Alexandria University

Alexandria University is a public university in the Mediterranean city of Alexandria, Egypt, and it is today the second largest university in the country as well as the third to be founded after Cairo University and the American University in Cairo.亚历山大大学是埃及地中海沿岸城市亚历山大里亚的一所公立大学，现为全国规模第二大的高校，也是继开罗大学与开罗美国大学之后全国第三所建立的高等学府。

Established in 1938 as a branch of Fouad University, whose own name later became Cairo University, it became an independent entity in 1942 and carries the Arabic name جامعة الإسكندرية.该校 1938 年作为法鲁德大学的分设机构创建，该母体其后改名开罗大学；分校于 1942 年成为独立实体，阿拉伯语校名为 جامعة الإسكندرية。

It teaches through 21 faculties and 3 institutes, counted together as 24 faculties and institutes, and it is placed in the 801-850 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027 with 304th place in the 2026-2027 US News table.全校设 21 个学院与 3 个研究所，合计 24 个教研单位，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 801-850 位，在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中列第 304 位。

History

• The idea of a branch of Fouad I University at Alexandria was approved by that university's council on 4 August 1938 and the decision was ratified by the Egyptian Council of Ministers two days later.在亚历山大设立法鲁德国王一世大学分校的构想于 1938 年 8 月 4 日经该大学校务委员会通过，并于两日后获埃及部长会议批准。

• The Zarfoudaki Palace was leased as the branch's first premises, and studies opened there on 15 October 1938 with only two faculties, the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Law.分校初租扎尔富达基宫办学，1938 年 10 月 15 日开学，当时仅设文学院与法律学院两个学院。

• The Faculty of Engineering was established in 1941 while the institution was still a branch, and it became the largest single source of the university's later emigrant academic staff.工程学院于 1941 年设立，其时该校尚未独立，此学院日后成为其外流教学与科研人员最多的单一来源。

• On 2 August 1942 Royal Decree No. 32 formally established King Farouk I University at Alexandria, uniting the faculties of Arts, Law, Medicine, Science, Engineering, Agriculture and Commerce.1942 年 8 月 2 日颁布的第 32 号皇家法令正式在亚历山大设立法鲁德国王一世大学，合并文、法、医、理、工、农与商科七个学院。

• At the moment of its establishment the new university had 1,171 students and 134 members of academic staff, the first hard enrolment and staffing figures recorded for the institution.新校创设之初有学生 1171 人、教师 134 人，这是该校最早的在校人数与教职人数硬数字。

• The newly created Faculty of Law was at first housed in a secondary school building, an expedient arrangement that preceded its own purpose-built premises.新设法学院最初寄读于一所中学的校舍，这一权宜安排先于其自有专用楼宇的建成。

• The Faculty of Agriculture was established at Damanhour in 1942, in the Nile Delta rather than in Alexandria itself, beginning the university's long system of outlying branches.农学院于 1942 年在尼罗河三角洲的达曼胡尔设立而非设于亚历山大本地，开启了该校长期的外地分支办学体系。

• As a satellite of Fouad University the branch took its early staff, curricula and examinations from Cairo, and only the decree of 1942 made it a university in its own right.作为法鲁德大学的分设机构，此分校早期师资、课程与考试均取自开罗，直至 1942 年法令才使其成为真正意义上的独立大学。

• The university was known as Farouk University, named after Farouk of Egypt, until after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, when the royal name was dropped and it became the University of Alexandria.该校长期以埃及国王法鲁克之名称法鲁克大学，1952 年埃及七月革命后废去王室之名，改称亚历山大大学。

• Taha Hussein, the Egyptian writer and education advocate who pressed for mass public schooling, is recorded as the founding rector of the university.倡导大众公共教育的埃及作家塔哈·侯赛因记载为该校的首任校长。

• The university kept adding single-purpose faculties through the following decades, opening the Faculty of Fine Arts in 1957 and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in 1975.此后数十年该校持续增设专门学院，分别于 1957 年设立美术学院、1975 年设立兽医学院。

