Ahmadu Bello University

Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) is a federal public research university in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, opened on 4 October 1962 as the University of Northern Nigeria.艾哈迈杜·贝洛大学（Ahmadu Bello University，简称 ABU）是尼日利亚卡杜纳州扎里亚的一所联邦公立研究型大学，1962 年 10 月 4 日以「北尼日利亚大学」之名开学。

It was named after Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto and premier of the Northern Region, and grew out of the Ashby Report recommendation that each Nigerian region should have its own university.该校以索科托的萨尔道纳、北区总理艾哈迈杜·贝洛命名，其设立源于《阿什比报告》关于尼日利亚每个大区应各办一所大学的建议。

With 18 faculties, more than 110 departments, some 3,000 academic staff and about 35,000 students on 7,000 hectares, it is the largest university in Nigeria by land area, among the largest in Sub-Saharan Africa, and is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校设有 18 个学院、110 多个系，拥有约 3,000 名学术人员和约 35,000 名学生，占地 7,000 公顷，按土地面积计为尼日利亚最大的大学，也是撒哈拉以南非洲规模最大的大学之一，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201-1400 区间。

History

• As Nigeria approached independence on 1 October 1960, its only degree-awarding institution was the University of Ibadan, and the Ashby Report of September 1960 backed regional universities.尼日利亚于 1960 年 10 月 1 日独立前夕，全国唯一能授予学位的机构是伊巴丹大学，1960 年 9 月发表的《阿什比报告》则支持各大区自办大学。
• In May 1960 the Northern Region upgraded the School of Arabic Studies in Kano into the Ahmadu Bello College for Arabic and Islamic Studies, a constituent that the new university later absorbed.1960 年 5 月，北区把卡诺的阿拉伯语研究学校升格为艾哈迈杜·贝洛阿拉伯与伊斯兰研究学院，该院后来成为新大学的组成部分。
• Legislation establishing the University of Northern Nigeria was passed by the Northern Region legislature in 1961, with the campus fixed at Zaria rather than Kano after the Ashby recommendations.1961 年，北区立法机构通过设立北尼日利亚大学的法律，并在《阿什比报告》建议下把校址定在扎里亚而非卡诺。
• By the time it opened in 1962 the new university had absorbed five existing institutions, among them the Nigerian College of Arts, Science and Technology at Samaru, the Kano college, the Agricultural Research Institute, the Institute of Administration at Zaria and the Veterinary Research Institute at Vom.到 1962 年开学时，新大学已接管五所既有机构，包括萨马鲁的尼日利亚文理与技术学院、卡诺的学院、萨马鲁农业研究所、扎里亚行政研究所以及乔斯高原沃姆的兽医研究所。
• When it opened on 4 October 1962 the university had four faculties, 15 departments and 426 students, of whom only 147 came from the Northern Region itself.1962 年 10 月 4 日开学时，该校仅有四个学院、15 个系与 426 名学生，其中只有 147 人来自北区本地。
• Six decades of colonial rule had left education in the north far behind the southern regions, so few northerners held the qualifications for university entry or for teaching posts.英国殖民统治六十年使北部教育远远落后于南部两大区，具备大学入学资格或任教资格的北方人寥寥无几。
• The first vice-chancellor was British and most early professors were expatriates, the only two Nigerians in the first faculty round being mathematician Iya Abubakar and educationist Adamu Baikie.首任校长为英国人，早期教授多为外籍人士，首轮聘任中仅有的两位尼日利亚人是数学家伊亚·阿布巴卡尔与教育家阿达穆·拜基。
• Under the New Zealander Norman Alexander, who led the university until 1966, staff were recruited, departments created and buildings erected, and enrolment reached a thousand students.新西兰人诺曼·亚历山大执掌该校至 1966 年，其间延聘师资、增设学系、兴建校舍，在校生规模达到一千人。
