Addis Ababa University

Addis Ababa University is a national university in the capital of Ethiopia, the oldest and largest institution of higher learning and research in the country, teaching across thirteen campuses under a president and four vice presidents.亚的斯亚贝巴大学（阿姆哈拉语 አዲስ አበባ ዩኒቨርሲቲ）是埃塞俄比亚首都的一所国立大学，也是该国历史最久、规模最大的教学与研究机构，13 个校区在校长与四位副校长治下运作。

Its origin is a two-year college opened on 20 March 1950 by the Jesuit Lucien Matte at the appeal of Emperor Haile Selassie I, and after the revolution that ended the monarchy it assumed its present name in 1975.该校的起点是 1950 年 3 月 20 日由耶稣会士 Lucien Matte 应海尔·塞拉西一世之邀创办的两年制学院，帝制终结后于 1975 年改用现名。

In the 2013-2014 academic year it carried 48,673 students, of whom 33,940 were undergraduates, 13,000 read master's degrees and 1,733 were doctoral candidates, with 6,043 staff, 2,408 of them academic. Entry comes through the Ministry of Education on the Ethiopian University Entrance Examination.2013-2014 学年全校有学生 48673 人，其中本科生 33940 人、硕士生 13000 人、博士生 1733 人，教职工 6043 人（内含学术岗位 2408 人），新生由教育部依据埃塞俄比亚大学入学考试成绩分配入学。

History

• The nucleus of the university was the two-year college founded on 20 March 1950 by Lucien Matte, a Jesuit called to Ethiopia by Emperor Haile Selassie I to organise higher education.该校核心是 1950 年 3 月 20 日由耶稣会士 Lucien Matte 创办的两年制学院，他应海尔·塞拉西一世之邀来到埃塞俄比亚筹划高等教育。

• Teaching began in 1951, and the college's first intake was tiny, an enrolment capacity of 33 students recorded for the founding year.1951 年开始授课，创校之年的注册容量仅有 33 人，规模极小。

• Over the two years after 1951 the new college built external academic credentials, developing an affiliation with the University of London and with the University of Oxford so that its degrees ran through British examination boards.1951 年之后的两年间，学院着手建立校外学术凭据，先后与伦敦大学、牛津大学确立从属关系，学位经由英国考铨体系授予。

• Students from other parts of Africa were brought in on free scholarships funded through programmes subsidised by the Organisation of African Unity, making the college a pan-African enterprise as well as an Ethiopian one.来自非洲其他地区的学生的公费学位由非洲统一组织资助的项目支付，使学院兼具泛非洲性质。

• The University College of Addis Ababa was the institutional nucleus, at first holding only the Faculties of Arts and Science before it was chartered as a fully fledged college in 1954.亚的斯亚贝巴大学学院是建制核心，最初只设文学院与理学院，1954 年获宪章成为正式学院。

• In 1955 the Building College was opened, the beginning of construction and built-environment teaching that later developed into a specialised institute.1955 年建筑工程学院开学，该校的建筑与建成环境教学由此发端，后来发展为专门的研究所。

• In February 1961 the scattered colleges were brought together, with the Theological College, to form Haile Selassie University, the first degree-granting university of Ethiopia.1961 年 2 月，分散各院连同神学院合并为海尔·塞拉西大学，成为埃塞俄比亚第一所可授学位的大学。

• The Emperor gave the university his Guenete Leul Palace to serve as the administration building and main campus, having abandoned the residence after several of his ministers and favourites were killed there in the wake of the abortive coup d'état of 1960, taking up the newly built Jubilee Palace instead.皇帝将格尼特·吕尔宫捐作行政楼与主校区，此前 1960 年未遂政变余波中多名大臣与近侍在该宫遇害，他遂弃居而移入新建的禧年宫。

