Acoustical Society of America

The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an international scientific society founded in 1929 and dedicated to generating, disseminating and promoting knowledge of acoustics and its practical applications.美国声学学会（Acoustical Society of America，缩写 ASA）是成立于 1929 年的国际性科学团体，致力于产生、传播并推广声学知识及其实际应用。

Primarily a voluntary organisation of about 7,500 members, it spans physics, engineering, architecture, noise, oceanography, biology, speech and hearing, psychology and music.它主要是一个约 7,500 名会员的志愿性组织，领域横跨物理、工程、建筑、噪声、海洋学、生物学、言语与听觉、心理学与音乐。

History

• In the summer of 1928 the physicists Floyd R. Watson and his former doctoral student Wallace Waterfall were invited by Vern Oliver Knudsen of the University of California, Los Angeles to a dinner at his beach club in Santa Monica.1928 年夏，物理学家 Floyd R. Watson 与其前博士生 Wallace Waterfall 应加州大学洛杉矶分校的 Vern Oliver Knudsen 之邀，在其圣莫尼卡海滨俱乐部共进晚餐。
• The three physicists decided to form a society of acoustical engineers interested in architectural acoustics, and in early December Waterfall wrote to sixteen people about organising such a body.这三位物理学家决定成立一个关心建筑声学的声学工程师团体，12 月初 Waterfall 致信 16 人征询组织该团体的可能。
• Harvey Fletcher of Bell Telephone Laboratories offered its premises at 463 West Street in Manhattan for an organisational meeting on 27 December 1928.贝尔电话实验室的 Harvey Fletcher 提供其位于曼哈顿西街 463 号的场所，供 1928 年 12 月 27 日召开筹备会议之用。
• Forty scientists and engineers attended that meeting and founded the Acoustical Society of America.40 位科学家与工程师出席了那次会议，创办了美国声学学会。
• Temporary officers were elected, with Harvey Fletcher as president, V. O. Knudsen as vice-president, Wallace Waterfall as secretary and Charles Fuller Stoddard as treasurer, and a constitution and by-laws were drafted.会议选出临时负责人，Harvey Fletcher 任会长、V. O. Knudsen 任副会长、Wallace Waterfall 任秘书、Charles Fuller Stoddard 任司库，并起草了章程与细则。
• The first issue of the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America appeared in October 1929.《美国声学学会杂志》创刊号于 1929 年 10 月出版。
• Among the founding members were Edward Joseph Schroeter, Harvey Fletcher, Floyd K. Richtmyer, Dayton Miller and Harold D. Arnold.创始会员包括 Edward Joseph Schroeter、Harvey Fletcher、Floyd K. Richtmyer、Dayton Miller 与 Harold D. Arnold。
• The founding group also included Frederick Albert Saunders, Floyd R. Watson and Irving Wolff.创始成员还包括 Frederick Albert Saunders、Floyd R. Watson 与 Irving Wolff。
• Edwin Christopher Wente was among the society's early presidents, and his records from 1929 to 1946 are held by the Niels Bohr Library and Archives.Edwin Christopher Wente 是学会早期会长之一，其 1929 至 1946 年的文件由尼尔斯·玻尔图书馆与档案馆保存。
• In 2004 the society expanded its services to students by introducing regional student chapters.2004 年，学会通过设立地区学生分会扩大了对学生的服务。
• By 2026 the society had hosted nearly 200 meetings on acoustics since its founding.到 2026 年，学会自成立以来已举办近 200 次声学会议。