• Alexander was succeeded in 1966 by Ishaya Shuaibu Audu, a paediatrician from Wusasa near Zaria and a former associate professor at the University of Lagos, who took office as the first Nigerian vice-chancellor at a moment of national crisis.1966 年接任的伊沙亚·舒艾布·奥杜是扎里亚附近武萨萨出身的儿科医生、拉各斯大学前副教授，他在国家危机之际成为该校首位尼日利亚籍校长。
• The coups and anti-Igbo riots of 1966 hit the university hard, but it kept expanding and in 1968 set up its own School of Basic Studies to supply pre-degree candidates.1966 年的政变与排伊博人骚乱对该校造成严重冲击，但它仍持续扩张，并于 1968 年自设基础研究学院以培养预科生源。
• By 1972, ten years after its founding, the university enrolled more than 7,000 students, over half of them in degree programmes, and had graduated 2,333 people against Ibadan's 615 in the same span.到 1972 年即建校十年时，该校在校生超过 7,000 人，其中半数以上攻读学位，累计毕业 2,333 人，而伊巴丹大学同期仅毕业 615 人。
• The Kongo campus near Zaria's old city taught public administration and trained local government staff across northern Nigeria, while the Kano campus became Abdullahi Bayero College for Hausa, Arabic and Islamic studies.紧邻扎里亚老城的孔戈校区教授公共行政，为尼日利亚北部各地培训地方政府人员；卡诺校区则改为阿卜杜拉希·巴耶罗学院，教授豪萨语、阿拉伯语与伊斯兰研究。
• By 1975 more than half the teaching staff were still expatriates, and the university adopted a Graduate Assistantship programme that recruited its best graduates as staff-in-training.至 1975 年，半数以上教师仍为外籍，该校因此推行「研究生助教」计划，把最优秀的毕业生聘为在职培养的准教师。
• Within a few years a significant share of senior staff were products of that internal training scheme, and the proportion of expatriate teachers fell rapidly after 1975.数年内，相当比例的资深教师出自这一内部培养机制，外籍教师占比在 1975 年之后迅速下降。
• From 1980, as the International Monetary Fund and World Bank structural adjustment programme took hold, university funding was cut and staff salaries fell in real terms while the naira depreciated.自 1980 年起，随着国际货币基金组织与世界银行推动的结构调整计划落地，大学经费被削减，奈拉贬值使教师实际工资下降。
• In May 1986 security forces killed 20 demonstrators and bystanders during a peaceful rally against the austerity programme, an episode that became part of the university's collective memory.1986 年 5 月，安全部队在一次反对紧缩政策的和平集会上打死 20 名示威者与旁观者，这一事件成为该校集体记忆的一部分。
• ABU has suffered repeated closures amid Nigerian political instability, which commentators have linked to its unusually national intake from every region and faith.在尼日利亚政局动荡中，该校多次停课关闭，评论者认为这与其生源来自全国各地区与各宗教、具有异常鲜明的全国性有关。
• It nurtured two new institutions, Bayero University Kano, which became a university in 1975, and the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University of Technology at Bauchi, founded in 1980, and some 30 colleges and polytechnics are now affiliated to it.该校孕育了两所新大学：1975 年升格为大学的卡诺巴耶罗大学，以及 1980 年创办的包奇阿布巴卡尔·塔法瓦·巴莱瓦技术大学；另有约 30 所教育学院与理工学院附属于它。
• The university covers 7,000 hectares, a land area often cited as the largest occupied by any university in Sub-Saharan Africa apart from Cairo University.该校占地 7,000 公顷，这一面积常被认为在撒哈拉以南非洲仅次于开罗大学。
• Its Kashim Ibrahim Library began in 1955 as a single room, moved into a purpose-built block in 1963 and held over 1.2 million books and 66,000 periodicals by 2006.该校的卡希姆·易卜拉欣图书馆始于 1955 年的一间小屋，1963 年迁入专门建造的馆舍，至 2006 年藏书逾 120 万册、期刊 66,000 种。
• On 5 February 2025 the Governing Council appointed Professor Adamu Ahmed as vice-chancellor, charged with stabilising a university of 18 faculties and over 400 postgraduate programmes.2025 年 2 月 5 日，校务委员会任命阿达穆·艾哈迈德教授为校长，其任务是稳定这所拥有 18 个学院、400 多个研究生项目的大学。