• In 1989 four faculties located in Alexandria but administered by Helwan University, those of agriculture, fine arts and the two physical education faculties for boys and girls, were annexed to Alexandria University.1989 年，四所地处亚历山大而由赫勒万大学管理的学院，即农学院、美术学院与男女两所体育教育学院，被划归亚历山大大学。

• Through the 1980s and 1990s the university added further branches and integrated several faculties from Helwan University, consolidating the city's higher education under a single rectorate.二十世纪八十与九十年代该校继续增设分支并自赫勒万大学并入若干学院，把全市高等教育整合于同一校长管辖之下。

• Its overseas expansion came in the twenty-first century, with a branch established in N'Djamena, the capital of Chad, in 2010 and a second branch in Juba, South Sudan, in 2014.其海外扩张始于二十一世纪，2010 年在乍得首都恩贾梅纳设立分支，2014 年又在南苏丹朱巴设立第二个分支。

• A branch in Iraq and a site at New Borg El Arab west of the city extended the teaching map of the university, while its older Egyptian branches were separated off instead.在伊拉克设分支、在城西新卜尔迦卜阿拉伯设教学点，扩展了该校的授课版图，而其埃及境内的旧分支则被分立出去。

• The outlying branches at Damanhour and Matrouh later became independent universities, so the parent institution gave rise to two separate degree-granting bodies in the Delta and on the north-west coast.达曼胡尔与马特鲁的外地分支后来各自独立成大学，因此母体在尼罗河三角洲与西北海岸各催生出一所独立的学位授予高校。

• Alexandria National University was launched in 2021 in the Smouha district, a national university added to the system built around the original Alexandria institution.亚历山大国立大学于 2021 年在本市苏哈区创设，是围绕亚历山大大学形成的体系中新加入的国立大学。

• Its newest academic units are the Faculty of Economic Studies and Political Science of 2014 and the Faculty of Computing and Data Science of 2019, the latter opening the university to data-science teaching.该校最新设的两个教学单位是 2014 年的经济研究与政治科学院与 2019 年的计算与数据科学学院，后者使其教学延伸至数据科学领域。

• The institution is a public and non-religious university, a character its Chinese-language directories record for only a small number of Egyptian universities, inherited from its 1938 foundation as a state branch.该校是公立而非宗教性大学，中文名录中具此性质的埃及高校为数极少，这一身份源自其 1938 年作为国立分支的创设。

• Its executive team is published as Dr. Abdelaziz Konsowa as president with three vice presidents, Dr. Hesham Saeed for graduate studies and research, Dr. Ahmed Adel Abdelhakim for education and student affairs and Dr. Affaf Al-Oufy for community service and environmental development.校方公布的行政班子为校长阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·孔索瓦博士，另设三名副校长：主管研究生与科研的赫希姆·赛义德博士、主管教学与学生事务的艾哈迈德·阿德尔·阿卜杜勒哈基姆博士、主管社区服务与环境发展的阿法芙·奥菲博士。

Academics

• Alexandria University holds 24 faculties and institutes, of which 21 are faculties and three are institutes, teaching social subjects, medicine, engineering, mathematics and the other sciences.该校共有 24 个学院与研究所，其中 21 个为学院、3 个为研究所，教授社会科学、医学、工程、数学及其他理科。

• The seven faculties named in the decree of 1942, Arts, Law, Medicine, Science, Engineering, Agriculture and Commerce, still define the core of its academic structure today.1942 年法令所载文、法、医、理、工、农与商科七个学院，至今仍是其学术建制的核心。

• The Faculties of Arts and of Law, both founded in 1938, are the oldest units of the university and the only two teaching before the institution gained independence in 1942.文学院与法律学院均创建于 1938 年，是该校最古老的两个单位，也是 1942 年学校独立前唯一授课的两所学院。

• The Faculty of Medicine, established by the 1942 decree, anchors the medical sector of the university alongside pharmacy, nursing and dentistry.医学院由 1942 年法令设立，与药学、护理与口腔医学共同构成该校医学板块的骨干。

• The health-profession faculties were added in sequence, the Faculty of Pharmacy in 1947, the Faculty of Nursing in 1954 and the Faculty of Dentistry in 1970.医药卫生类学院依次增设：药学院于 1947 年、护理学院于 1954 年、口腔医学院于 1970 年成立。

