Al-Balqa Applied University

Al-Balqa Applied University (BAU, Arabic: Jami'at al-Balqa al-Tatbiqiyya) is a government-supported applied university in Salt, Jordan, founded in 1997 by royal decree.巴尔卡应用大学（Al-Balqa Applied University，简称 BAU；阿拉伯语：جامعة البلقاء التطبيقية）是约旦萨尔特区一所由政府支持的应用型大学，1997 年依皇家法令创办。

It was created by merging post-secondary colleges scattered across the kingdom into a single institution mandated to deliver bachelor's and associate degrees in applied and technical fields, a consolidation later copied by other sectors of Jordanian public education.该校由分布全国各地的中学后学院合并而成，其使命是开设应用与技术领域的学士与副学士课程，这一整合模式后来被约旦公共教育的其他部门效仿。

BAU runs faculties and university colleges in every Jordanian governorate except Mafraq, administers 38 community colleges, enrols more than 21,000 students and sits in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校在除马弗拉克以外的约旦各省设有学院与大学学院，管理 38 所社区学院，在校生超过 21,000 人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201-1400 区间。

History

• Jordan's first university, the University of Jordan, was founded in 1962, and for three decades the kingdom's tertiary system consisted of a small number of universities in Amman, Irbid and the south.约旦第一所大学——约旦大学于 1962 年创办，此后三十年间，全国高等教育体系仅由安曼、伊尔比德与南部少数几所大学构成。
• Yarmouk University opened in Irbid in 1976 and the Jordan University of Science and Technology in 1986, but access outside these centres still depended on two-year community colleges.雅尔穆克大学 1976 年在伊尔比德开学，约旦科技大学 1986 年成立，但这些中心之外的高等教育机会仍依赖两年制社区学院。
• Al al-Bayt University was established at Mafraq in 1994 and the Hashemite University at Zarqa in 1995, widening the university map of the kingdom before BAU appeared.阿尔贝特大学 1994 年在马弗拉克创办，哈希姆大学 1995 年在扎尔卡创办，在巴尔卡应用大学出现之前扩展了全国大学版图。
• In 1997 a royal decree of King Hussein bin Talal created Al-Balqa Applied University by combining the country's applied and community colleges under one governance structure.1997 年，国王侯赛因·本·塔拉勒颁布皇家法令，把全国应用类与社区学院合并于同一治理架构之下，成立巴尔卡应用大学。
• The 1997 merger gathered institutions that had belonged to several ministries, so the new university inherited buildings, staff and curricula spread from Aqaba to Irbid.1997 年的合并汇集了原属多个部委的院校，新大学因此继承了从亚喀巴到伊尔比德的校舍、师资与课程。
• Salt, a hill town about 30 kilometres north-west of Amman, was chosen for the main campus because it anchored the central Balqa governorate between the capital and the Jordan Valley.主校区选址于安曼西北约 30 公里的山城萨尔特，因为这里位于首都与约旦河谷之间，是巴尔卡省中部的枢纽。
• The first academic year, 1997-1998, opened with faculties inherited from the merger and with associate-degree programmes designed for students who could not move to Amman.1997 至 1998 学年的首个学年以合并继承的学院开学，并开设面向无法前往安曼求学的学生的副学士课程。
• The 1997 statute fixed a dual mission from the outset, bachelor's degrees for professional fields and two-year diplomas for technical occupations, and it still governs the balance between the two.1997 年的章程自始确立双重使命：专业领域授予学士学位，技术职业开设两年制文凭课程，这一平衡至今仍由该章程规范。
• BAU took over the network of community colleges that had trained teachers, nurses, technicians and clerks since the 1960s and from 1997 reorganised them under applied programmes with common syllabuses.该校接管了自 1960 年代以来培养教师、护士、技术员与文员的社区学院网络，并自 1997 年起按统一教学大纲的应用型课程加以重组。