Academics

• ABU is organised into four colleges, three schools, 18 faculties and 110 academic departments, a structure that descends from the four faculties of 1962 and now carries 17 centres and seven institutes.该校由四个学院群、三所学校、18 个学系单位与 110 个系组成，这一架构源自 1962 年的四个学院，如今另设 17 个中心与七个研究所。
• It employs over 600 professors, about 3,000 academic staff and more than 7,000 non-teaching staff, making it one of Nigeria's largest single employers of academics and allowing it to award doctorates in most of its 18 faculties.该校拥有 600 多名教授、约 3,000 名学术人员与 7,000 多名非教学人员，是尼日利亚聘用学术人员最多的单一机构之一，并可在 18 个学院中的多数授予博士学位。
• The university offers more than 400 postgraduate programmes and describes itself as moving towards a postgraduate-centred model of operation.该校开设 400 多个研究生项目，并自称正转向以研究生教育为中心的办学模式。
• The Faculty of Engineering covers electrical, mechanical, civil, chemical, metallurgical, computer, agricultural, water resources and polymer and textile engineering.工程学院涵盖电气、机械、土木、化学、冶金、计算机、农业、水资源以及高分子与纺织工程等方向。
• The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine has ten departments, from anatomy and physiology to pathology, parasitology, surgery and theriogenology, a legacy of the Vom research institute.兽医学院设有十个系，从解剖、生理到病理、寄生虫学、外科与繁殖学，其渊源可追溯至沃姆兽医研究所。
• The Faculty of Agriculture teaches soil science, agronomy, crop protection, animal science, plant science and agricultural economics and extension across seven departments.农学院在七个系中教授土壤学、农学、作物保护、动物科学、植物科学以及农业经济与推广。
• The Faculty of Administration and the Business School run accounting, business administration, public administration, banking and finance, actuarial science, economics and marketing.行政学院与商学院开设会计、工商管理、公共行政、银行与金融、精算、经济学与市场营销等专业。
• The Faculty of Law, based on the Kongo campus, teaches public, private, commercial and Islamic law and supplies a large share of northern Nigeria's judges and magistrates.法学院设在孔戈校区，教授公法、私法、商法与伊斯兰法，为尼日利亚北部输送了大批法官与治安法官。
• The Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences teaches anatomy, physiology and medical biochemistry, feeding the clinical faculties and the university's teaching hospital at Shika.基础医学学院教授解剖学、生理学与医学生物化学，为临床各院系及该校位于希卡的教学医院输送学生。
• Science teaching spans life sciences and physical sciences, with departments of biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, chemistry, geology, physics, mathematics and statistics.理学教学分属生命科学与物理科学两部，设有生物化学、微生物学、植物学、动物学、化学、地质学、物理学、数学与统计学等系。
• The Faculty of Environmental Design teaches architecture, building, quantity surveying, urban and regional planning, geomatics, industrial design, fine arts and glass technology.环境设计学院教授建筑、营造、工料测量、城乡规划、地理信息、工业设计、美术与玻璃工艺。
• The Faculty of Education trains teachers for secondary schools and technical colleges and also managed teacher-training colleges across the northern states in the 1970s.教育学院为中学与技术学院培养教师，1970 年代还曾管理北部各州的师范院校。
• Entry requires five credit passes including English and mathematics at WAEC, NECO or SSCE level and a score of at least 180 in the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board examination.入学要求为在 WAEC、NECO 或 SSCE 考试中取得五科及格且包含英语与数学，并在联合招生与预科委员会考试中至少获得 180 分。
• The School of Basic Studies, founded in 1968, allows students to matriculate on campus and complete a bachelor's degree in four years after pre-degree training.1968 年创办的基础研究学院让学生在校内完成预科后注册学籍，再用四年取得学士学位。
• Research is conducted through seven institutes and 17 centres, including units devoted to agricultural extension, rural development and tropical health.科研通过七个研究所与 17 个中心开展，其中包括农业推广、农村发展与热带健康等专门机构。
• The university's academic year is split into two semesters, and the large postgraduate cohort follows a course-work and thesis model supervised within the faculties.该校学年分为两个学期，庞大的研究生群体按课程学习与学位论文相结合的模式在各学院接受指导。
• Affiliated colleges and polytechnics deliver sub-degree and preliminary programmes under ABU's academic supervision, extending its curriculum across northern Nigeria.附属教育学院与理工学院在该校学术监督下开设大专与预科课程，把其课程体系延伸至尼日利亚北部各地。