Mission and activities

• Its purpose is to generate, disseminate and promote the knowledge of acoustics and its practical applications across science and industry.其宗旨是在科学与产业中产生、传播并推广声学知识及其实际应用。
• The society has 13 technical committees that represent specialised interests and organise technical sessions at conferences.学会设有 13 个技术委员会，代表各个专业方向，并在会议上组织技术分会场。
• Those committees are also responsible for representing their sub-field in the society's publications.这些委员会还负责在学会出版物中代表各自的子领域。
• It hosts meetings twice a year, typically somewhere in North America, with between 850 and 1,100 presentations at each.学会每年举办两次会议，通常在美国或加拿大某地举行，每届提交报告约 850 至 1,100 篇。
• The society has held joint meetings with other acoustical bodies, notably its 137th meeting in Berlin in 1999 with the European Acoustics Association and the German Society for Acoustics.学会曾与其他声学团体联合办会，最著名的是 1999 年在柏林与欧洲声学协会及德国声学学会共同举行的第 137 次会议。
• The Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics has served as the repository for conference papers since 2007.《声学会议论文集》自 2007 年起作为会议论文的存档平台。
• It publishes the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, founded in 1929, on the traditional subscription model.它以传统订阅模式出版创刊于 1929 年的《美国声学学会杂志》。
• It also publishes JASA Express Letters, an open-access journal launched in 2021, and Acoustics Today, a general-interest magazine published since 2005.它还出版 2021 年创刊的开放获取期刊《JASA Express Letters》，以及自 2005 年起发行的普及性杂志《今日声学》。
• Since 2021 the publications office has produced Across Acoustics, a podcast highlighting authors' research from its journals.自 2021 年起，其出版部门制作播客「Across Acoustics」，介绍各期刊作者的研究。
• Discontinued titles include the quarterly newsletter Echoes, published from 1991 to 2013, and Acoustics Research Letters Online, published from 2000 to 2005.已停刊的刊物包括 1991 至 2013 年出版的季度通讯《回声》，以及 2000 至 2005 年出版的《声学研究快报在线》。
• Older magazines such as Noise Control, published from 1955 to 1961, and Sound: Its Uses and Control, from 1962 to 1963, are preserved in its archives.更早的杂志，如 1955 至 1961 年的《噪声控制》与 1962 至 1963 年的《声音：其用途与控制》，均保存在其档案中。
• Most technical committees also sponsor awards for the best student or early-career presenter at each conference.多数技术委员会还会为每届会议的最佳学生或早期职业报告人提供奖项。
• Its committees cover specialised interests such as architectural acoustics, underwater acoustics, psychological acoustics and speech communication.其各委员会涵盖建筑声学、水下声学、心理声学与言语交流等专业方向。
• Beyond conferences, the committees represent their sub-field in the society's publications and in its standards work.除会议之外，各委员会还在学会的出版物与标准工作中代表各自的子领域。
• The society runs a standards programme and publishes acoustical standards used by industry.学会设有标准项目，并发布供产业使用的声学标准。
• Acoustics Today, launched in 2005, is its general-interest magazine on acoustics, reaching members alongside the research journals.《今日声学》创刊于 2005 年，是学会面向大众的声学杂志，与研究期刊一同送达会员。
• JASA Express Letters succeeded Acoustics Research Letters Online, which ran from 2000 to 2005 and then became a section of the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America from 2006 to 2020.《JASA Express Letters》接续了 2000 至 2005 年的《声学研究快报在线》，后者在 2006 至 2020 年间成为《美国声学学会杂志》的一个栏目。
• The society's meetings usually take place in North America, but joint meetings such as the 1999 Berlin meeting have been held abroad with sister societies.学会会议通常在美国或加拿大举行，但如 1999 年柏林会议那样的联合会议，也曾与姊妹学会在海外举办。
• Its miscellaneous publications from 1934 to 2016, and the president's records from 1929 to 1946, are held at the Niels Bohr Library and Archives.其 1934 至 2016 年的各类出版物，以及 1929 至 1946 年的会长文件，均由尼尔斯·玻尔图书馆与档案馆保存。
• The A. B. Wood Medal and Prize, awarded jointly with the Institute of Acoustics, recognises those aged 40 or under who have made significant contributions to acoustics.与声学学会联合颁发的 A. B. Wood 奖章，表彰 40 岁及以下、对声学作出重要贡献的人士。
• The Medwin Prize in Acoustical Oceanography and the William and Christine Hartmann Prize in Auditory Neuroscience are among its newer specialised awards.Medwin 声学海洋学奖与 William and Christine Hartmann 听觉神经科学奖，是其较新的专门奖项。
• Student participation is encouraged through reduced conference rates, travel subsidies and formal and informal student meetings and social activities.学会通过优惠的会议费率、差旅补助以及正式与非正式的学生会议与社交活动，鼓励学生参与。

Organization and governance

• The society is governed by elected officers, with an office of the president whose early records are archived from 1929 onward.学会由选举产生的负责人治理，其会长办公室自 1929 年起的早期文件均有存档。
• Its permanent office supports the technical committees, publications and meetings through a publications office and a standards programme.其常设办公室通过出版部门与标准项目，为技术委员会、出版与会议提供支持。
• Edwin Christopher Wente served as president in the early decades, and his tenure is documented in the society's archival collections.Edwin Christopher Wente 在早期数十年间担任会长，其任期在学会的档案收藏中有记录。
• The society operates through its 13 technical committees, each responsible for a sub-field of acoustics.学会通过 13 个技术委员会运作，每个委员会负责声学的一个子领域。
• It maintains a standards programme and a press office, and it co-organises meetings with sister societies abroad.它维护标准项目与新闻办公室，并与海外姊妹学会共同组织会议。
• Its regional student chapters, introduced in 2004, give students a formal route into the society's governance and activities.2004 年设立的地区学生分会为学生提供了进入学会治理与活动的正式途径。

