecting funds for building the university.穆罕默德·阿里·穆罕默德·汗与阿迦汗三世通过为建校募资促成了这一构想。
• With the MAO College as its nucleus, Aligarh Muslim University was established by the Aligarh Muslim University Act, 1920.以穆罕默德盎格鲁-东方学院为核心，阿里格尔穆斯林大学于 1920 年依《阿里格尔穆斯林大学法》成立。
• In 1927 the Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged was established and the Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College of unani medicine was founded, with its hospital following in 1932.1927 年成立艾哈迈迪视障学校与阿吉马尔·汗尤纳尼医学院，其附属医院于 1932 年建成。
• In the following year a medical school was attached to the university, and in 1962 the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital was established as part of it.次年一所医学院附设于该校，1962 年又设立贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁医学院及其附属医院。
• In 1935 the Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology was established as a constituent of the university.1935 年扎基尔·侯赛因工程技术学院作为该校的组成单位成立。
• Before 1939 faculty and students supported an all-India nationalist movement, but after 1939 political sentiment shifted towards a Muslim separatist movement and the university became a centre of the Pakistan Movement under Muhammad Ali Jinnah.1939 年以前师生支持全印民族主义运动，1939 年后政治倾向转向穆斯林分离运动，该校遂在穆罕默德·阿里·真纳影响下成为巴基斯坦运动的中心。
• Sheikh Abdullah, known as Papa Mian, founded the Women's College and pressed for women's education, publishing a monthly women's magazine, Khatoon.被称作「帕帕·米安」的谢赫·阿卜杜拉创办了女子学院并力主女性教育，还出版了女性月刊《哈通》。
• On 19 October 1906 he started a girls' school with five students and one teacher in rented premises in Aligarh, supported by a grant of 100 rupees a month from the Begum of Bhopal.1906 年 10 月 19 日，他在阿里格尔租借场地创办了一所女校，仅有 5 名学生与 1 名教师，并获博帕尔 Begum 每月 100 卢比的资助。
• The foundation stone of the girls' hostel was laid on 7 November 1911 by Sheikh Abdullah and his wife Waheed Jahan Begum, known as Ala Bi, and a high school followed in 1921, becoming a constituent undergraduate college in 1937.1911 年 11 月 7 日，谢赫·阿卜杜拉与其妻、人称「阿拉·比」的瓦希德·贾汉·贝古姆为女生宿舍奠基，1921 年又办起中学，1937 年成为该校的本科组成学院。
• His daughter Mumtaz Jahan Haider served as principal of the women's college, during whose tenure Maulana Abul Kalam Azad visited and offered a grant of 9,00,000 rupees.其女穆姆塔兹·贾汉·海德尔曾任女子学院院长，任内毛拉纳·阿布·卡拉姆·阿扎德来访并提供 90 万卢比资助。
• In 1967 a constitution bench of the Supreme Court held that the university was not a minority educational institution protected under the Indian constitution.1967 年印度最高法院宪法法庭裁定该校不属于受宪法保护的少数族群教育机构。
• In 1981 the Aligarh Muslim University Act was amended, and in 2006 the Allahabad High Court struck down the provision according minority status, a decision the government declined to appeal in April 2016.1981 年《阿里格尔穆斯林大学法》被修订，2006 年阿拉哈巴德高等法院推翻了给予少数族群地位的相关条款，2016 年 4 月政府决定不予上诉。
• In November 2024 a seven-judge bench of the Supreme Court, by a 4:3 majority, overruled the 1967 judgment in S. Azeez Basha v. Union of India, opening the way for AMU to assert minority rights.2024 年 11 月，最高法院七人合议庭以 4 比 3 多数推翻 1967 年「S. Azeez Basha 诉印度联邦」案的判例，为该校主张少数族群权利开辟了道路。
• In 2018 Mufaddal Saifuddin was elected chancellor, Ibne Saeed Khan pro-chancellor and Syed Zillur Rahman honorary treasurer, and on 17 May 2017 Tariq Mansoor had taken office as the 39th vice-chancellor.2018 年穆法达勒·赛夫丁当选校监，伊本·赛义德·汗任副校监，赛义德·齐勒·拉赫曼任名誉司库；此前的 2017 年 5 月 17 日，塔里克·曼苏尔就任第 39 任副校长。
• The Lytton Library, whose foundation was laid in 1877 by Viceroy Robert Bulwer-Lytton at the time of the college's establishment, was renamed and enlarged when its seven-storey building was inaugurated by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1960.里顿图书馆于 1877 年由总督罗伯特·布尔沃-里顿在学院创立时奠基，1960 年由贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁为其七层新馆揭幕，图书馆随后更名并扩建。