Campus

• The university operates from two campuses in Zaria, Samaru and Kongo, in a city that was the capital of the old Zazzau emirate, still seats the Emir of Zazzau, and remains a major centre of northern scholarship.该校在扎里亚设有萨马鲁与孔戈两个校区，这座城市曾是扎扎乌酋长国的都城，至今仍驻有扎扎乌埃米尔，也是尼日利亚北部的学术重镇。
• Samaru, the main campus, holds the Senate Building and most faculties, and it is also where new students are admitted and registered.萨马鲁是主校区，校务委员会大楼与大多数学系设于此，新生报到与注册也在该校区办理。
• The Kongo campus, close to the walled old city, houses the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Administration, and its Institute of Administration trains local government staff from across northern Nigeria.孔戈校区靠近有城墙的扎里亚老城，设有法学院与行政学院，其行政研究所为尼日利亚北部各地培训地方政府人员。
• With 7,000 hectares, the university's land exceeds that of most African universities and includes farms, veterinary fields and staff housing as well as academic buildings.该校占地 7,000 公顷，超过非洲多数大学，除教学建筑外还包括农场、兽医试验场与教工住宅。
• The Kashim Ibrahim Library, named after the first premier of the Northern Region, serves the Samaru campus and satellites, and its 1963 building replaced the single room opened in 1955.卡希姆·易卜拉欣图书馆以北区首任总理卡希姆·易卜拉欣命名，服务萨马鲁及各分校区，其 1963 年的馆舍取代了 1955 年启用的单间图书室。
• Student hostels are insufficient for demand, and many new students spend their first weeks seeking rooms in Zaria's private housing or sharing with relatives.学生宿舍供不应求，许多新生在开学初只能在扎里亚的民房找住处，或与亲友合住。
• The university also inherited the Veterinary Research Institute at Vom on the Jos Plateau, which supports veterinary teaching and field research away from Zaria.该校还继承了乔斯高原沃姆的兽医研究所，为扎里亚之外的兽医教学与野外研究提供支持。
• Zaria lies on the railway line opened in 1911 and on the road corridor between Kaduna and Kano, giving the campus access to northern Nigeria's two largest commercial cities.扎里亚位于 1911 年通车的铁路线以及卡杜纳与卡诺之间的公路走廊上，使校园可通达尼日利亚北部两座最大的商业城市。
• The climate is tropical savanna, temperatures peak in April before the rains break in June, nights turn cool in December and January, and the June to September wet season determines the planting cycle on the university's farms.当地属热带草原气候，气温在 4 月达到峰值，6 月雨季来临，12 月至次年 1 月夜间转凉，6 月至 9 月的湿季决定了校办农场的种植周期。