• The first diploma cohort completed its two-year programmes in 1999, while bachelor's degrees were extended to selected branch colleges in the same period.首批文凭学生于 1999 年完成两年制课程，同期学士学位课程也扩展到部分分支学院。
• Six faculties sit on the Salt campus, among them Medicine, Engineering, Applied Science, Planning and Management, Technological Agriculture and the Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Information Technology, a structure consolidated in 1997 and enlarged as new faculties were added.萨尔特主校区设有六个学院，包括医学院、工程学院、应用科学学院、规划与管理学院、技术农业学院以及阿卜杜拉·本·加齐亲王信息技术学院；这一架构于 1997 年定型，此后随新学院增设而扩充。
• The Faculty of Medicine offers a six-year Doctor of Medicine programme, making BAU one of the few Jordanian universities outside Amman and Irbid to train physicians, and it places students in hospitals from the fourth year onward.医学院开设六年制医学博士课程，使该校成为安曼与伊尔比德之外少数培养医生的约旦大学之一，学生自四年级起进入医院轮转。
• A Faculty of Graduate Studies, created after the 1997 merger, coordinates master's programmes in engineering, information technology, agriculture, planning and educational sciences across the colleges.1997 年合并后设立的研究生院，统一协调工程、信息技术、农业、规划与教育科学等领域的硕士项目。
• In 2005 the Tafilah Applied University College was separated from BAU and became Tafila Technical University, the first Jordanian university created from a BAU branch.2005 年，塔菲拉应用大学学院从该校分离，升格为塔菲拉技术大学，成为约旦第一所由该校分支独立而成的大学。
• The Usul Al-Deen University College was likewise detached in 2005 and became the World Islamic Sciences and Education University in Amman, the second spin-off after Tafila.宗教原理大学学院同样在 2005 年被剥离，在安曼发展为世界伊斯兰科学与教育大学，成为继塔菲拉之后的第二个独立分支。
• King Abdullah II, who succeeded his father in 1999, kept the applied-university model inside national plans to link vocational training with employment.1999 年继位的国王阿卜杜拉二世延续了应用型大学模式，将其纳入把职业培训与就业相衔接的国家规划。
• BAU's branch colleges cover the north at Irbid, Ajloun and Al-Huson, the centre at Zarqa, Marka, Shafa-Badran and Shmeisani, and the south at Aqaba, Karak, Ma'an and Shobak.该校分支学院覆盖北部伊尔比德、阿杰隆与侯赛因，中部扎尔卡、马尔卡、沙法巴德兰与谢梅萨尼，南部亚喀巴、卡拉克、马安与绍巴克。
• The Faculty of Engineering Technology in Marka, East Amman, concentrates on engineering and technological programmes for working students in the capital.位于安曼东部马尔卡的工程技术学院，主要面向首都的在职学生开设工程与技术类课程。
• Two of its colleges are women-only, Princess Alia University College in Shmeisani and Irbid University College, a legacy of single-sex teacher training in Jordan.该校有两所女子学院——谢梅萨尼的阿莉娅公主大学学院与伊尔比德大学学院，这是约旦单性别师范教育传统的延续。
• When Jordanian campuses closed in 2020, BAU moved its large associate-degree cohort to online delivery, a shift that exposed gaps in rural broadband access and left reduced occupancy on campus until the 2021-2022 year.2020 年约旦高校停课时，该校把庞大的副学士学生群体转为线上教学，这一转变暴露了农村宽带接入的不足，校园低密度运行一直延续到 2021 至 2022 学年。
• In the 2027 edition the university entered the QS World University Rankings in the 1201-1400 band and the Times Higher Education table in the 1001-1200 band.在 2027 年版榜单中，该校进入 QS 世界大学排名 1201-1400 区间，并在泰晤士高等教育排名中位列 1001-1200 区间。