Academics

• Aligarh Muslim University offers more than 300 courses and is organised around 13 faculties covering technical, vocational and interdisciplinary subjects.阿里格尔穆斯林大学开设 300 多门课程，以 13 个学科部为架构，涵盖技术、职业与跨学科科目。
• Its 13 faculties are Agricultural Sciences, Arts, Commerce, Engineering and Technology, Law, Life Sciences, Medicine, Management Studies and Research, Science, Social Sciences, Theology, International Studies and Unani Medicine.其 13 个学科部为农业科学、文学、商学、工程与技术、法学、生命科学、医学、管理研究与研究、理学、社会科学、神学、国际研究与尤纳尼医学。
• The university maintains seven colleges, including the Academic Staff College, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, the Community College, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, the Women's College, Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology and Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College.该校设有 7 所学院，包括教师进修学院、阿吉马尔·汗尤纳尼医学院、社区学院、贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁医学院、女子学院、扎基尔·侯赛因工程技术学院与齐亚丁·艾哈迈德牙科学院。
• It also maintains 15 centres, three institutes and ten schools, including Minto Circle and the Ahmadi School for the Visually Challenged.该校还设有 15 个中心、3 个研究所与 10 所学校，包括明托学园与艾哈迈迪视障学校。
• The Faculty of Theology has two departments, one for the Shi'a school of thought and another for the Sunni school.神学学科部分设两个系，一个研究什叶派学说，一个研究逊尼派学说。
• Three centres operate at Malappuram in Kerala, Murshidabad in West Bengal and Kishanganj in Bihar, and a site has been identified for a centre at Aurangabad in Maharashtra.该校在喀拉拉邦马拉普拉姆、西孟加拉邦穆尔希达巴德与比哈尔邦基尚根设有三个中心，并已为马哈拉施特拉邦奥兰加巴德中心选定校址。
• The university has 39,367 students and 1,623 academic staff, with students drawn from all states of India and several foreign countries.该校有 39,367 名学生与 1,623 名教师，学生来自印度各邦及若干国家。
• Admission into the university is entrance-test based, and most of its international students come from Africa, West Asia and Southeast Asia.该校录取以入学考试为依据，其国际学生大多来自非洲、西亚与东南亚。
• The Maulana Azad Library consists of a central library and over 100 departmental and college libraries, and holds about 1.4 million volumes of books.毛拉纳·阿扎德图书馆由一座中央图书馆与 100 多个院系与学院图书馆组成，馆藏图书约 140 万册。
• Its collections include 187,705 items in the oriental collection, 20,968 theses and dissertations and 3,200 books in Braille script.其馆藏包括东方文献 187,705 件、学位论文 20,968 篇以及盲文图书 3,200 册。
• The library houses royal decrees of Mughal emperors such as Babur, Akbar and Shah Jahan.该图书馆藏有巴布尔、阿克巴与沙贾汗等莫卧儿皇帝的敕令。
• In November 2021 the AMU Robo Club began work on the university's first satellite project, SS AMU SAT, named after its founder, and IN-SPACe approved the project on 28 October 2023.2021 年 11 月，该校机器人俱乐部启动以创办人命名的首个卫星项目「SS AMU SAT」，印度国家太空促进与授权中心于 2023 年 10 月 28 日批准了该项目。
• As an Institute of National Importance under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, the university is funded and recognised by the Union Government.作为印度宪法第七附表所定的「国家重要机构」，该校由联邦政府资助与认可。
• In the National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 the university was placed 16th overall across all higher education institutions in India and 8th among universities.在 2024 年印度国家机构排名框架中，该校在全印高校总榜中位列第 16、在综合性大学中位列第 8。
• Its Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology was ranked 33rd among engineering colleges by NIRF in 2024, and the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College was ranked 28th in 2023.其扎基尔·侯赛因工程技术学院在 2024 年 NIRF 工程院校榜中位列第 33，贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁医学院在 2023 年位列第 28。
• The university is affiliated to the University Grants Commission and is a member of the Association of Indian Universities.该校隶属于印度大学拨款委员会，并是印度大学协会成员。