Reputation

• Ahmadu Bello University sits in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, a position that understates its size because QS weights international reputation heavily.艾哈迈杜·贝洛大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 1201-1400 区间，由于 QS 高度倚重国际声誉，这一名次未能充分反映其体量。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 1001-1200 band, a higher band than its QS position in the same cycle.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列 1001-1200 区间，在同一周期内高于其 QS 所处区间。
• The 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranks it 558th in the world, a placing that puts it inside the global top 600.在 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻与世界报道》全球大学榜单中，该校位列全球第 558 位，这一名次使其进入全球前 600 名。
• It did not enter the main table of the 2026 ShanghaiRanking Academic Ranking of World Universities, which ranks on research output and major awards.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，该榜以科研产出与重要奖项为排名依据。
• OpenAlex indexes 27,715 works and 576,255 citations for the university, a substantial research footprint for a Nigerian university.OpenAlex 收录该校 27,715 篇成果与 576,255 次引用，在尼日利亚高校中属于科研体量较大的一所。
• Nationally, it is one of the largest of Nigeria's federal universities by land area and student population, and it anchors the northern system of higher education that supplies much of the region's civil service, medicine and academia.在尼日利亚国内，该校按土地面积与学生规模都是最大的联邦大学之一，并支撑着北方高等教育体系，为当地输送大量公务员、医务与学术人才。
• Its veterinary, agricultural and engineering faculties are regarded as among the strongest in West Africa, its veterinary teaching hospital at Shika receives cases from across the north-west, and its graduates dominate the northern Nigerian professions.其兽医、农业与工程学科被视为西非最强之列，位于希卡的兽医教学医院接诊西北各地病例，毕业生主导了尼日利亚北部的专业界。
• The university has produced two presidents or vice-presidents of Nigeria, several chief justices and a long list of state governors, an alumni record unmatched outside a handful of African universities.该校培养出两位尼日利亚总统或副总统、多位最高法院首席法官以及大量州长，这一校友记录在非洲少有匹敌者。
• With over 600 professors, it holds one of the largest concentrations of professorial talent in black Africa, although funding per student remains far below international norms.该校拥有 600 多名教授，是黑非洲教授人才最集中的机构之一，但生均经费仍远低于国际平均水平。
• Its research output is concentrated in agriculture, veterinary science, medicine and engineering, fields tied to the development needs of northern Nigeria.其科研产出集中于农业、兽医学、医学与工程，这些领域与尼日利亚北部的发展需求紧密相关。

Student life

• The ABU Zaria Cultural Carnival is an annual celebration of Nigeria's ethnic diversity, with processions, traditional attire, music, dance, horse parades and pageantry.该校的扎里亚文化嘉年华是每年一度的尼日利亚族群多样性庆典，包含游行、传统服饰、音乐、舞蹈、马队与巡游表演。
• The carnival brings together students, cultural associations, staff and traditional title holders from the Zazzau emirate, with horse parades and pageantry, and has become the university's best-known public event.嘉年华汇集学生、文化社团、教职员与扎扎乌酋长国的传统头衔持有者，并有马队与巡游表演，已成为该校最知名的公共活动。
• Students come from every state of the Nigerian federation, which gives the campus a national rather than a regional character unusual among northern institutions.该校学生来自尼日利亚全部各州，这使其校园具有全国性而非地域性的气质，在北部院校中颇为少见。
• The Alumni Association was founded in the early 1960s by the first graduating class, including the architect Fola Alade and the engineer Ayodele Awojobi.该校校友会由首届毕业生于 1960 年代初创立，成员包括建筑师福拉·阿拉德与工程师阿约德莱·阿沃乔比。
• Its national president sits on the university's Governing Council, the national body has 17 executive committee members, and the association maintains branches across the federation with an office on campus.校友会全国主席列席校务委员会，全国机构设 17 名执行委员，协会在联邦各地设有分支，并在校园内设办公室。
• Islamic and Christian student societies organise prayers, festivals and welfare services, reflecting the religious mix of a university that draws from every Nigerian community.伊斯兰教与基督教学生社团组织礼拜、节庆与互助服务，反映出这所面向尼日利亚各族群招生的大学的宗教多元。
• Football, athletics and inter-faculty competitions dominate sport, and the university's teams compete in the Nigerian Universities Games Association championships against Ibadan, Ife and Lagos.足球、田径与院际比赛是体育活动的主体，校队在尼日利亚大学运动会协会主办的锦标赛上与伊巴丹、伊费、拉各斯等校交锋。
• Zaria's dry season and harmattan winds shape daily life, and the campus day begins early to avoid the afternoon heat of the savanna.扎里亚的旱季与哈马丹风塑造了日常生活，校园作息普遍提早，以避开草原午后的酷热。
• The city's markets, emirate palace and railway junction give students a dense urban environment that is nonetheless small enough to walk across.城中的集市、酋长国宫殿与铁路枢纽为学生提供了密集的城市环境，而其尺度又足以步行穿越。