• Until 1974 the charter ran authority downward from the Chancellor, the Emperor himself, to a Board of Governors of ministers and royals, and then to a Faculty Council of officers, deans, directors and elected members.1974 年之前的宪章规定权力自上而下为名誉校长（皇帝本人）、由大臣与王族组成的董事会、以及由校政人员、院长、所长与民选成员组成的教员会。

• That Faculty Council later became the Senate, the body that still symbolises academic self-government on a campus otherwise controlled from the ministry.这一教员会后来改为参议院，在多数事务由部里主导的校园中仍是学术自治的象征。

• After the 1974 revolution the institution was briefly renamed University of Ethiopia, before it took its present name, Addis Ababa University, in 1975.1974 年革命后学校一度改名埃塞俄比亚大学，1975 年确定现名亚的斯亚贝巴大学。

• Revolution also meant closure, since the university was shut for two years while students and staff were drafted into the Development through Cooperation Campaign, the zemecha that carried them into the countryside.革命亦意味着停课，学校被关闭两年，师生被征入"合作促发展运动"（zemecha）下乡。

• In 1977 Duri Mohammed was appointed president, and under him the academy was preserved and even saw a resurgence despite the turbulence of the Ethiopian insurgency.1977 年 Duri Mohammed 出任校长，在埃塞俄比亚内乱不止的年月里，他既保全了学术队伍，还带来一波复兴。

• The same period cost the university its relative autonomy, as the Commission for Higher Education took administrative jurisdiction over every institution of higher learning in the country.同一时期学校失去相对自治，高等教育委员会把全国所有高校的行政管辖权收归己有。

• Postgraduate teaching arrived late but in sequence, the university offering its first master's programmes in 1979 and its first doctoral programmes in 1987.研究生教育起步虽晚却有序，1979 年开办首批硕士项目，1987 年开办首批博士项目。

• In the late 1960s and early 1970s students were required to give a year of national service under the Ethiopia University Service programme, an obligation that tied the campus to primary schools and clinics.1960 年代末至 1970 年代初，学生须按"埃塞俄比亚大学服务计划"完成一年国家服务，校园由此与小学和诊所挂钩。

• University teachers and students were instrumental in exposing the hidden famine of 1973 and in launching the first famine relief programme, an intervention that shortened the regime's credibility but long outlived it in institutional memory.校内师生参与揭露 1973 年被隐瞒的饥荒并发起第一个饥荒救济项目，此举削弱了政权威信，也在校史记忆中长久留存。

• After the 1993 proclamation that placed the university under the Ministry of Education, the transitional government reappointed Duri Mohammed as president and a purge of 42 staff members followed.1993 年颁令把学校划归教育部管辖后，过渡政府再度任命 Duri Mohammed 为校长，随后对 42 名教职工进行清洗。

• Those removed in the early 1990s included the surgeon Asrat Woldeyes and a former president, Alemayehu Teferra, two careers that had been made inside the university's own hospitals and faculties.1990 年代初被清退者包括外科医生 Asrat Woldeyes 与前任校长 Alemayehu Teferra，二人的事业均成于本校的医院与院系。

• In 2013 the university opened a Confucius Institute in partnership with Tianjin University of Technology and Education, adding Chinese to the language offerings its students had long taken in English, French and Amharic.2013 年该校与天津职业技术师范大学合办孔子学院，在学生原有的英语、法语、阿姆哈拉语之外增加中文课程。

• By 2023 the university counted more than 222,000 graduates since 1950, a cohort that had by then staffed the professions, the civil service and the ruling parties of two countries.到 2023 年，该校自 1950 年以来累计毕业生逾 22.2 万人，这支队伍为两国的公务系统与执政党提供了人力。

• In 2023, too, the university was reported by Chinese and Ethiopian compilations to have become the first institution in Ethiopia to be granted academic and administrative autonomy, a status its 1977-era leadership had sought.2023 年中埃两国的资料均称该校成为埃塞俄比亚第一所得获学术与行政自主权的高校，这正是其在 1977 年前后的领导层所追求的地位。