Campus

• The main campus of Aligarh Muslim University covers 467.6 hectares, about 1,155 acres, in the city of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, with Aligarh Junction as the nearest railway station.阿里格尔穆斯林大学的主校区位于北方邦阿里格尔市，占地 467.6 公顷、约合 1,155 英亩，最近的火车站是阿里格尔枢纽站。
• It is a residential university, with most staff and students living on campus in 19 halls of residence, 13 for boys and six for girls, containing 80 hostels.该校为住宿制大学，多数师生住在校园内，共有 19 座学生宿舍堂，男生 13 座、女生 6 座，含 80 栋宿舍。
• Each hall is administered by a provost and wardens and maintains a dining hall, a common room, a reading room, a library, sports clubs and a literary and cultural society.每座宿舍堂由院长与舍监管理，设有餐厅、公共活动室、阅览室、图书馆、体育俱乐部以及文学与文化社团。
• Sir Syed Hall is the oldest hall of the university and houses heritage buildings such as Strachey Hall, Mushtaq Manzil, Asman Manzil, the Nizam Museum and Lytton Library, Victoria Gate and Sir Syed Mosque.赛义德爵士堂是最古老的宿舍堂，内有斯特雷奇堂、穆什塔克·曼齐尔、阿斯曼·曼齐尔、尼查姆博物馆与里顿图书馆，以及维多利亚门与赛义德爵士清真寺。
• The campus maintains a cricket ground, the Willingdon Pavilion, a synthetic hockey ground and a park, Gulistan-e-Syed.校园内设有板球场、威林登亭、人造草坪曲棍球场以及名为「Gulistan-e-Syed」的公园。
• Other notable buildings include the Maulana Azad Library, the Moinuddin Ahmad Art Gallery, Kennedy Auditorium, the Musa Dakri Museum, the Cultural Education Centre, Siddons Debating Union Hall and Sir Syed House.其他知名建筑包括毛拉纳·阿扎德图书馆、莫伊努丁·艾哈迈德美术馆、肯尼迪礼堂、穆萨·达克里博物馆、文化教育中心、西登斯辩论联合会堂与赛义德爵士楼。
• The main university gate is called Bab-e-Syed, and in 2020 a new Centenary Gate was built to celebrate the centenary year of the university.学校正门名为「Bab-e-Syed」，2020 年又建成一座新的百年门以纪念建校百年。
• Female students are accommodated in six well-established halls of residence, whose hostels are equipped with reading rooms, common rooms, sports facilities and dining halls.女学生住在 6 座设施完善的宿舍堂中，其宿舍配有阅览室、公共活动室、体育设施与餐厅。
• The halls of residence are named after people associated with the Aligarh Movement and the university's early history.这些宿舍堂以与阿里格尔运动和校史早期相关的人物命名。