Notable people

• Iya Abubakar, a mathematician, was one of the first two Nigerians appointed to the faculty in 1962 and later became a senator and minister of the Federal Republic.数学家伊亚·阿布巴卡尔是 1962 年首批获聘的两位尼日利亚教师之一，后来出任联邦参议员与部长。
• Adamu Baikie, an educationist who joined the same first faculty round, helped shape teacher training in northern Nigeria.与阿布巴卡尔同批入职的教育家阿达穆·拜基推动了尼日利亚北部师范教育的发展。
• Ishaya Shuaibu Audu, the first Nigerian vice-chancellor, was a paediatrician and later served as Nigeria's minister of external affairs.首位尼日利亚籍校长伊沙亚·舒艾布·奥杜是儿科医生，后来出任尼日利亚外交部长。
• Atiku Abubakar, vice-president of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007, studied at the university's School of Basic Studies and later became a business magnate.1999 至 2007 年任尼日利亚副总统的阿蒂库·阿布巴卡尔曾就读于该校基础研究学院，后成为商界巨头。
• Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, president of Nigeria from 2007 until his death in 2010, took a chemistry degree at Ahmadu Bello University.2007 年至 2010 年逝世的尼日利亚总统奥马鲁·穆萨·亚拉杜瓦在该校取得化学学位。
• Namadi Sambo, vice-president from 2010 to 2015, trained as an architect at ABU before entering politics in Kaduna State.2010 至 2015 年任副总统的纳马迪·桑博在卡杜纳州从政之前，于该校学习建筑学。
• Oladipo Diya, who served as chief of general staff and de facto vice-president under Sani Abacha, was an alumnus of the university.奥拉迪波·迪亚曾在萨尼·阿巴查执政时期担任总参谋长并实际履行副总统职务，是该校校友。
• Sanusi Lamido Sanusi, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria from 2009 to 2014 and later the 14th and 16th Emir of Kano, studied economics at ABU.萨努西·拉米多·萨努西于 2009 至 2014 年任尼日利亚中央银行行长，后成为卡诺第十四与第十六任埃米尔，曾在该校学习经济学。
• Nasir El-Rufai, governor of Kaduna State from 2015 to 2023, is an alumnus of the university.2015 至 2023 年任卡杜纳州州长的纳西尔·埃尔-鲁法伊是该校校友。
• Nuhu Ribadu, the first chairman of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and later national security adviser, graduated from ABU's law faculty.尼日利亚经济与金融犯罪委员会首任主席、后任国家安全顾问的努胡·里巴杜毕业于该校法学院。
• Grace Chijimma Ezema, recorded as Nigeria's first female electrical engineer, studied at the university, while the artists Bruce Onobrakpeya and Uche Okeke taught and trained a generation of Nigerian modernists there.被誉为尼日利亚首位女电气工程师的格蕾丝·奇吉马·埃泽马曾在该校就读；艺术家布鲁斯·奥诺布拉佩亚与乌切·奥克克则在此任教，培养了尼日利亚一代现代主义艺术家。