• The technology teaching of the capital was reorganised in 2016 when the Addis Ababa University Institute of Technology was merged into the newly created Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, removing one of the university's largest campuses.2016 年首都的工科教学被重新编排，亚的斯亚贝巴大学理工学院并入新设的亚的斯亚贝巴科技大学，该校由此让出最大的校区之一。

• Over more than seven decades the institution has been Ethiopia's main supplier of trained professionals, and its student body has twice reshaped the country's politics, in 1974 and in 1991.七十余年间，该校始终是埃塞俄比亚专业人才的主要供给者，其学生群体更在 1974 年与 1991 年两度重塑国家政治。

Academics

• Programme depth now runs to some 70 undergraduate degrees and 293 graduate degrees, of which 72 are doctoral and 221 master's, together with specialisations in the health sciences.全校现开设约 70 个学士项目与 293 个研究生项目，其中博士 72 个、硕士 221 个，另有健康科学方向的多个专门领域。

• Teaching is weighted toward the health sciences, public health and veterinary and agricultural subjects, the fields in which the university's subject-band placements are strongest.教学与研究重心偏向健康科学、公共卫生、兽医与农业科目，这些正是该校学科榜单位次最靠前的领域。

• Clinical teaching is anchored on Tikur Anbessa Specialist Hospital, the capital's referral hospital known as the Black Lion, which serves as the university's principal teaching ground for medicine.临床教学以 Tikur Anbessa 专科医院为轴心，这所被称为「黑狮」的首都转诊医院是该校医学的主要实习基地。

• Its humanities are organised around the Institute of Ethiopian Studies, built up from the 1960s by the British-born Ethiopianist historian Richard Pankhurst and still the country's chief archive of Ethiopian history.人文学科围绕埃塞俄比亚研究所组织，该所自 1960 年代由英国出生的埃塞俄比亚史家 Richard Pankhurst 建设起来，至今仍是该国埃塞俄比亚史的核心档案所在。

• Associated research institutions are part of the academic structure rather than an add-on, and the Institute of Ethiopian Studies, with its museum, is the best known of them.附属研究机构本是学术建制的一部分而非额外配置，其中最知名的是设有博物馆的埃塞俄比亚研究所。

• Building and city teaching survives from the 1955 Building College in the Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development.1955 年的建筑工程学院延续为埃塞俄比亚建筑、施工与城市发展研究所，城建教学未曾中断。

• The university also operates the Yared School of Music, named for the sixth-century liturgical composer Yared, and its campus in the old palace holds an ethnological museum open to the public.该校还运营雅雷德音乐学院，其名取自公元六世纪的礼仪作曲家雅雷德，旧宫校区内的民族学博物馆亦对公众开放。

• Language teaching has a long institutional history, from the British examinations of the early 1950s to the Chinese programme started with Tianjin University of Technology and Education in 2013.语言教学建制绵长，从 1950 年代初接续英国考铨体系，到 2013 年与天津职业技术师范大学合办中文项目。

• Admission is centrally allocated, with the Ministry of Education placing qualified students by their score on the Ethiopian University Entrance Examination rather than by campus application.招生由中央分配，教育部按埃塞俄比亚大学入学考试成绩把合格学生派入该校，而非由校园自行受理申请。

• Academic government rests with the Senate, the descendant of the pre-1974 Faculty Council, while day-to-day executive authority sits with a president assisted by four vice presidents and an executive director.学术治理归于参议院，其前身是 1974 年前的教员会，日常行政权则在校长手中，由四位副校长与一位执行主任辅佐。

• Doctoral training, begun only in 1987, is now a major pillar, with 72 doctoral programmes listed against the 1,733 candidates enrolled in 2013-2014.博士培养虽迟至 1987 年才起步，如今已成支柱，设有 72 个博士项目，对应 2013-2014 学年 1733 名在读博士生。