Academics

• BAU's academic structure combines six faculties on the Salt campus with university colleges that teach applied programmes in the governorates.该校的学术架构由萨尔特校区的六个学院与在各省教授应用课程的大学学院共同组成。
• The Faculty of Engineering trains civil, electrical, mechanical and surveying engineers, and its laboratories serve the construction and water sectors of the Jordan Valley.工程学院培养土木、电气、机械与测量工程师，其实验室服务约旦河谷的建筑与水务部门。
• The Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Information Technology teaches computer science, software engineering and information systems, the university's most sought-after programmes.阿卜杜拉·本·加齐亲王信息技术学院教授计算机科学、软件工程与信息系统，是该校最热门的专业方向。
• The Faculty of Applied Science covers physics, chemistry, mathematics, biology and medical laboratory sciences, and supplies technicians to Jordanian hospitals.应用科学学院涵盖物理、化学、数学、生物与医学检验科学，为约旦各医院输送技术人才。
• The Faculty of Planning and Management teaches accounting, business administration, public administration and management information systems for the public sector.规划与管理学院为公共部门教授会计、工商管理、公共行政与管理信息系统。
• The Faculty of Technological Agriculture works on plant production, soil and irrigation, matching the farming economy of the Balqa highlands and the Jordan Valley below.技术农业学院研究植物生产、土壤与灌溉，与巴尔卡高地和下方约旦河谷的农业经济相契合。
• The Salt College for Humanitarian and Literary Sciences also offers technical and vocational diplomas in interior design and digital graphic design.萨尔特人文与文学院还开设室内设计与数字平面设计的技术与职业文凭课程。
• Al-Huson University College in Irbid governorate offers a master's programme in desalination engineering, a rare specialisation in a country facing acute water scarcity.伊尔比德省的侯赛因大学学院开设海水淡化工程硕士项目，在面临严重缺水的本国属于少见的专业方向。
• Zarqa University College teaches nutrition and food processing, medical analyses, biology and applied microbiology to students from Jordan's industrial city.扎尔卡大学学院为这座工业城市的学生教授营养与食品加工、医学检验、生物与应用微生物学。
• Sixth-year medical students train at Al-Salt Government Hospital and with the Royal Medical Services, which supply the clinical cases that a new medical school cannot generate alone.六年级医学生在萨尔特公立医院与皇家医疗服务署接受临床训练，这些机构提供了新建医学院难以独立获得的病例资源。
• Aqaba University College serves the Red Sea port, Shobak College near Petra teaches plant production and vocational education, and Karak and Ma'an colleges anchor the south, all of them opened with the network in 1997.亚喀巴大学学院服务红海港口，佩特拉附近的绍巴克学院教授植物生产与职业教育，卡拉克与马安学院则支撑南部地区，这些学院均于 1997 年随网络一并开办。
• The Amman University College for Financial and Administrative Sciences, at Shafa-Badran, trains accountants and administrators for the capital's banking and public sectors.位于沙法巴德兰的安曼金融与行政科学大学学院，为首都的银行与公共部门培养会计与行政人员。
• Bachelor's programmes require the Jordanian General Secondary Education Certificate, and associate programmes admit students with lower pass marks into two-year technical tracks.学士课程要求持有约旦普通中等教育证书，副学士课程则录取分数较低的学生进入两年制技术方向。
• The university administers 38 community colleges that award diplomas in nursing, engineering trades, tourism, agriculture and office administration.该校管理 38 所社区学院，颁发护理、工程工种、旅游、农业与办公管理方向的文凭。
• The Royal Jordanian Geographic Center College is affiliated to BAU and trains surveyors and mapping technicians for the armed forces and the civil service.皇家约旦地理中心学院附属于该校，为武装部队与文职部门培养测量与制图技术人员。
• Teaching is in Arabic for most programmes, with English used in medicine, engineering and information technology at the advanced levels.多数课程以阿拉伯语授课，医学、工程与信息技术的高年级课程则使用英语。
• The Faculty of Graduate Studies awards master's degrees in desalination, engineering management, accounting, agricultural science and educational administration.研究生院在海水淡化、工程管理、会计、农业科学与教育管理等领域授予硕士学位。
• Applied research at BAU focuses on water desalination, solar energy, olive cultivation and vocational pedagogy, fields tied to Jordan's resource constraints.该校的应用研究聚焦海水淡化、太阳能、橄榄种植与职业教学法，这些领域与约旦的资源约束密切相关。