Reputation

• Aligarh Muslim University is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, a joint-band position in the global table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，阿里格尔穆斯林大学位列 1001-1200 区间，这是其在该全球榜单上的并列区间位次。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it stands in the 651-700 band, its strongest world placement.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中该校位列 651-700 区间，是其在世界榜单上的最佳名次。
• It was ranked 701st in the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 and placed in the 801-900 band of the Shanghai ARWU 2026.该校在 US News 2026-2027 年度全球最佳大学排名中位列第 701 位，并在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中位列 801-900 区间。
• In the QS Asia University Rankings the university was placed in the 271-280 band, reflecting a strong regional position.在 QS 亚洲大学排名中该校位列 271-280 区间，显示出较强的区域地位。
• In the National Institutional Ranking Framework 2024 it was ranked 16th overall in India and 8th among universities, its best national standing.在 2024 年印度国家机构排名框架中，该校位列全印总榜第 16、综合性大学第 8，是其国内最佳名次。
• OpenAlex records 40,918 research works and 2,018,125 citations for the university, a high output that underpins its research reputation.OpenAlex 记录该校 40,918 篇研究成果与 2,018,125 次引用，高产出支撑着其科研声誉。
• The university is an Institute of National Importance and has been accredited by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council.该校是「国家重要机构」，并已通过印度国家评估与认证委员会的认证。
• Its Zakir Hussain College of Engineering and Technology was ranked 33rd among engineering colleges by NIRF in 2024, and the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College 28th in 2023.其扎基尔·侯赛因工程技术学院在 2024 年 NIRF 工程院校榜中位列第 33，贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁医学院在 2023 年位列第 28。
• The question of AMU's minority institution status has been litigated for decades, most recently in the 2024 Supreme Court ruling that overruled the 1967 precedent.该校的少数族群机构地位之争已持续数十年，最近一次是 2024 年最高法院推翻 1967 年判例的裁决。
• Because it is listed in the Union List under the Seventh Schedule, the university occupies a constitutional position unique in Indian higher education.由于被列入宪法第七附表的联邦清单，该校在印度高等教育中具有独特的宪法地位。

Student life

• Aligarh Muslim University has no formal Latin motto, and its identity is expressed through the AMU Tarana, the university anthem.阿里格尔穆斯林大学没有正式的拉丁校训，其身份通过校歌「AMU Tarana」来表达。
• The AMU Tarana was composed by the poet and university student Majaz as an abridged version of his 1933 poem Narz-e-Aligarh, and the song set to it by Khan Ishtiaq Mohammad in 1955 became the official anthem.校歌「AMU Tarana」由诗人、该校学生马贾兹由其 1933 年诗作《Narz-e-Aligarh》删节而成，1955 年由学生汗·伊什蒂亚克·穆罕默德谱曲并被定为正式校歌。
• The tarana is played during every function at the university along with the national anthem.校歌在学校的每次活动中与国歌一同奏唱。
• The sherwani, a traditional long coat, is worn by male students and is required at official programmes, with the university providing it at a subsidised price.舍瓦尼长外套是男生的传统着装，在正式活动中须穿着，学校以补贴价格提供。
• In early 2013 Zameer Uddin Shah, then vice-chancellor, insisted that male students had to wear a sherwani if they wished to meet him.2013 年初，时任副校长扎米尔·乌丁·沙阿坚持要求男生须着舍瓦尼方可见他。
• Dhaba culture and the campus canteen are popular among students in the evening, with tea the preferred beverage for many.傍晚时分小吃摊文化与校园食堂颇受学生欢迎，茶是许多人的首选饮品。
• Aligarh Muslim University Students' Union, known as AMUSU, is the university-wide elected representative body for students.阿里格尔穆斯林大学学生会（AMUSU）是全校范围选举产生的学生代表机构。
• The Siddons Union Club, the debating club of the university, was established in 1884 and named after Henry George Impey Siddons, the first principal of the MAO College, and has hosted figures including the Dalai Lama, Mahatma Gandhi, Abul Kalam Azad and Jawaharlal Nehru.该校辩论社西登斯联合会俱乐部成立于 1884 年，以前任学院首任院长亨利·乔治·英佩·西登斯命名，曾接待达赖喇嘛、圣雄甘地、阿布·卡拉姆·阿扎德与贾瓦哈拉尔·尼赫鲁等人物。
• The Raleigh Literary Society is named after Sir Walter Raleigh, who served as English professor at the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College from 1885 to 1887, and stages competitive events and Shakespeare plays.罗利文学社以 1885 至 1887 年在穆罕默德盎格鲁-东方学院任英语教授的沃尔特·罗利爵士命名，举办竞赛活动与莎士比亚戏剧演出。
• Two notable cultural festivals are Filmsaaz, run by the University Film Club, and the AMU Literary Festival, run by the Literary Club, while the Law Society founded in 1894 publishes law reviews.较具代表性的文化节有大学电影社的「Filmsaaz」与文学社的阿里格尔文学节，而 1894 年成立的法律学会则出版法学评论。
• The Old Boys' Association, the alumni network of the university, was established in 1898 and has had statutory recognition under the AMU Act 1920.该校校友组织「老同学会」成立于 1898 年，并依 1920 年《阿里格尔穆斯林大学法》获得法定认可。