• Staffing is thin against that load, a ratio near 14.8 students to each academic post recorded in the 2013-2014 profile of 2,408 academic and 3,635 support staff.师资相对紧张，其学术岗位 2408 人、辅助人员 3635 人，师生比约 14.8 比 1。

• Community service sits inside the academic mission, the university having run literacy programmes for adult Ethiopians alongside its degree teaching.社会服务被纳入学术使命，该校在学位教育之外长期为成年民众开办识字项目。

• Graduate study in development and social subjects grew out of the student mobilisations of the 1960s and 1970s, when the campus was the country's chief producer of political analysis.发展研究与社会类研究生学科脱胎于 1960 至 1970 年代的学生运动，那时校园是全国政治分析的主要产地。

• Sciences taught here include the earth and atmospheric subjects, whose field work reaches the rift valley, the Afar lowlands and the highlands around Addis.理科教学涵盖地球与大气类学科，野外工作伸向裂谷、阿法尔低地与亚的斯周边高原。

• Five museums are attributed to the university, of which the ethnological collection in the Guenete Leul Palace is the one students most often enter as teaching space.归属于该校的博物馆共五座，其中格尼特·吕尔宫内的民族学藏品最常作为教学现场被学生使用。

• Its central library carries the name of John F. Kennedy, the J. F. Kennedy Library having served as the scholarly centre of a campus whose study spaces are spread over twelve sites inside the capital.该校中央图书馆以约翰·肯尼迪命名，肯尼迪图书馆在校园学术生活中居于中心，而自习与教学空间则分散在首都境内的 12 个校区。

Campus

• The university holds thirteen campuses, twelve of them inside Addis Ababa and one at Bishoftu, about 45 kilometres from the capital.全校共 13 个校区，其中 12 个位于亚的斯亚贝巴市内，另一个在距首都约 45 公里的比绍夫图。

• Because so many sites lie within one city, the campuses are not a single greenfield but a distributed estate of former colleges, hospitals and palace buildings.由于校区多在同一城内，该校并非单一新辟校园，而是由旧学院、医院与宫殿建筑组成的分布式校区群。

• The administrative heart is the Guenete Leul Palace, the imperial residence handed to the university after 1960 and now better known as the home of the Institute of Ethiopian Studies and its museum.行政核心是格尼特·吕尔宫，这座皇家居所在 1960 年后移交学校，如今更以埃塞俄比亚研究所及其博物馆馆舍为人所知。

• Health-science teaching occupies a hospital-centred campus, with Tikur Anbessa Specialist Hospital, the Black Lion, providing wards, theatres and outpatient clinics for clinical years.健康科学教学以医院为中心布局，「黑狮」即 Tikur Anbessa 专科医院为临床阶段提供病房、手术室与门诊。

• The Bishoftu campus, 45 kilometres out, gives the university land for agricultural and veterinary teaching that the crowded capital cannot supply.远在 45 公里外的比绍夫图校区为农业与兽医教学提供了首都拥挤市区无法供给的土地。

• Campus computing and library services run through the J. F. Kennedy Library, long the single point at which the university's scattered colleges shared a collection.校园网络与图书馆服务以肯尼迪图书馆为枢纽，这长期是分散各院共用同一馆藏的单点。

• Music and performance facilities are attached to the Yared School of Music, whose rehearsals take place beside museum halls in the old imperial buildings.音乐与演出设施附设于雅雷德音乐学院，排练场就排在旧宫殿建筑内的展厅旁边。

• The Confucius Institute opened in 2013 added a purpose-built language teaching venue inside the capital campuses, and by 2023 almost 10,000 Ethiopian learners had passed through its programmes.2013 年设立的孔子学院在市区的校区增添了专门的语言教学场所，到 2023 年其项目已接纳近万名埃塞俄比亚学习者。