Campus

• The main campus occupies the ridges of Salt, a city of pale stone houses that served as an Ottoman administrative centre and is listed for its historic architecture.主校区坐落在萨尔特的山脊上，这座以浅色石屋著称的城市曾是奥斯曼帝国的行政中心，并因其历史建筑而受到保护。
• Salt lies about 30 kilometres north-west of Amman on the road down to the Jordan Valley, within commuting distance of the capital's labour market.萨尔特位于安曼西北约 30 公里、通往约旦河谷的公路旁，处于首都劳动力市场的通勤范围之内。
• The Salt campus houses the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Engineering and the Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi Faculty of Information Technology, together with the central library, which holds Arabic and English collections in engineering, health and education, and the university administration.萨尔特校区设有医学院、工程学院、阿卜杜拉·本·加齐亲王信息技术学院以及中央图书馆与行政机构，馆藏涵盖工程、卫生与教育领域的阿拉伯语和英语文献。
• Salt's historic core of yellow-stone houses and courtyard mansions, including the Abu Jaber mansion, was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2021, giving the university a protected heritage site beside its campus.萨尔特由黄石民居与庭院宅邸构成的历史街区（包括阿布·贾比尔宅邸）于 2021 年列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，使该校校园旁拥有受保护的文化遗产。
• Branch colleges are distributed by region: Irbid, Ajloun and Al-Huson in the north, Zarqa, Marka, Shafa-Badran and Shmeisani in the centre, and Aqaba, Karak, Ma'an and Shobak in the south, a geography that mirrors the kingdom's own north-centre-south division.分支学院按区域分布：北部有伊尔比德、阿杰隆与侯赛因，中部有扎尔卡、马尔卡、沙法巴德兰与谢梅萨尼，南部有亚喀巴、卡拉克、马安与绍巴克，这一布局与约旦本国的北、中、南三分相呼应。
• The university is the only higher-education provider with a faculty in almost every governorate, which makes its buildings the main public campus in several small towns and the first place local families look for post-secondary study.该校是唯一在几乎每个省都设有学院的高等教育机构，其校舍因此成为若干小城镇的主要公共校园，也是当地家庭寻求中学后教育的首选。
• The Shobak college stands near the Crusader castle of Shobak and the rock-cut city of Petra, placing students inside Jordan's main tourist corridor.绍巴克学院毗邻十字军绍巴克城堡与岩凿古城佩特拉，使学生置身约旦主要旅游走廊之中。
• The Aqaba college serves the port city at the head of the Red Sea, where the special economic zone employs engineers, customs officers and logistics staff, and where tourism adds seasonal demand for trained hotel and catering workers.亚喀巴学院服务红海之滨的港口城市，当地经济特区雇用工程师、海关人员与物流人员，旅游业还为受过训练的酒店与餐饮人员带来季节性需求。
• Buildings inherited from the merger vary widely in age and condition, and the university has renovated laboratories and libraries in stages rather than on a single new campus.合并继承的校舍年代与状况差异很大，该校分阶段翻新实验室与图书馆，而非另建统一的新校区。
• Student housing is limited on the branch campuses, so most students commute daily by bus or shared taxi from their home towns, and the university runs shuttle services from Salt to Amman.各分支校区宿舍有限，多数学生每天乘巴士或合乘出租车从家乡通勤，学校还开行萨尔特至安曼的班车。
• The Balqa highlands receive more rain than the rest of Jordan, and the campus looks over olive groves and the descent to the Jordan Valley.巴尔卡高地降水多于约旦其他地区，校园可俯瞰橄榄园以及通往约旦河谷的下坡地带。

Reputation

• Al-Balqa Applied University is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, a band it shares with several hundred institutions and the position of the middle tier among Jordanian universities.巴尔卡应用大学位列 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名 1201-1400 区间，该区间容纳数百所院校，也大体对应约旦高校的中游位置。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 puts it in the 1001-1200 band, roughly two hundred places above its QS position in the same 2027 cycle, a result that reflects its applied and teaching-intensive profile.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列入 1001-1200 区间，在同一 2027 周期内比其 QS 所处区间高出约两百位，这一结果与其应用型和教学密集型定位相符。
• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities it ranks 1,433rd, a placing driven by its volume of publications rather than by reputation surveys.在 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球大学榜单中，该校位列第 1,433 位，这一名次主要由论文数量而非声誉调查推动。
• It did not enter the main table of the 2026 ShanghaiRanking Academic Ranking of World Universities.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• OpenAlex indexes 13,875 works and 266,657 citations for BAU, a ratio of about nineteen citations per paper, and a research output large for an applied university that is concentrated in engineering, water and agriculture.OpenAlex 收录该校 13,875 篇成果与 266,657 次引用，篇均约十九次引用；这一产出对应用型大学而言相当可观，且集中于工程、水务与农业。
• Webometrics has ranked it fifth among Jordanian universities and around 2,575th in the world, while U.S. News once placed it 79th regionally.西班牙 Webometrics 曾把该校列为约旦高校第五、全球约第 2,575 位，而《美国新闻与世界报道》曾将其列为地区第 79 位。
• Nationally, BAU is the main supplier of associate-degree technicians to Jordan's hospitals, municipalities, schools and factories.在约旦国内，该校是医院、市政机构、学校与工厂副学士层次技术人才的主要来源。
• Its medical and engineering faculties have raised its research profile since the 2010s, with output growing in water treatment, desalination and clinical medicine, although the university remains primarily a teaching institution.自 2010 年代以来，其医学与工程学院提升了科研形象，在水处理、海水淡化与临床医学方面的产出持续增长，但该校本质上仍以教学为主。
• The university's scale, with more than 21,000 students across 18 branches and 38 community colleges, makes it a policy instrument for regional development rather than an elite research university.该校在 18 个分支与 38 所社区学院中拥有 21,000 多名学生，这使其更像是区域发展的政策工具，而非精英研究型大学。
• Employer recognition is strongest in nursing, medical laboratory work, surveying and engineering technology, where graduates enter licensed technical roles.其毕业生在护理、医学检验、测量与工程技术等持证技术岗位上的雇主认可度最高。