Membership and funding

• Membership is voluntary and stands at about 7,500, drawn from professionals across the disciplines that use acoustics.会员为志愿加入，人数约 7,500，来自使用声学的各个学科的专业人士。
• Students may join and attend conferences at substantially reduced rates, with travel subsidies available.学生可以大幅优惠的费率入会与参会，并可申请差旅补助。
• The society is financed by membership dues, journal subscriptions, meeting registration and publication income.学会的经费来自会员会费、期刊订阅、会议注册与出版收入。
• Its journal operates on the traditional subscription model, while JASA Express Letters and the conference proceedings follow open-access routes.其旗舰期刊采用传统订阅模式，而《JASA Express Letters》与会议论文集则走开放获取路径。
• Its awards and prizes are funded through the society and, in some cases, through named endowments.其各项奖项与奖金由学会出资，部分通过冠名基金支持。

Reception

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America has been published continuously since 1929 and is among the field's principal journals.《美国声学学会杂志》自 1929 年起连续出版，是该领域的主要期刊之一。
• Its Gold Medal, R. Bruce Lindsay Award and A. B. Wood Medal and Prize are presented annually, and other medals are awarded as relevant.其金质奖章、R. Bruce Lindsay 奖与 A. B. Wood 奖章每年颁发，其他奖章则视情况授予。
• The Gold Medal recognises general contributions to the field, and the Silver Medal recognises contributions in defined areas of acoustics.金质奖章表彰对领域的总体贡献，银质奖章则表彰在声学特定领域的贡献。
• Specialised medals include the Wallace Clement Sabine Medal for architectural acoustics and the Pioneers of Underwater Acoustics Medal.专门奖章包括表彰建筑声学的 Wallace Clement Sabine 奖章，以及水下声学先驱奖章。
• The von Békésy Medal recognises contributions to psychological and physiological acoustics, and the Trent-Crede Medal to mechanical vibration and shock.von Békésy 奖章表彰心理与生理声学的贡献，Trent-Crede 奖章则表彰机械振动与冲击方面的贡献。
• Further honours include the Helmholtz-Rayleigh Interdisciplinary Silver Medal, Honorary Fellows, the Distinguished Service Citation and the Rossing Prize in Acoustics Education.其他荣誉还包括 Helmholtz-Rayleigh 跨学科银质奖章、名誉会士、杰出服务表彰，以及声学教育 Rossing 奖。
• The society's education and mentoring awards, such as the David T. Blackstock Mentor Award and the Medwin Prize in Acoustical Oceanography, reflect its breadth.其教育与指导类奖项，如 David T. Blackstock 导师奖与 Medwin 声学海洋学奖，体现了它的广度。
• Because it spans architectural, underwater, psychological and musical acoustics, the society functions as an umbrella body for a fragmented field.由于涵盖建筑、水下、心理与音乐声学，学会实际上充当了这门分散学科的伞式组织。

Notable people

• Harvey Fletcher of Bell Telephone Laboratories was the society's first president in 1928.贝尔电话实验室的 Harvey Fletcher 于 1928 年出任学会首任会长。
• Vern Oliver Knudsen, a pioneer of architectural acoustics at the University of California, Los Angeles, was the society's first vice-president.加州大学洛杉矶分校的建筑声学先驱 Vern Oliver Knudsen 是学会首任副会长。
• Wallace Waterfall, a former doctoral student of Floyd R. Watson, was the society's first secretary and helped organise its founding meeting.Floyd R. Watson 的前博士生 Wallace Waterfall 是学会首任秘书，协助组织其成立会议。
• Charles Fuller Stoddard served as the society's first treasurer, from the founding meeting onward.Charles Fuller Stoddard 自成立会议起担任学会首任司库。
• Floyd R. Watson, a physicist, was among the three who first proposed forming the society.物理学家 Floyd R. Watson 是最初提议成立学会的三人之一。
• Edwin Christopher Wente, whose president's records survive from 1929 to 1946, was an early leader of the society.其会长文件自 1929 至 1946 年得以留存的 Edwin Christopher Wente，是学会的早期领导人。
• Dayton Miller, Floyd K. Richtmyer, Harold D. Arnold, Frederick Albert Saunders and Irving Wolff were among the founding members of 1928.Dayton Miller、Floyd K. Richtmyer、Harold D. Arnold、Frederick Albert Saunders 与 Irving Wolff 都是 1928 年的创始会员。