• The Faculty of Engineering, founded in 1941, is the unit from which most of the institution's internationally placed alumni came, among them computer-science, water-jet and thermal-management researchers.工程学院创建于 1941 年，该校最具国际影响的校友多出于此，其中包括计算机科学、水射流与热管理领域的研究者。

• The Faculty of Science, created in 1942, is the faculty in which the 1999 Nobel laureate in chemistry took his degree in 1967.理学院创建于 1942 年，1999 年诺贝尔化学奖得主即于 1967 年在此取得学位。

• Agricultural teaching runs on two sites, the Faculty of Agriculture founded at Damanhour in 1942 and the Faculty of Agriculture at Saba Basha opened in 1959 inside Alexandria.农学教学分设两处：1942 年在达曼胡尔创立的农学院，以及 1959 年在亚历山大城内设立的萨巴西巴农学院。

• Teacher-training provision grew from the Faculty of Education of 1966 to the Faculty of Specific Education of 1988 and the Faculty of Education for Early Childhood of 1989.师资培养体系由 1966 年的教育学院扩展至 1988 年的特殊教育学院与 1989 年的幼儿教育师范学院。

• Physical education has two faculties, that for girls founded in 1954 and that for boys in 1955, and both were annexed from Helwan University in 1989.体育教育设两所学院，女子体育教育学院创办于 1954 年、男子体育教育学院于 1955 年，两院均于 1989 年自赫勒万大学划入。

• The Faculty of Fine Arts, opened in 1957, and the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels of 1982 extend teaching into the arts and into the hospitality industry.1957 年创办的美术学院与 1982 年设立的旅游与酒店学院，把教学扩展到艺术领域与酒店服务业。

• Commerce teaching from the 1942 faculty survives as the Faculty of Business, and the university added the Faculty of Economic Studies and Political Science in 2014.源于 1942 年商科的教学今日延续为工商学院，学校又于 2014 年增设经济研究与政治科学院。

• The Faculty of Computing and Data Science, founded in 2019, is the newest response of the university to information-technology demand and now stands beside the engineering faculty in that field.计算与数据科学学院创建于 2019 年，是该校应对信息技术需求的最新建制，如今与工程学院在该领域并列。

• Postgraduate work rests on three institutes, the High Institute of Public Health of 1956, the Institute of Graduate Studies and Research of 1972 and the Institute of Medical Research of 1975.研究生教育依托三所研究所：1956 年的公共卫生高等研究所、1972 年的研究生与科学研究所与 1975 年的医学研究所。

• The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, established in 1975, completes the life-science group that already held agriculture, science and the several medical professions.兽医学院成立于 1975 年，与此前的农学、理学及医药卫生各学院共同构成该校的生命科学板块。

• The annexation of 1989 moved agriculture, fine arts and the two physical education faculties out of Helwan University, the largest single expansion of the Alexandria curriculum in the twentieth century.1989 年的划归把农学院、美术学院与两所体育教育学院自赫勒万大学转入，是该校二十世纪课程规模最大的一次扩张。

• The university states that it holds many affiliations with various universities for ongoing research, a network its ranking profiles set beside its position as Egypt's second largest university.校方自述与多所高校保持以持续科研为内容的合作关系，其榜单档案将此与该校作为埃及规模第二大高校的地位并列记载。

• Environmental teaching is represented by the Department of Environmental Sciences, founded and first chaired by the professor Boshra Salem, who also rose to university leadership.环境学科以环境科学学系为代表，该系由博什拉·萨利姆教授创建并首任系主任，其亦升至学校领导层。

Campus

• The Alexandria site of the university lies at latitude 31.20176 and longitude 29.91582 east, in Egypt's second city on the Mediterranean shore, a town of ancient library fame.该校亚历山大校址位于北纬 31.20176、东经 29.91582，地处埃及第二大城市、地中海沿岸以古代藏书楼闻名的亚历山大里亚。