Notable people

• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan founded the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875 and led the Aligarh Movement that became Aligarh Muslim University.赛义德·艾哈迈德·汗爵士于 1875 年创办穆罕默德盎格鲁-东方学院，并领导了后发展为阿里格尔穆斯林大学的阿里格尔运动。
• Sheikh Abdullah, called Papa Mian, founded the Women's College of the university and campaigned for Muslim women's education.被称作「帕帕·米安」的谢赫·阿卜杜拉创办了该校女子学院，并为穆斯林女性教育奔走。
• Waheed Jahan Begum, known as Ala Bi, co-founded the girls' school and hostel with her husband Sheikh Abdullah and promoted women's education.人称「阿拉·比」的瓦希德·贾汉·贝古姆与其夫谢赫·阿卜杜拉共同创办女校与女生宿舍，并推动女性教育。
• Zakir Husain, an alumnus and later vice-chancellor of the university, served as the third President of India from 1967 to 1969.扎基尔·侯赛因是该校校友、后任副校长，并于 1967 至 1969 年担任印度第三任总统。
• Mohammad Hamid Ansari, an alumnus, served as the twelfth Vice-President of India from 2007 to 2017.校友穆罕默德·哈米德·安萨里于 2007 至 2017 年担任印度第十二任副总统。
• Arif Mohammad Khan, an alumnus, became the twenty-second Governor of Kerala in 2019.校友阿里夫·穆罕默德·汗于 2019 年出任喀拉拉邦第 22 任邦长。
• Anwara Taimur, an alumna, became the first and only woman chief minister of the Indian state of Assam in 1980.校友安瓦拉·泰穆尔于 1980 年成为印度阿萨姆邦首位也是唯一一位女性首席部长。
• Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, an alumnus, served as the sixth chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir.校友穆夫提·穆罕默德·赛义德曾任查谟和克什米尔第六任首席部长。
• Dhyan Chand, the hockey player who won Olympic gold medals in 1928, 1932 and 1936, was an alumnus of the university.在 1928、1932 与 1936 年三度夺得奥运曲棍球金牌的传奇球员迪扬·昌德是该校校友。
• Lala Amarnath, the Indian cricketer and first captain of independent India's Test team, was an alumnus, as was the poet Majaz, author of the university's tarana.印度板球运动员、独立后印度板球队首任队长拉拉·阿马纳特是该校校友，校歌作者、诗人马贾兹亦是。
• André Weil, the French mathematician, and Mohammad Habib, the Indian historian, taught or researched at the university.法国数学家安德烈·韦伊与印度历史学家穆罕默德·哈比卜都曾在该校任教或从事研究。