• One large campus left the estate in 2016, when the institute of technology was transferred to a new university, shrinking the physical footprint that had grown since 1950.2016 年一个大型校区被划出，理工学院移交新建大学，自 1950 年以来不断扩张的实体版图因此收缩。

Reputation

• In the QS 2027 world university rankings Addis Ababa University is placed in the 951-1000 band, sharing that bracket with only a handful of other African institutions.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，亚的斯亚贝巴大学位于第 951-1000 位区间，同区间的非洲院校寥寥。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 does not include the university, so no 2027 THE position exists for it, although the 2023 edition had it in a 601-800 band.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，2027 年榜上无其名次，2023 年版则曾列 601-800 区间。

• US News ranks it 592 in the 2026-2027 Best Global Universities table, the highest of the three global league tables and the position the university itself stresses.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中该校列第 592 位，是三大全球榜单中最好的名次，也是校方强调的位置。

• Shanghai Ranking puts it in the 701-800 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, a placement that rests on its natural-science and clinical output.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名把该校列在 701-800 区间，其依据是自然科学与临床医学的产出。

• By subject its strongest single showing is infectious diseases, listed at 86 in the US News subject tables, with veterinary science and public health in the 201-300 bands of the Shanghai subject rankings.分学科看，最突出的单项是传染病学，在 US News 学科榜报出第 86 位，兽医学与公共卫生则在软科分学科榜的 201-300 区间，具体名次以官方榜单为准。

• Other subject placements keep the profile in the third and fourth hundreds, agriculture and forestry at 401-475 in QS tables and clinical medicine near 294 in the US News subject ranking.其他学科位次仍落在三四百名区间，农业与林业在 QS 学科表中为 401-475，临床医学在 US News 学科榜约第 294 位。

• Research output is the hardest number attached to the name, with 39,703 recorded works and 1,309,727 citations, an average above 30 citations per document over the whole record.科研产出是最硬的数据，累计成果 39703 项、被引 1309727 次，全库篇均被引超过 30 次。

• No Nobel Prize, Turing Award or Fields Medal laureate is recorded among its students or academic staff, and the entry leaves that blank rather than substituting state honours.其学生与教职名单中未查到诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主，本条目据实留白，不以国家荣誉替代。

• Regionally it has been the best-ranked sub-Saharan institution outside South Africa, a standing reported for the 2023 QS cycle, and it remains the reference university inside Ethiopia.在区域层面，2023 年 QS 周期曾把它列为南非以外撒哈拉以南非洲排名最高的院校，在国内它仍是基准大学。

Student life

• Student life here has rarely been confined to the seminar, since the university was the birthplace and main venue of the Ethiopian Student Movement.该校的学生生活很少局限于课堂，埃塞俄比亚学生运动正是发源于此并以此为主要舞台。

• Almost all leaders of the political organisations active in the revolutionary years, or holding office since, formed politically inside the university before 1974.革命年代活跃、或此后执政的政治组织的领导人，几乎都在 1974 年之前于校内完成政治塑造。

• Community service is a documented student practice, the university having run literacy programmes among the surrounding population alongside its studies.社会服务有明确记载，学生在学期间即面向周边民众开展识字项目。

• National service was compulsory in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a year spent under the Ethiopia University Service programme in schools and rural postings.1960 年代末至 1970 年代初国家服务为强制，学生须在"埃塞俄比亚大学服务计划"下服役一年，分派到学校与农村岗位。

• The zemecha of the mid-1970s took the whole campus into the countryside after two years of closure, an episode still recounted in the university's own history.1970 年代中期的"合作促发展运动"在停课两年之后把整个校园带往农村，这段经历至今仍写入校方校史。

• Students and teachers who exposed the concealed 1973 famine also organised the country's first famine relief programme, setting a precedent for campus involvement in emergencies.揭露 1973 年隐匿饥荒的师生还组织了全国第一个饥荒救济项目，为校园介入紧急状态开了先例。