• Al Hadra University Hospital is one of the two teaching hospitals of the institution and the principal clinical site for its medical, dental and pharmacy students.哈德拉大学医院是该校两所教学医院之一，也是其医学、口腔与药学专业学生的主要临床基地。

• Borg El Arab University Hospital, in the western part of the city, is the second teaching hospital recorded for the university.位于城西的卜尔迦卜阿拉伯大学医院，是记载中该校的第二所教学医院。

• The New Borg El Arab district west of Alexandria also hosts a university branch, a planned new-city location distinct from the teaching hospital of the same name.亚历山大以西的新卜尔迦卜阿拉伯区另设该校分支，其地处规划新城，与同名的教学医院为两处不同设施。

• At Saba Basha inside the city the university keeps the agricultural faculty opened there in 1959, which gives it farmland teaching space within Alexandria itself.该校在城内的萨巴西巴保留 1959 年设立的农学院，使其在亚历山大市区拥有农学实习用地。

• The Damanhour branch, seat of the agricultural faculty of 1942, and the Matrouh branch on the north-west coast both left the university to become independent institutions.作为 1942 年农学院所在地的达曼胡尔分支与西北海岸的马特鲁分支，均已脱离该校独立成为单独院校。

• In the Smouha district the Alexandria National University, opened in 2021, adds a separately named national campus to the system centred on the original university.在苏哈区，2021 年设立的亚历山大国立大学为以本校为核心的体系增添了一所另立校名的国立校区。

• Outside Egypt the university maintains a branch in N'Djamena, capital of Chad, created in 2010, a branch in Juba, South Sudan, created in 2014, and a branch in Iraq.在埃及境外，该校设有 2010 年创建于乍得首都恩贾梅纳的分支、2014 年创建于南苏丹朱巴的分支，并在伊拉克亦设分支。

• That African extension makes the university one of the few Egyptian institutions teaching south of the Sahara, an arrangement begun only in the twenty-first century and still listed in its branch register.这一非洲布局使其成为少数在撒哈拉以南非洲授课的埃及高校，该安排始于二十一世纪，至今仍见于其分支名录。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Alexandria University is placed in the 801-850 band, and the same table had ranked it between 801 and 1000 in the 2021 edition.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中亚历山大大学列第 801-850 位，同一榜单 2021 年版曾将其列于第 801 至 1000 位之间。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university in the 801-1000 band, a standing improved on the position beyond 1001 recorded for it in the 2020 edition.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列入第 801-1000 位，优于 2020 年版所记的第 1001 位之后。

• Alexandria is ranked 304th in the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities table, the highest of the four league tables in which this entry places the university.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中亚历山大大学列第 304 位，是本条目所据四大榜单中其最高名次。

• In the 2026 Shanghai Ranking of World Universities, the ARWU, the university is placed in the 601-700 band, the strongest of its current global positions.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中该校列第 601-700 位，是其现阶段各榜中位置最佳的一项。

• Its national dimension is documented in the Shanghai table for 2020, which put Alexandria at 701-800 in the world and second among the universities of Egypt.其国内维度名次可见于 2020 年软科榜单：该榜将亚历山大列于世界第 701-800 位、埃及高校中第 2 位。

• No subject-table position for the 2026 or 2027 editions is recorded in the material used here, so the subject dimension is stated only through its overall national standing.本条目所用材料未记载该校 2026 或 2027 年版学科维度榜单名次，故学科层面仅以其总体国内地位表述。

• Its quantifiable scale rests on institutional counts rather than bibliographic data: 21 faculties and three institutes, two university hospitals, branches in Chad, South Sudan and Iraq, and an opening establishment of 1,171 students with 134 academic staff in 1942.其可量化规模依机构数字而非文献计量得出：21 个学院与 3 个研究所、两所大学医院、乍得与南苏丹及伊拉克的分支，以及 1942 年创设时 1171 名学生与 134 名教师的建制。

• Its hardest honour count is one Nobel Prize, held through Ahmed Zewail of the Faculty of Science in 1999, and the record adds no Turing Award or Fields Medal affiliation for the institution.该校最硬的荣誉计数为 1 次诺贝尔奖，即 1999 年理学院出身的艾哈迈德·泽维尔，记载中该机构并无图灵奖或菲尔兹奖关联。