Student life

• Most students are the first in their families to enter higher education, a pattern that has persisted since the 1997 intake, and a large share come from villages and small towns outside Amman and Irbid.多数学生是家庭中第一代接受高等教育者，这一格局自 1997 年首批招生延续至今，其中很大比例来自安曼与伊尔比德之外的村庄与小城镇。
• Since 1997 the university has awarded its diplomas and degrees at annual ceremonies on the Salt campus, drawing families from every governorate.自 1997 年起，该校每年在萨尔特主校区举行文凭与学位授予典礼，吸引各省家庭前来参加。
• The associate-degree cohort studies two-year programmes that combine classroom teaching with practical training in hospitals, schools and workshops.副学士学生攻读两年制课程，课堂学习与在医院、学校及车间的实务训练相结合。
• Student councils on each campus organise sports tournaments, heritage days and visits to Petra, Jerash and the Dead Sea.各校区学生会组织体育赛事、遗产日以及前往佩特拉、杰拉什与死海的参访活动。
• Jordan's National Day on 25 May and the Great Arab Revolt anniversary are marked with campus ceremonies and displays of the Jordanian flag.约旦于 5 月 25 日庆祝国庆节，校园以典礼与悬挂国旗的方式纪念阿拉伯大起义。
• Ramadan shortens the teaching day, the two Eids empty the campuses as students return to their home towns, and the 2020 and 2021 closures forced two consecutive Ramadan terms online.斋月期间教学日缩短，两个开斋节假期则让学生返回各省家乡，校园随之空置；2020 与 2021 年的封控使连续两个斋月学期转为线上。
• Women form a majority in education, nursing and applied science programmes, reflecting their dominance in Jordanian university enrolment since the 1990s.在教育、护理与应用科学等专业中女性占多数，这与 1990 年代以来约旦高校女性入学人数占优的趋势一致。
• Football and basketball are the main sports, played between branch colleges in regional tournaments rather than in a single national league, with an annual inter-college championship held since 1997.足球与篮球是主要运动项目，比赛以分支学院之间的地区性赛事为主，而非统一的全国联赛，自 1997 年起每年举行院际锦标赛。
• The university's scattered geography means that student life is local: each college draws on its own town's clubs, mosques and cafés rather than a single campus culture.该校地理分布分散，学生生活因而具有地方性：各学院依托所在城镇的社团、清真寺与咖啡馆，而非统一的校园文化。
• Graduation ceremonies are held separately at the Salt campus and at the larger colleges, and families travel long distances to attend them.毕业典礼分别在萨尔特主校区与较大的学院举行，许多家庭长途跋涉前来参加。

Notable people

• King Hussein bin Talal, who reigned from 1952 until his death in 1999, issued the 1997 decree that created the university and gave it its applied mandate, one of his last major education reforms.侯赛因·本·塔拉勒国王自 1952 年执政至 1999 年逝世，1997 年颁布法令创建该校并赋予其应用型办学使命，这是他生前最后几项重大教育改革之一。
• King Abdullah II, who succeeded in 1999, has kept BAU inside national employment and vocational-training strategies aimed at young Jordanians.1999 年继位的阿卜杜拉二世国王，继续把该校纳入面向约旦青年的国家就业与职业培训战略。
• The university's faculty of information technology at Salt carries the name of Prince Abdullah Bin Ghazi.该校位于萨尔特的信息技术学院以阿卜杜拉·本·加齐亲王命名。
• The university's early administrators were drawn from the Jordanian Ministry of Education and from the community-college system that the 1997 merger absorbed.该校早期管理层来自约旦教育部以及 1997 年合并所吸收的社区学院系统。
• Its graduates staff the Ministry of Education's technical schools, the Royal Medical Services and the municipal engineering departments of the governorates, and the university keeps a register of their employment for accreditation reviews.其毕业生供职于教育部所属技术学校、皇家医疗服务署以及各省市政工程部门，学校还为其建立就业登记，以供认证审查使用。
• Nurses trained in its associate programmes form a large part of the workforce of Jordanian public hospitals outside Amman.在该校副学士项目中培养的护士，构成安曼以外约旦公立医院劳动力的重要部分。
• Surveyors and geomatics technicians from the Royal Jordanian Geographic Center College work for the armed forces, the Department of Lands and Survey and private mapping firms.皇家约旦地理中心学院培养的测量与地理信息技术人员，服务于武装部队、土地与测量局以及私营制图公司。
• Several of its engineering graduates have moved into the Gulf states, where Jordanian technicians are recruited for construction, water and electricity projects.部分工程毕业生前往海湾国家，约旦技术人员在当地受雇于建筑、水务与电力项目。