• Culture reaches campus life through the Yared School of Music and through the palace museums, where liturgical chant training and ethnological collections sit a few hundred metres apart.文化生活经由雅雷德音乐学院与宫殿内的博物馆进入校园，礼仪圣咏的训练场与民族学展厅相距不过数百米。

• International mobility is comparatively narrow, the QS profile reporting almost no international students on its rolls, a contrast with the pan-African scholarships of the 1950s and 1960s.跨境流动相对有限，QS 资料显示其在校生中国际学生几近于零，与 1950 至 1960 年代的泛非洲公费招生形成对照。

Notable people

• Meles Zenawi left the university in 1975 to join the Tigray People's Liberation Front and fight the Derg of Mengistu Haile Mariam, later serving as prime minister of Ethiopia.Meles Zenawi 于 1975 年离校加入提格雷人民解放阵线，对抗门格斯图·海尔·马里亚姆领导的军政府，后来出任埃塞俄比亚总理。

• Isaias Afwerki abandoned his studies in 1966 and travelled to Kassala in Sudan to join the Eritrean Liberation Front, eventually becoming president of Eritrea.Isaias Afwerki 在 1966 年中途辍学，前往苏丹卡萨拉加入厄立特里亚解放阵线，后任厄立特里亚总统。

• Hailemariam Desalegn, another alumnus of the university, served as prime minister of Ethiopia, making the institution a common point in the formation of two countries' leadership.海尔马里亚姆·德萨莱尼同为该校校友，曾任埃塞俄比亚总理，这所学校因此是两国领导层成长轨迹上的共同坐标。

• Duri Mohammed, geologist and president from 1977, is credited with preserving the academy and overseeing its resurgence through the years of insurgency.地质学家 Duri Mohammed 自 1977 年起任校长，被认为是内乱年月保全学术队伍并推动复兴的关键人物。

• Asrat Woldeyes, a surgeon whose career was built in the university's hospitals, was among the 42 staff members removed after 1993, while Alemayehu Teferra had already served as president.外科医生 Asrat Woldeyes 的职业生涯成于本校医院，1993 年后被列入被清退的 42 名教职工，Alemayehu Teferra 则已先期担任过校长。

• Lucien Matte, the Jesuit who organised the founding college in 1950, and Richard Pankhurst, the historian who built the Institute of Ethiopian Studies, are the two names most tied to the institution's creation and its scholarship.1950 年筹创起始学院的耶稣会士 Lucien Matte 与建设埃塞俄比亚研究所的史家 Richard Pankhurst，是与该校创建和学术传统绑定最深的两个名字。

• Yohannes Haile-Selassie and Zeresenay Alemseged, both trained in the country and later leading fossil research abroad, are paleoanthropologists whose hominin discoveries reshaped human origins studies.在本国受训、后在海外主持化石研究的 Yohannes Haile-Selassie 与 Zeresenay Alemseged 同为古人类学家，其古人类发现改写了人类起源研究。

• Berhane Asfaw, a paleoanthropologist associated with early Homo sapiens finds, carries the university's contribution to the science that Ethiopia's fossil record made possible.参与早期智人化石发现的古人类学家 Berhane Asfaw，体现该校在埃塞俄比亚化石记录所成就的那一门学科中的贡献。

• Michael Tsegaye, the photographer and artist, and Yismake Worku, the Amharic novelist, represent the creative and literary streams that grew out of campus teaching.摄影艺术家 Michael Tsegaye 与阿姆哈拉语小说家 Yismake Worku 分别代表由校园教学长出的创作与文学两支。

• Haile Selassie I, the emperor whose palace became the campus and whose name the university carried from 1961 to 1975, remains the figure against which the institution's history is periodised.海尔·塞拉西一世的宫殿成为校区、其名号自 1961 年用到 1975 年，该校历史分期仍以这位皇帝为坐标。