• Its ranking history includes a caution: the 147th world place awarded by Times Higher Education for 2010-2011 was controversial, because one professor's habit of publishing many papers in a journal he himself edited was identified as a major contributor to that high rating.其排名史亦含警示：泰晤士高等教育 2010-2011 年版授予的世界第 147 位曾引发争议，因一名教授在其本人主编期刊上大量发表论文的做法被认定是该高名次的重要成因。

Student life

• Student affairs are run by a dedicated vice president, the post held by Dr. Ahmed Adel Abdelhakim for education and student affairs, which makes undergraduate services a vice-rectoral responsibility.学生事务由专职副校长主管，艾哈迈德·阿德尔·阿卜杜勒哈基姆博士任教学与学生事务副校长，使本科学生服务列为副校长级职责。

• Graduate study and research sit with Dr. Hesham Saeed as vice president for graduate studies and research, the office that oversees the three postgraduate institutes founded in 1956, 1972 and 1975.赫希姆·赛义德博士任主管研究生与科研的副校长，负责督导 1956 年、1972 年与 1975 年设立的三所研究生机构。

• Community engagement is institutionalised in a vice presidency of its own, that for community service and environmental development held by Dr. Affaf Al-Oufy.社会参与被建制化为独立副校长职位，即阿法芙·奥菲博士担任的社区服务与环境发展副校长。

• Student numbers have grown from the 1,171 enrolled at the 1942 foundation to a university described as the second largest in Egypt, a scale that shapes its housing, transport and examination arrangements.在校学生自 1942 年创设时的 1171 人增至其被述为埃及规模第二大的高校，这一体量决定了其住宿、交通与考试的组织方式。

• Athletic life has an academic home in the two physical education faculties, for girls since 1954 and for boys since 1955, both annexed from Helwan University in 1989.体育生活在教学建制上依托两所体育教育学院，女子院设于 1954 年、男子院设于 1955 年，两院均于 1989 年自赫勒万大学划入。

• Language and translation study forms a distinct route of student life, recorded in the English language, literature and translation teaching that counted a future South Sudanese minister among its students.语言与翻译教学是一条独立培养路径，其英语语言、文学与翻译记载的受教育者中包括一位后来的南苏丹部长。

• Because its faculties sit at Damanhour, Matrouh, Saba Basha, New Borg El Arab and Smouha as well as in central Alexandria, a part of every intake has studied away from the main city campus.由于其学院分布在达曼胡尔、马特鲁、萨巴西巴、新卜尔迦卜阿拉伯与苏哈以及亚历山大中心城区，历届学生中总有一部分不在主城校区就读。

• The African branches at N'Djamena and Juba extend that student geography beyond Egypt, joining a branch in Iraq and linking the university's degrees to East and Central Africa.恩贾梅纳与朱巴的非洲分支把这一学生版图延伸到埃及境外，并与伊拉克分支一起把该校学位与东非、中非相连。

Notable people

• Ahmed Zewail took his degree from the Faculty of Science in 1967 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1999, the firmest individual honour attached to the university.艾哈迈德·泽维尔 1967 年毕业于理学院，1999 年获诺贝尔化学奖，是该校最确凿的个人荣誉。

• Taha Hussein, the founding rector, was among the most influential Arabic-language writers of the twentieth century and a driving force behind public university building in Egypt.首任校长塔哈·侯赛因是二十世纪最具影响的阿拉伯语作家之一，也是埃及公立大学建设的推动者。

• Mohammed Aboul-Fotouh Hassab, who lived from 1913 to 2000, was professor of gastro-intestinal surgery and creator of the operation known as Hassab's decongestion procedure.生于 1913 年、卒于 2000 年的穆罕默德·阿布勒富图赫·哈萨布是胃肠外科教授，创立了被称为哈萨布去充血术的手术方式。

• Mohamed Hashish of the Faculty of Engineering is known as the father of the abrasive water-jet cutter, while his faculty colleague in achievement, Mo Ibrahim, became a Sudanese-British mobile-communications entrepreneur and billionaire.工程学院的穆罕默德·哈希什著称为磨料水射流切割机之父，同在工程学院而成就卓著的穆·伊布拉欣则成为苏丹裔英国移动通信企业家与亿万富翁。

• Azer Bestavros took engineering in 1984 and became Warren Distinguished Professor of Computer Science at Boston University, and Moustafa Youssef, an engineering graduate of 1997, is recorded as the first and only ACM fellow from the Middle East and Africa.阿泽尔·贝斯塔夫罗斯 1984 年毕业于工程学，后任波士顿大学沃伦计算机科学讲席教授；1997 届工程毕业生穆斯塔法·优素福记载为中东与非洲首位也是唯一的国际计算机学会会士。

• Bahgat G. Sammakia, of the engineering class of 1977, directs the CHIRP centre at Binghamton University and served as its vice president for research, and Gamal Refai-Ahmed, of 1985, was elected to the United States National Academy of Engineering.1977 届工程毕业生巴哈特·G. 萨马基亚执掌宾汉姆顿大学 CHIRP 中心并任该校主管科研的副校长；1985 届的加马勒·雷法伊-艾哈迈德当选美国国家工程院院士。

• Yahya El Mashad graduated in engineering in 1952 and became an Egyptian nuclear physicist, while Magdy Younes, a physician and medical researcher in Canada, and Samira Islam, a Saudi pharmacologist and educator, also trained at the university.叶海亚·马什哈德 1952 年毕业于工程学后成为埃及核物理学家；在加拿大行医与从研的内科研究者马哈吉·尤尼斯、沙特阿拉伯药理学家与教育家萨米拉·伊斯兰亦受教于该校。

• Zahi Hawass of the Faculty of Arts in 1967 became Egypt's leading archaeologist and minister of antiquities, and the archaeological track also counts Mervat Seif el-Din, former director of the Graeco-Roman Museum, and the numismatist Soheir Bakhoum of 1974.1967 年毕业于文学院的扎希·哈瓦斯成为埃及首席考古学家与文物部长；此路径还包括曾任希腊罗马博物馆馆长的梅尔瓦特·赛义夫丁，以及 1974 届钱币学家苏海尔·巴胡姆。

• Its humanities alumni include Mostafa El-Abbadi, professor and historian of the classical world, Fawzia Al-Ashmawi of the College of Arts in 1965, an academic at the University of Geneva, and Abd al-Wahhab al-Massiri of the Arts faculty in 1959, a writer and social thinker.其人文科校友包括古典学教授与史学家梅斯图法·艾尔巴迪、1965 年毕业于文学院后在日内瓦大学任教的福齐娅·艾尔阿什马维，以及 1959 年文学院的阿卜杜勒瓦哈卜·麦斯利里，后者为作家与社会思想家。

• Political figures on its registers include Rebecca Joshua Okwaci, trained in English language, literature and translation and later minister of telecommunications and postal services of South Sudan, and the Palestinian leaders Khalil al-Wazir, known as Abu Jihad, and Abdel Aziz Rantisi of the Faculty of Medicine in 1972.其名录中的政治人物包括受教于英语语言文学与翻译专业、后任南苏丹电信与邮政部长的丽贝卡·约书亚·奥瓦奇，以及巴勒斯坦领导人哈利勒·瓦齐尔即阿布·杰哈德与 1972 年医学院出身的阿卜杜勒阿齐兹·兰提西。

• In film and letters the university counts Tawfiq Saleh of the English literature class of 1949 as a film director, the actresses Zubaida Tharwat and Mahmoud Abdel Aziz of the agricultural faculty in 1966 among its Egyptian stage figures.在影视与文艺界，1949 届英语文学专业的陶菲克·萨利赫成为电影导演，女演员祖拜达·赛尔瓦特与 1966 年农学院出身的马哈茂德·阿卜杜勒阿齐兹亦为其舞台人物。

• Among foreign academics attached to the university as staff rather than students was William Linn Westermann, recorded as a visiting professor of 1948 and an American papyrologist.以教师而非学生身份与该校关联的外国学者中，有记载为 1948 年访问教授的美国纸草学家威廉·林恩·韦斯特曼。